Administrative Reform in Decentralization and Globalization for the Twenty - first Century

Lee, Sung Bok 한국지방행정연구원 1999 地方行政硏究 Vol.13 No.2

CHANGES IN MACULAR THICKNESS AFTER PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND NO MACULAR EDEMA

LEE, SUNG BOK,YUN, YONG JUN,KIM, SANG HYUK,KIM, JUNG YEUL The Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc. 2010 Retina Vol.30 No.5

PURPOSE:: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in macular thickness after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy (DR) without macular edema and to compare the visual acuity outcomes. METHODS:: This prospective cohort study included 30 patients with severe nonproliferative DR or non–high-risk proliferative DR whose visual acuity was ≥0.8 before PRP. Sixty eyes of 30 patients with severe nonproliferative DR or non–high-risk proliferative DR received biweekly PRP treatment in 4 sessions. Macular thickness and visual acuity were measured before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRP. RESULTS:: The visual acuities were 0.02 ± 0.11 before PRP and 0.04 ± 0.11, 0.04 ± 0.07, 0.02 ± 0.07, and 0.04 ± 0.08 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRP, respectively (P > 0.05 for each). Central macular thickness was increased at 1 (223.3 ± 40.6 μm), 3 (216.8 ± 23.5 μm), 6 (219.4 ± 33.1 μm), and 12 months (220.4 ± 17.3 μm) after PRP compared with that before PRP (199.0 ± 20.9 μm; P < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSION:: Biweekly PRP (1,200–1,600 spots) had no effect on visual acuity in patients with severe DR without macular edema, which was determined by clinical and optical coherence tomography examination, although mild macular thickening frequently persists.

Improvement of Condensation Performance in Corridor Type Apartment Door

Lee, Sungbok,Hwang, Hajin Architectural Institute of Korea 2008 Architectural research Vol.10 No.1

Condensation has mainly occurred in corridor type apartment door which is exposed to the outside air and is made of steel, which has high thermal conductivity. As a result, the total costs of repair have increased with the number of disputes with residents. In this study, therefore, we investigate materials and construction methods used in apartment door, perform a computer simulation to find out possible improvements, and then suggest the dew point to prevent the occurrence of condensation throughout simulation. The results indicate that the temperature that condensation does not occur is $15.4^{\circ}C$, and the optimum method of achieving this dew point is shown to be a door frame system including a large vertical slot to decrease the area of thermal conduction between the outer and inner portions of the door frame. Mock-up tests show that the surface temperature of the door frame was higher than the dew point, and the system can withstand severe cold conditions of $-20^{\circ}C$. In application test, the surface temperature of door frame with vertical slots is $5.9^{\circ}C$in average, which is higher than the existing door frame. Furthermore, in the temperature distribution of the surrounding door measured with infrared ray camera, the existing door shows the high temperature distribution indicating lack of insulation, but the improved door shows the low temperature distribution indicating higher insulation.

Joint Information and Energy Packet Scheduling in Wireless Powered Sensor Network

LEE, Sungbok,PARK, Jaehyun,LEE, Jonghyeok 'Institute of Electronics, Information and Communi 2018 IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.eb101 No.2

THE EFFECT OF MYDRIATICS ON POSTERIOR SYNECHIA AFTER COMBINED PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY, PHACOEMULSIFICATION, AND INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION

LEE, SUNG BOK,LEE, DEOK GOO,KWAG, JOO YOUNG,KIM, JUNG YEUL The Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc. 2009 Retina Vol.29 No.8

PURPOSE:: To compare short-acting mydriatics versus long-acting mydriatics and to assess their effect on postoperative frequency and severity of posterior synechia after combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation. METHODS:: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 69 eyes of 69 patients who received a combined operation by the same surgeon for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and cataracts. The mean follow-up period in both groups was 43 weeks. The frequency and severity of posterior synechia were analyzed at baseline and over a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS:: Of the 69 eyes, 29.7% (11 of 37) in the long-acting mydriatic group versus 9.4% (3 of 32) in the short-acting mydriatic group had developed posterior synechia. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.036). Additionally, when the severity of posterior synechia was measured in hour units, there was a statistically significant difference in severity between the 2 groups (long-acting mydriatic group, 0.76 ± 1.52 hours; short-acting mydriatic group, 0.13 ± 0.42 hours; P = 0.020). CONCLUSION:: The frequency and severity of posterior synechia after a combined operation may be reduced by the use of a short-acting mydriatic.

Erratum - Clinical outcome of immediately and early loaded implants with laser treated surface: a 3-year retrospective study

Leesungbok R,Seo JH,Cho SA 대한치과보철학회 2024 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.16 No.1

erratum

What do we know about mouthguards? (Report of the 1st International Sports Dentistry Workshop, 2016)

( Richard Leesungbok ),( Jeff Lloyd ),( Yoshinobu Maeda ),( Tomotaka Takeda ) 국제태권도학회 2017 International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies Vol.2017 No.-

Purpose: Our goal is to one day formulate consensus statements related to these questions, which will be based on current scientific evidence-based research, to motivate the international community of the importance of dentally fitted laminated mouthguards and the wearing of them by athletes of all sports. Methods: The 1st International Sports Dentistry Workshop took place in Honolulu, Hawaii, July 26-27, 2016. It was composed of sixteen sports dentists from Japan, Korea, Australia and the USA, who began their work months before the workshop by dividing up into four small groups and developing questions about their assigned topic. The topics were: ㆍ What do we know about mouthguards? ㆍ What do we know about mouthguards and impact force? ㆍ What do we know about mouthguards and performance enhancement? ㆍ What do we know about sports drinks and nutrition? The group searched the literature for current scientific evidence-based articles to try to find answers to questions that they had developed. The body of the work was then reviewed at the Hawaii workshop. Overall, the group shared the following concerns about some of the topics: ㆍ the age of the research could have been more current ㆍ there was a general lack of scientific evidence-based research ㆍ there were conflicting results from researchers on similar topics. It is the intention of the group to continue to meet and search for new scientific evidence-based literature so that consensus statements can eventually be formulated for these topics. Results: The purpose of the international sports dentistry workshop was to formulate and answer leading questions relevant to mouthguards and their use in sports. Dentally fitted laminated mouthguards worn on the upper jaw offer the best protection when compared with the “boil and bite” design in trauma prevention. Workshop collaboration in combination with scientific evidence suggests mouthguard design requires strict adherence to specific dimensions in order to reduce the effects of impact force. On the contrary, there was no difference in effectiveness of reducing impact force to the head with or without a mouthguard without clenching teeth. Mouthguards can attribute to enhancement of postural control and muscle performance during teeth clenching. Additionally, consumption of sports drinks prior to mouthguard use increases places athletes at a higher risk for dental caries. Conclusions: Collectively it was felt amongst all of the participants that more current research with more uniform controls (use of a dentally laminated mouthguard) would be most beneficial in the evaluation of more current scientific evidence based research and facilitate an international consensus statement regarding mouthguards that hopefully could promote more mandated usage internationally.

Clinical outcome of immediately and early loaded implants with laser treated surface: a 3-year retrospective study

Richard Leesungbok,Jin-Ho Seo,Sung-Am Cho 대한치과보철학회 2018 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.10 No.2

PURPOSE. The marginal bone loss of implants with laser treated surface was investigated after six weeks of loading after implant installation to the mandible molar area. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 23 implants were placed in the edentulous molar area of the mandible: 13 implants were immediately loaded and 10 implants were early loaded. The implants used were made of titanium grade 23, screw shaped, 4.2 mm in diameter, and 10 mm in length. Patients were evaluated with resonance frequency analysis at implant fixture installation and 1, 2 (final prosthesis installation), 3, 5, 8, and 14 months later. X-rays were taken at 2 months after fixture installation and 1, 2, 3 years after to measure the marginal bone loss. RESULTS. The mean ISQ value measured at the implant installation was over 70 at all-time points. The average of marginal bone loss was average 0.33 mm. CONCLUSION. Immediate implant loading for laser treated implants would be possible.

Specific Temporal Culturing and Microgroove Depth Influence Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Grown on Titanium Substrata

( Richard Leesungbok ),( Suk Won Lee ),( Su Jin Ahn ),( Kyung Hee Kim ),( Su Hee Jung ),( Soo Jeong Park ),( Do Yun Lee ),( Dae Hyeok Yang ),( Il Keun Kwon ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2012 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.9 No.3

The purpose of this study is two-fold: to compare differences in the development of osteoblast differentiation processes between human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human periodontal ligament cells (PLCs) cultured on microgrooved titanium (Ti) substrata and to investigate the effects of microgroove depth on PLCs` osteoblast differentiation. Using photolithography, 60 μm-wide and 10 or 20 μm-deep microgrooves were fabricated on the Ti substrata (NE60/10 or NE60/20). Subsequent acid etching was applied to the fabricated microgrooved Ti to yield the etched microgrooves (E60/10 and E60/20). Smooth and acid-etched Ti were used as the controls(NE0 and E0). Alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular calcium deposition assays were performed after various timelines of culture on both MSCs and PLCs grown on NE0 and E60/10. For PLCs cultured on NE0, NE60/10, NE60/20, E0, E60/10 and E60/20, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation were determined, followed by the analysis on various osteogenic gene expressions. By comparing the extracellular matrix maturation and mineralization processes on smooth and microgrooved Ti substrata, it was determined that PLCs require more time for osteoblast differentiation than MSCs. Also, E60/10 allowed for the highest levels of adhesion, proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and osteogenic gene expression by PLCs. PLCs could be an excellent alternative to MSCs for use in future studies investigating cellular processes using microgrooved Ti substrata and other modified surfaces. Optimal Ti microgroove dimensions and osteogenic differentiation timelines are necessary to promote various cellular activities in human PLCs.

맞춤형 마우스가드의 효능과 실제

이성복(Richard Leesungbok) 대한치과의사협회 2015 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.53 No.9

The aim of this document is to evaluate the effect of bite balance on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of occlusal appliance including mouthguards on physical performances. We all remember that day when the prominent athlete was in the news wearing a mouthguard to improve human athletic performance. I once had investigated the determinants of athletic performance in all sorts of sports. Most of the studies had overinterpretation of results and lack of evidence to support the information. However, I discovered great expectations for new possibility in this field and settled for a more academic approach to this intriguing subject. The followings are some examples of the subject 1. Archers who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 2~3mm increased their ability to focus and to maintain good sense of balance. Their accuracy rate has been improved. The appliance was made of acrylic resin (a type of plastic). 2. Canoe players who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 5mm surpassed longtime competitor and won the race with 10 seconds gap. 3. A cycle rider who wore an occlusal appliance to treat his malocclusion surpassed his old record from 10.8 seconds to 10.3 seconds. His muscle reflexes (anaerobic exercise) and endurance (aerobic exercise) has been enhanced. 4. Occlusal appliances had a good effect on athletic performance in most sports such as swimming, diving, and weightlifting. As for the clenching on dentition, people clench their teeth when they push their physical and mental limits during sports activities. Clenching can be induced by physical exertion when maximum muscle strength is retained and this is similarly found in different types of exercises. In addition, restraint of respiratory function is observed. Therefore, creating a occlusal balance with occlusal appliance or mouthguard promoted a favorable influence when an athlete clenches.