루소의 신경증과 창작과의 상관관계 연구

신곽균 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2000 프랑스어문교육 Vol.10 No.-

Jean-Jacques Rousseau e e´te´ conside´re´ comme un malade mental durant ses dernie`res anne´es, par des psychiatres et des psychologies qui ont analyse´ son e´tat d'a^me a` travers ses oeuvres, surtout Les Confessions et Les Re^veries d'un Promeneur solitaire. Ce qu'il y a de su^r, c'est que Rousseau e´tait hypersensible a` l'e´gard des autres personnes, qu'il pre´sente dans ses oeuvres comme des perse´cuteurs qui ne provoquent par le complot qu'irritation, de´sir de vengeance et me´pris. Cette tendance naturelle au complexe de la perse´cution a e´te´ assure´ment favorise´e par son enfance malheureuse(sa me`re est morte de`s qu'il est ne´) et par le sentiment refoule´ d'une frustration initiale.(Rousseau, Les Re^veries d'un Promeneur solitaire, Bordas, 1985, p.9) Selon cette e´tude, cette affectivite´ maladive de Rousseau est devenue pour lui un stimulant efficace de la cre´ation litte´raire, la maladie pouvant e^tre que´rie par l'e´criture, l'imagination et finalement le re^ve. Par exemple, la folie de Rousseau en 1776 s'est apaise´e apaise´e suffisamment pour qu'il re´cupe`re son e´quilible psychique et rec¸oive des visiteurs de l'exte´rieur en e´crivant Les R^veries d'un Promeneur solitaire. Donc, son de´lire cause´ par l'e´tat d'inconscience a e´te´ remplace´ par le sextases de l'esprit qui re^ve selon des ravissements inexprimables. Nous avons e´te´ conduits au the`me de la re´ciprocite´ du ge´nie et de la cre´ation litte´raire qui fera l'objet de notre prochaine recherche´.

SNOBISME과 文學性

신곽균 건국대학교 중원인문연구소 1995 중원인문논총 Vol.14 No.-

Le snobisme est en general considere comme un geste de sot pretentieux, si l'on ne considere que son aspect negatif c'est-a-dire en fait, un certain mepris de l'etat du snob. Mais si nous examinons bien le mecanisme du motif psychologique, nous pouvons comprendre qu'il est une source de l'energie vitale reservee pour la vie sociale et spirituelle. La premiere perspective aboutit a "l'homme snob', qui tend vers la vanite personnelle, se sent superieur au reste de son milieu, ou tenu pour distingue dans la societe mondaine. Son desir et sa pretention parfois excessifs le font alors apparaitre comme stupide ou vulgaire, parfois meme comme grossier. Il se classe alors dans la dimension basse du snobisme. Cependant, la seconde perspective peut montrer que le snobisme developpe l'intelligence de l'homme qui se preoccupe de la perfection spirituelle, car ces manifestations spe cifiquement nobles demandent de la finesse et de l'elegane d'esprit. Il s'agit donc d'une creation litteraire profondement liee a ces deux perspectives. Devant cette reflexion, on comprend que le comportement snob ne s'en tient plus au jugement superficiel ou a une definition preconcue. Le snobisme possede par consequent une source creative de l'esprit noble. Celui-ci cree dans la litterature d'autres "imaginations" et fait naitre des personnages particuliers comme dans l'oeuvre de Marcel Proust "A la recherche du temps perdu' ou dit-on, foisonnent les tendances merveilleuses du snobisme. C'est pourquoi nous choisissons le texte de Proust en presntant les divers aspects du snobisme historique. a travers ces etudes et recherches, nous esperons mettre en lumiere les phenomenes morales du monde aristocratique et la substance positive du snobisme, c'est-a-dire sa fonction creatrice dans la litterature.

보들레르 작품에 나타난 惡의 美學

신곽균 건국대학교 중원인문연구소 1998 중원인문논총 Vol.17 No.-

Le mal que nous analysons dans l'oeuvre de Baudelaire ne correspond pas forcement au crime juridique commis dans la societe, c'est plutot le mal moral en tant que manifestation d'une fatalite spirituelle dans la conscience. Cette conscience qui s'aggrave est d'abord liee au desir sexuel, par lequel nous sommes, comme Baudelaire lui-meme, engages dans l'etude des l'impulsions humaines, des troubles psychiques, des obssessions inconscientes, ou encore des reves lies al'enfance. c'est, par consequent, la psychanalyse de Freud, selon laquelle l'interpretation des reves est la voie royale menant a la connaissance de l'inconscient, qui nous permet de decouvrir la poetique baudelairienne d'une facon qui echappe aux autres. L'obssenssion du mal chez Baudelaire provient de sa reaction a la perte de l'amour maternal lorsque sa mere se remarie avec le General Aupick. En interpretant ce remariage comme une liaison illicite, l'enfant Baudelaire tombe dans un conflict interieur de nature fatal, enproie a la haine contre sa mere. A partir de ce trauma, son esprit tombe sous des influences dont les racines psychiques, immergees, restent cachees. Celles-ci se traduisent un jour dans des formees rituelles qui jaillissent dans l'imagination du poete. Contre tenue de l'experience personnelle de Baudelaire, nous pensons qu'il est important d'etudier comment les desirs inconscients l'ont entraine vers la sublimation poetique.

An investigation of PbGeTiAu hybrid ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs

Kwak, Kwak, J.S.,Kim, Kim, H.N.,Baik, Baik, H.K.,Lee, Lee, J.L.,Suh, Suh, K.S.,Shin, Shin, D.W.,Park, Park, C.G. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.2 No.e2

Thermally stable, low-resistance PdGeTiAu ohmic contacts to high-low doped n-GaAs have been developed. The lowest contact resistance obtained is two times lower than that of previously reported PdGe ohmic contacts. The contacts are thermally stable even after isothermal annealing for 5h at 40$0^{\circ}C$ under atmosphere ambient. X-ray diffraction rseults, Auger depth profiles, and crosssectional transmission electron microscopy show that the good PdGeTiAu ohmic contacst are due to the formation of both AuGa and TiO compounds. The AuGa compound enhances the creation of more Ga vacancies, followed by incorporation of Ge into Ga vacancies and TiO compound suppresses As outdiffusion from GaAs substrate, rspectively.

그래프 기반 기계학습을 활용한 차량 내장재 냄새 품질 관리

곽윤신(Yoon Shin Kwak),김정현(Jung Hyun Kim),이신종(Shin Jong Lee),신현정(Hyunjung Shin) 대한산업공학회 2023 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

Marine Benthic Algal Community in the Coastal Waters off Soo Woo Island, Tongyeong

Seok Nam Kwak(Seok Nam Kwak),Sung Su Kim(Sung Su Kim),Woo chul Shin(Woo chul Shin),Jin Muk Kang(Jin Muk Kang) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2022 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.31 No.1

The species composition and seasonal patterns in marine benthic algal community in the coastal waters off Soo Woo Island, Tongyeong were investigated seasonally throughout 2019. A total of 85 species, 9 Chlorophyta, 16 Phaeophyta, and 60 Rhodophyta, were recorded, and dominant species were Sargassum horneri, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Ceramium sp., Gracilaria textorii, Chondracanthus intermedius, Chondracanthus tenellus, Herpochondria elegans, Lithophyllum okamurae, Lomentaria catenata, Polysiphonia sp., and Pterocladiella capillacea during study periods. The number of species were differed with seasons and stations; Higher number of algal species was 52 species in spring, whereas 33 species was lower in summer. The number of algal species were higher at station 3, 4, while the lower value was at station 1, 6 than other stations. The differences of marine benthic algal composition at each station in MDS ordination due to the physical characteristics and local topography.

Species Composition and Distributional Patterns of Marine Benthic Algae in the Coastal Waters of Soo Island, Jinhae

Seok Nam Kwak(Seok Nam Kwak),Sung Su Kim(Sung Su Kim),Woo chul Shin(Woo chul Shin),Jin Muk Kang(Jin Muk Kang) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2022 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.31 No.1

The species composition and distributional patterns of marine benthic algae in the coastal waters off Soo Island, Jinhae were investigated seasonally throughout 2018. A total of 87 species, 7 Chlorophyta 15 Phaeophyta, and 65 Rhodophyta were recorded, and dominant species were Ulva australia, Codium fragile, Sargassum horneri, S. micracanthum, Amphiroa beauvoisii, A. foliacea, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Ceramium sp., Chondracanthus intermedius, C. tenellus, Gelidium elegans, G. vagum, Lithophyllum okamurae, Lomentaria catenata, and Polysiphonia sp. during study periods. Especially the vertical distribution of dominant algal species was remarkable: U. australia, and C. fragile were dominated in the upper part, S. thunbergii, and C. tenellus were in the middle part, and S. micracanthum, S. horneri, A. beauvoisii, and L. catenata mainly occurred in the low part of tidal zone. The numbers of species were different with seasons and stations; Higher number of species was 56 species in winter, whereas 40 species were the lowest in summer. The number of algal species was higher at stations 5 and 6 while the lower value was at stations 1 and 2 than other stations. The spatial distribution of marine benthic algal composition in MDS ordination was due to differences in the local microhabitats for marine algal species and physical characteristics such as current and water movement.

<i>In vitro</i> 3D skin model using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel

Kwak, Bong Shin,Choi, Wonho,Jeon, Joong-won,Won, Jong-In,Sung, Gun Yong,Kim, Bumsang,Sung, Jong Hwan Elsevier 2018 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.66 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Interests in <I>in vitro</I> skin models have been growing. Collagen, which is a main scaffold material for in vitro 3D skin models, has weak mechanical properties, often resulting in undesirable contraction. The physiological characteristics of the skin models often depend on the matrix in which cells are cultured. In this study, we developed a 3D skin model using gelatin methacrylate. The mechanical and transport properties were studied, and attachment and growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were examined. Fibroblasts preferred softer matrix, whereas HaCaT cells preferred harder matrix of gelatin methacrylate. This study provides information for developing <I>in vitro</I> skin models.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Case of Significant Endobronchial Injury due to Recurrent Iron Pill Aspiration

Kwak, Joo-Hee,Koo, Gun Woo,Chung, Sung Jun,Park, Dong Won,Kwak, Hyun Jung,Moon, Ji-Yong,Kim, Sang-Heon,Sohn, Jang Won,Yoon, Ho Joo,Shin, Dong Ho,Park, Sung Soo,Pyo, Ju Yeon,Oh, Young-Ha,Kim, Tae-Hyung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.4

Gastric mucosal damage by iron pills is often reported. However, iron pill aspiration is uncommon. Oxidation of the impacted iron pill causes bronchial mucosal damage that progresses to chronic bronchial inflammation, necrosis, endobronchial stenosis and rarely, perforation. We reported a case of a 92-year-old woman with chronic productive cough and significant left-sided atelectasis. Bronchoscopy revealed substantial luminal narrowing with exudative inflammation of the left main bronchus. Bronchial washing cytology showed necroinflammatory exudate and a small amount of brown material. Mucosal biopsy showed diffuse brown pigments indicative of ferrous pigments, crystal deposition, and marked tissue degeneration. After vigorous coughing, she expectorated dark sediments and her symptoms and radiological abnormalities improved. There are a few such reports worldwide; however, this was the first case reported in Korea. Careful observation of aspiration-prone patients and early detection of iron pill aspiration may prevent iron pill-induced bronchial injury.

Synthesis of Grandisol, the Sexual Attracting Insect Pheromone

Kwak, Young-Shin,Jeong, Byeong-Seon 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.9

In this issue, Suh's group reported a new formal total synthesis of (${\pm}$)-grandisol featuring a palladium-catalyzed 4-exo-trig cyclization. Grandisol's interesting cyclobutane structure has been a popular test model for various cyclization methods over the years. This report summarizes Suh's formal synthesis of grandisol along with a concise review of the four-membered ring cyclization strategies employed in the synthesis of grandisol.