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Seo, Bumjoon,Kim, Seulwoo,Lee, Minhwan,Kim, Taewan,Kim, Hyoun-Soo,Lee, Won Bo,Lee, Youn-Woo The American Chemical Society 2018 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.18 No.4
<P>At sufficiently low supersaturations such that the spiral growth mechanism dominates, β-cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) grows from acetone into a polyhedron surrounded mainly by the (020) and (011) faces. In order to elucidate the morphology, a generalized form of the interfacial structure analysis model is suggested. In this method, the molecular order parameters of crystals are defined to identify the orientation and conformation of the adsorbed growth unit at the interface. This presents a robust method to calculate the orientational and conformational free energy surfaces that are utilized for the spiral growth model of centrosymmetric growth units with polygonal spiral edges. From the metadynamics simulation using these order parameters as collective variables, the free energy surfaces with respect to the collective variables revealed that high conformational free energy of the chair conformation discouraged preordering of the growth units into crystal-like orientation and conformation. The resulting morphology was consistent with the previous experimental and theoretical results, indicating that the anisotropic local concentrations of the growth units at the interface play a critical role in the different relative growth rates of the slow-growing faces.</P><P>The orientation and conformation of a β-cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) molecule at the interface can be identified using order parameters that distinguish crystal-like molecules. Using metadynamics with the order parameters revealed that all the adsorbed molecules act as equivalent growth units. The prediction of the morphology using the anisotropic concentration of these growth units with the spiral growth model exhibited consistency with the experimental morphology of the β-HMX crystal.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Lee, Hyoun Wook,Lee, Eun Hee,Ha, Seung Yeon,Lee, Chang Hun,Chang, Hee Kyung,Chang, Sunhee,Kwon, Kun Young,Hwang, Il Seon,Roh, Mee Sook,Seo, Jeong Wook Blackwell Publishing Asia 2012 Pathology international Vol.62 No.9
<P>MicroRNA (miRNA) has a critical effect on tumorigenesis through post‐transcriptional modification and is considered to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We evaluated the expression pattern of three selected miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐155, and let‐7a) to evaluate their potential roles by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction using formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues of 63 surgically resected pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors (19 typical carcinoids (TCs), 6 atypical carcinoids (ACs), 19 large cell NE carcinomas (LCNECs), and 19 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). Control amplification for U6 small nuclear RNA (U6) was performed in all samples. Normalized Ct values were calculated (Ct<SUB>Experimental miRNA</SUB>‐Ct<SUB>U6</SUB>) for each case and recorded. The expression levels of miR‐21 and miR‐155 were significantly higher in high‐grade NE carcinomas (LCNECs and SCLCs) than in carcinoid tumors (TCs and ACs) (each <I>P</I> < 0.001). The expression level of miR‐21 in carcinoid tumors with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than in carcinoid tumors without lymph node metastasis (<I>P</I>= 0.010). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine the expression patterns of miR‐21 and miR‐155 as an adjunctive diagnostic tool or clinically relevant biomarkers for pulmonary NE tumors.</P>
Two distinct mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by the redox sensor YodB
Lee, Sang Jae,Lee, In-Gyun,Lee, Ki-Young,Kim, Dong-Gyun,Eun, Hyun-Jong,Yoon, Hye-Jin,Chae, Susanna,Song, Sung-Hyun,Kang, Sa-Ouk,Seo, Min-Duk,Kim, Hyoun Sook,Park, Sung Jean,Lee, Bong-Jin National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.35
<P>For bacteria, cysteine thiol groups in proteins are commonly used as thiol-based switches for redox sensing to activate specific detoxification pathways and restore the redox balance. Among the known thiol-based regulatory systems, the MarR/DUF24 family regulators have been reported to sense and respond to reactive electrophilic species, including diamide, quinones, and aldehydes, with high specificity. Here, we report that the prototypical regulator YodB of the MarR/DUF24 family from Bacillus subtilis uses two distinct pathways to regulate transcription in response to two reactive electrophilic species (diamide or methyl-p-benzoquinone), as revealed by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and biochemical experiments. Diamide induces structural changes in the YodB dimer by promoting the formation of disulfide bonds, whereas methyl-p-benzoquinone allows the YodB dimer to be dissociated from DNA, with little effect on the YodB dimer. The results indicate that B. subtilis may discriminate toxic quinones, such as methyl-p-benzoquinone, from diamide to efficiently manage multiple oxidative signals. These results also provide evidence that different thiol-reactive compounds induce dissimilar conformational changes in the regulator to trigger the separate regulation of target DNA. This specific control of YodB is dependent upon the type of thiol-reactive compound present, is linked to its direct transcriptional activity, and is important for the survival of B. subtilis. This study of B. subtilis YodB also provides a structural basis for the relationship that exists between the ligand-induced conformational changes adopted by the protein and its functional switch.</P>
Lee, Gileung,Piao, Rihua,Lee, Yunjoo,Kim, Backki,Seo, Jeonghwan,Lee, Dongryung,Jang, Su,Jin, Zhuo,Lee, Choonseok,Chin, Joong Hyoun,Koh, Hee-Jong Springer US 2019 Rice Vol.12 No.1
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Although embryo accounts for only 2–3% of the total weight of a rice grain, it is a good source of various nutrients for human health. Because enlarged embryo size causes increase of the amount of nutrients and bioactive compounds stored within rice grain, giant embryo mutants of rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) are excellent genetic resources for improving the nutritional value of rice grains.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Three giant embryo mutants, including <I>large embryo</I> (<I>le</I>), <I>giant embryo</I> (<I>ge</I>) and <I>super</I>-<I>giant embryo</I> (<I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP>), with variable embryo size were used in this study. We investigated whether genes controlling embryo size in these mutants (<I>le</I>, <I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP>) were allelic to each other. Although <I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP> was allelic to <I>GIANT EMBRY</I> (<I>GE</I>), <I>le</I> was not allelic to <I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP> in allelism test. The <I>GE</I> gene carried a unique nucleotide substitution in each of the two mutants (<I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP>), resulting in non-synonymous mutations in exon 2 of <I>GE</I> in both mutants. However, the <I>GE</I> gene of the <I>le</I> mutant did not carry any mutation, suggesting that the enlarged embryo phenotype of <I>le</I> was governed by another gene. Using map-based cloning, we mapped the <I>LE</I> gene to the short arm of chromosome 3. The <I>le</I> mutant showed mild enlargement in embryo size, which resulted from an increase in the size of scutellar parenchyma cells. The <I>LE</I> encodes a C3HC4-type RING finger protein and was expressed to relatively high levels in seeds at a late developmental stage. Knockdown of <I>LE</I> expression using RNA interference increased the embryo size of rice grains, confirming the role of <I>LE</I> in determining the embryo size.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Overall, we identified a new gene controlling embryo size in rice. Phenotypic and molecular characterization results suggest that the <I>le</I> mutant will serve as a valuable resource for developing new rice cultivars with large embryos and nutrient-dense grains.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-019-0277-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
이현수 ( Hyoun Soo Lee ),정창욱 ( Chang Uk Jeong ),이은서 ( Eun Seo Lee ),권윤재 ( Yun Jae Kwon ),김유석 ( You Suk Kim ),김진동 ( Jin Dong Kim ),이유정 ( You Jung Lee ) 대한내과학회 2017 대한내과학회지 Vol.92 No.5
총간관에서 발생하는 부신경절종은 국내에서 아직 보고된 바가 없다. 저자들은 폐쇄성 황달을 유발한 총간관 부신경절종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Paragangliomas are rare extra-adrenal neoplasms of neural crest origin. The neoplasms may develop at various sites, but most are located in the para-aortic space along the sympathetic chain. A paraganglioma in the bile duct is very rare; only four cases of such tumors in the hepatic bile duct have been reported to date. Herein, we report on the first Korean case of a malignant paraganglioma in the common hepatic duct (with hepatic metastases) in a 75-year-old male. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the common hepatic duct with dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts. After balloon sweeping, the mass exited spontaneously through the Ampulla of Vater. The mass was about 1.5 × 1.3 × 0.5 cm in its dimensions and the surface appeared to be necrotic and edematous. Microscopically, the tumor cells were arranged in a Zellballen pattern. The tumor was diagnosed as a malignant paraganglioma. (Korean J Med 2017;92:467-470)
주현철 ( Hyoun Cheol Zooh ),구정서 ( Jeong Seo Koo ),이도근 ( Do Keun Lee ),전지혜 ( Ji Hye Jeon ),이재민 ( Jae Min Lee ),이주홍 ( Joo Hong Lee ) 대한주산의학회 2003 大韓周産醫學會雜誌 Vol.14 No.4
분만기주위 심근증은 뚜렷한 원인이나 기존의 심질환 없이 임신 마지막 달에서 산후 5개월 내에 발병하는 드문 심질환 이다. 좌심실 크기나 기능이 정상으로 회복된 경우 재발의 위험성은 낮은 것으로 여겨진다. 그러나 저자들은 심장 크기 및 기능이 정상으로 회복한 산모의 다음 임신에서 재발된 분만기주위 심근증을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 간략히 보고하는 바이다. Peripartum cardiomyopahty(PPCM) is an uncommon myocardial disease arising in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery, in the absence of obvious cause and without prior evidence of heart disease. The risk of recurrence of PPCM is considered low when left ventricular size and function return to normal. But we experienced a case of peripartum cardiomyopathy recurred in subsequent pregnancy despite the return to normal heart size and function. This case was summarized here with a brief review of the related literatures.
Backki Kim,Dong-Gwan Kim,Gileung Lee,Jeonghwan Seo,Ik-Young Choi,Beom-Soon Choi,Tae-Jin Yang,Kwang soo Kim,Joohyun Lee,Joong Hyoun Chin,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
Tongil (IR667-98-1-2) rice, developed in 1972, is a high-yielding rice variety derived from a three-way cross between indica and japonica. Tongil contributed to staple food self-sufficiency of Korea, an achievement that was termed the ‘Korean Green Revolution’. In this study, we analyzed the nucleotide-level genome structure of Tongil rice and compared it to those of the parental varieties. A total of 17.3 billion Illumina Hiseq reads, 47× genome coverage, were generated from Tongil rice. Three parental accessions, two indica and one japonica types, of Tongil rice were also sequenced for approximately 30x genome coverage. A total of 2,149,991 SNPs were detected between Tongil and Nipponbare; the average SNP frequency of Tongil was 5.77 per kb. Genome composition based on the SNP data by comparing with the three parental genome sequences on sliding window of Nipponbare genome sequence revealed that 91.8% of the Tongil genome originated from the indica parents and 7.9% from the japonica parent, different from the theoretical expectation in a three-way cross, i.e., 75% indica and 25% japonica parental origins on average. Copy number of SSR motifs, ORF gene distribution throughout the whole genome, gene ontology (GO) annotation, yield-related QTLs or gene locations, and polymorphic transposon insertions were also comparatively analyzed between Tongil and parents using sequence-based tools. The results indicated that each genetic factor was transferred from parents into Tongil in proportion to the whole-genome composition. The Tongil rice is the first successful superior cultivar derived from indica × japonica hybridization in Korea. Defining of genome structure demonstrates that the Tongil genome is composed mostly of the indica genome with a small proportion of japonica genome introgression. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center No. PJ008125), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.