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Park, Sang Mi,Kim, Sung Woo,Jung, Eun Hye,Ko, Hae Li,Im, Chae Kwang,Lee, Jong Rok,Byun, Sung Hui,Ku, Sae Kwang,Kim, Sang Chan,Park, Chung A,Kim, Kwang Joong,Cho, Il Je Hindawi 2018 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2018 No.-
<P><I>Sipjeondaebo-tang</I> (SDT) is used frequently as a herbal prescription to treat deficiency syndromes in traditional Korean medicine. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SDT against oxidative stress and attempted to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. SDT pretreatment reduced arachidonic acid (AA) plus iron-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner and prevented changes in apoptosis-related protein expression. In addition, SDT pretreatment significantly reduced glutathione depletion, hydrogen peroxide production, and mitochondrial dysfunction via treatment with AA plus iron. SDT increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in accordance with the phosphorylation of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2). Experiments using an AMPK chemical inhibitor (Compound C) or CaMKK2 chemical inhibitor (STO-609) suggested that the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway contributes to SDT-mediated protection of mitochondria and cells. Moreover, administration of SDT for 4 consecutive days to mice significantly reduced the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities induced by carbon tetrachloride, and the numbers of degenerated hepatocytes, infiltrated inflammatory cells, nitrotyrosine-positive cells, and 4-hydroxynonenal-positive cells in liver tissue. Therefore, SDT protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress via CaMKK2-dependent AMPK activation and has the therapeutic potential to prevent or treat oxidative stress-related liver injury.</P>
An Optimal Current Distribution Method of Dual-Rotor BLDC Machines
Sung-Jung Kim,Je-Wook Park,Won-Sang Im,Hyun-Woo Jung,Jang-Mok Kim 전력전자학회 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.2
This paper proposes an optimal current distribution method of dual-rotor brushless DC machines (DR-BLDCMs) which have inner and outer surface-mounted permanent-magnet rotors. The DR-BLDCM has high power density and high torque density compare to the conventional single rotor BLDCM. To drive the DR-BLDCM, dual 3-phase PWM inverters are required to excite the currents of a dual stator of the DR-BLDCM and an optimal current distribution algorithm is also needed to enhance the system efficiency. In this paper, the copper loss and the switching loss of a DR-BLDCM drive system are analyzed according to the motor parameters and the switching frequency. Moreover, the optimal current distribution method is proposed to minimize the total electrical loss. The validity of the proposed method was verified through several experiments.
Reorientation of Colloidal Crystalline Domains by a Thinning Meniscus
Im, Sang-Hyuk,Park, O-Ok The Polymer Society of Korea 2004 Macromolecular Research Vol.12 No.2
When water is evaporated quickly from a water-based colloidal suspension, colloidal particles protrude from the water surface, distorting it and generating lateral capillary forces between the colloidal particles. The protruded colloidal particles are then assembled into ordered colloidal crystalline domains that float on the water surface on account of their having a lower effective density than water. These colloidal crystal domains then assemble together by lateral capillary force and convective flow; the generated colloidal crystal has grain boundaries. The single domain size of the colloidal crystal could be controlled, to some extent, by changing the rate of water evaporation, but it seems very difficult to fabricate a single crystal over a large area of the water's surface without reorienting each colloidal crystal domain. To reorient such colloidal crystal domains, a glass plate was dipped into the colloidal suspension at a tilted angle because the meniscus (airwaterglass plate interface) is pinned and thinned by further water evaporation. The thinning meniscus generated a shear force and reoriented the colloidal crystalline domains into a single domain.
Park, Su-Jung,Leesungbok, Richard,Ahn, Su-Jin,Im, Byung-Jin,Lee, Do Yun,Jee, Yu-Jin,Yoon, Joon-Ho,Cui, Taixing,Lee, Sang Cheon,Lee, Suk Won The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2015 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.7 No.6
PURPOSE. To determine the effect of fibronectin (FN)-conjugated, microgrooved titanium (Ti) on osteoblast differentiation and gene expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Photolithography was used to fabricate the microgrooved Ti, and amine functionalization (silanization) was used to immobilize fibronectin on the titanium surfaces. Osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression were analyzed by means of alkaline phosphatase activity assay, extracellular calcium deposition assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS. The conjugation of fibronectin on Ti significantly increased osteoblast differentiation in MSCs compared with non-conjugated Ti substrates. On the extracellular calcium deposition assays of MSCs at 21 days, an approximately two-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on the etched 60-${\mu}m$-wide/10-${\mu}m$-deep microgrooved surface with fibronectin (E60/10FN) compared with the same surface without fibronectin (E60/10), and a more than four-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on E60/10FN compared with the non-etched control (NE0) and etched control (E0) surfaces. Through a series of analyses to determine the expression of osteoblast marker genes, a significant increase in all the marker genes except type I collagen ${\alpha}1$ mRNA was seen with E60/10FN more than with any of the other groups, as compared with NE0. CONCLUSION. The FN-conjugated, microgrooved Ti substrate can provide an effective surface to promote osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression in MSCs.
Im, Ho-Taek,Won, Jong-Hoen,Cho, Sung-Hee,Lee, Heon-Woo,Park, Wan-Su,Rew, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Kyung-Tae The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.5
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cetirizine HCl tablets, Zyrtec tablet (UCB Pharm. Co., Ltd. Korea, reference product) and Zyrix tablet (Kukje Pharm. Co., Ltd., Korea, test product), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). After adding an internal standard (diazepam), plasma samples were extracted using 1 mL of dichloromethane. Compounds extracted were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with ultra-violet detector. This method for determination cetirizine is proved accurate and reproducible with a limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL in male plasma. Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the cetirizine HCl dose of 10 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of cetirizine were monitored for over a period of 24 hr after the administration. AUC (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptable range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 $(e.g.,\;log\;0.93-log\;1.08\;for\;AUC_{0-t},\;log\;0.91-log\;1.08\;for\;AUC_{0-{\infty}}\;and\;log\;1.01-log\;1.11\;for\;C_{max})$. The major parameters, AUC and $C_{max}$ met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that Zyrix tablet is bioequivalent to Zyrtec tablet.
Annihilation Behavior of Planar Defects on Phosphorus-Doped Silicon at Low Temperatures
Im, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Yong In,Jeong, Myoungho,Park, Kwang Wuk,Kim, Sung Kyu,Yuk, Jong Min,Nam, Woo Hyun,Kim, Sang Yun,Lee, Kong-Soo,Im, Ki-Vin American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.17 No.5
<P>The planar defect behavior and phosphorus (P) diffusion of P-doped silicon (Si) thin film on monocrystalline Si with annealing was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These images indicate that the as-deposited Si thin film crystallizes with many planar defects, such as stacking faults and twin boundaries. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and atom probe tomography reveal that P atoms are segregated to the planar defects and diffuse out the Si substrate at 600 degrees C. The solubility of P atoms has an influence on the rearrangement of Si atoms, which leads to the annihilation of the defects in the deposited si thin flim</P>
Spatholobus suberectus inhibits osteoclastogenesis and stimulates chondrogenesis.
Im, Nam-Kyung,Lee, Sung-Gyu,Lee, Dong-Sung,Park, Pil-Hoon,Lee, In-Seon,Jeong, Gil-Saeng Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2014 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.42 No.5
<P>This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SS) on the protection of chondral defect and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. To examine these effects, we measured the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and performed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in bone marrow macrophage (BMM)-derived osteoclasts. To investigate the anti-osteoarthritis (OA) effects, we assessed TNF-α-induced MMP-1, -3, -9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression levels in SW1353 cells. We observed that SS extract significantly inhibited MMP and TIMP expression in SW1353 cells. Also, SS extract inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. These results suggest that SS extract may have a potential in the treatment of bone loss and chondral defect by suppressing osteoclast differentiation and decreasing the expression of OA factors. Therefore, clarification of the mechanism of the action of SS extract and its active components is needed.</P>