Satellite and Ground-Based Remote Sensing of Aerosols during Intense Haze Event of October 2013 over Lahore, Pakistan

Salman Tariq,Zia-ul-Haq,Muhammad Ali 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.1

Due to increase in population and economic development, the mega-cities are facing increased haze events which are causing important effects on the regional environment and climate. In order to understand these effects, we require an in-depth knowledge of optical and physical properties of aerosols in intense haze conditions. In this paper an effort has been made to analyze the microphysical and optical properties of aerosols during intense haze event over mega-city of Lahore by using remote sensing data obtained from satellites (Terra/Aqua Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)) and ground based instrument (AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)) during 6-14 October 2013. The instantaneous highest value of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is observed to be 3.70 on 9 October 2013 followed by 3.12 on 8 October 2013. The primary cause of such high values is large scale crop residue burning and urban-industrial emissions in the study region. AERONET observations show daily mean AOD of 2.36 which is eight times higher than the observed values on normal day. The observed fine mode volume concentration is more than 1.5 times greater than the coarse mode volume concentration on the high aerosol burden day. We also find high values (~0.95) of Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) on 9 October 2013. Scatter-plot between AOD (500 nm) and Angstrom exponent (440-870 nm) reveals that biomass burning/urban-industrial aerosols are the dominant aerosol type on the heavy aerosol loading day over Lahore. MODIS fire activity image suggests that the areas in the southeast of Lahore across the border with India are dominated by biomass burning activities. A Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model backward trajectory showed that the winds at 1000 m above the ground are responsible for transport from southeast region of biomass burning to Lahore. CALIPSO derived sub-types of aerosols with vertical profile taken on 10 October 2013 segregates the wide spread aerosol burden as smoke, polluted continental and dust aerosols.

Biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto immobilized Ficus religiosa branch powder in a fixed bed column: Breakthrough curves and mathematical modeling

Madiha Tariq,Umar Farooq,Makshoof Athar,Muhammad Salman,Muqaddas Tariq 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.1

We investigated the adsorption potential of powdered branches from Ficus religiosa, an abundantly available plant, for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution via column studies. Biomass was used as silica immobilized form and characterized using available techniques, including Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Breakthrough curve approach was used to explain removal capacity of biomass in a continuous flow mode, using different operating parameters like bed height (5-30 cm), inlet metal concentration (100-300mg/L) and pH (3-5) of the solution, at a fixed flow rate of 2mL/min. Biosorption of Cu(II) favored with increased service time (breakthrough and exhaust time) of the column with an increase in pH of inlet solution. Maximum biosorption capacity (17.5mg/g) for Cu(II) was achieved at 5 cm bed height, pH 5 and 300 mg/L influent Cu(II) concentration. Findings suggested that Ficus religiosa branch powder takes less service time and thus triggers fast removal of metal ions. Bed depth service time (BDST), Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were effectively applied to the breakthrough data. The study indicated that the immobilized powdered branches could be used for the effective removal of Cu(II) ions in a continuous flow mode.

LPV Modeling and Tracking Control of Dissimilar Redundant Actuation System for Civil Aircraft

Salman Ijaz,Mirza Tariq Hamayun,Haris Anwaar,Lin Yan,Ming Kuo Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3

Dissimilar redundant actuation systems (DRAS) are in practice in advanced aircraft in order to increasereliability and to resolve the actuator failure issue due to common cause. This paper addresses the problem offorce fighting that occurs due to dynamics mismatch of two dissimilar actuators in DRAS and provides a method toachieve precise tracking of aircraft control surface. The nonlinear system dynamics are first transformed into linearparameter varying (LPV) form using recursive least square (RLS) method. The LPV observer based controller isthen designed to synchronize the positions of dissimilar actuators in DRAS and to drive the control surface smoothly. By applying linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), parameter dependent Lyapunov function (PDLF) is obtained toachieve global stability and to compute the controller and observer gains. To test controller according to realflight condition, an external disturbance signal that acts as air load is applied at the control surface input. Severalsimulations on the nonlinear system validate the dominant performance of proposed controller as compared to theexisting methods in literature.

Fractional Order Modeling and Control of Twin Rotor Aero Dynamical System using Nelder Mead Optimization

Salman Ijaz,Mirza Tariq Hamayun,Lin Yan,Muhammad Faisal Mumtaz 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.6

This paper presents an application of fractional order controller for the control of multi input multi output twin rotor aerodynamic system. Dynamics of the considered system are highly nonlinear and there exists a significant cross-coupling between the horizontal and vertical axes (pitch & yaw). In this paper, a fractional order model of twin rotor aerodynamic system is identified using input output data from nonlinear system. Based upon identified fractional order model, a fractional order PID controller is designed to control the angular position of level bar of twin rotor aerodynamic system. The parameters of controller are tuned using Nelder-Mead optimization and compared with particle swarm optimization techniques. Simulation results on the nonlinear model show a significant improvement in the performance of fractional order PID controller as compared to a classical PID controller.

Fractional Order Modeling and Control of Twin Rotor Aero Dynamical System using Nelder Mead Optimization

Ijaz, Salman,Hamayun, Mirza Tariq,Yan, Lin,Mumtaz, Muhammad Faisal The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.6

This paper presents an application of fractional order controller for the control of multi input multi output twin rotor aerodynamic system. Dynamics of the considered system are highly nonlinear and there exists a significant cross-coupling between the horizontal and vertical axes (pitch & yaw). In this paper, a fractional order model of twin rotor aerodynamic system is identified using input output data from nonlinear system. Based upon identified fractional order model, a fractional order PID controller is designed to control the angular position of level bar of twin rotor aerodynamic system. The parameters of controller are tuned using Nelder-Mead optimization and compared with particle swarm optimization techniques. Simulation results on the nonlinear model show a significant improvement in the performance of fractional order PID controller as compared to a classical PID controller.

A Study of Aerosol Properties over Lahore (Pakistan) by Using AERONET Data

Muhammad Ali,Salman Tariq,Khalid Mahmood,Asim Daud,Adila Batool,Zia-ul-Haq 한국기상학회 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.50 No.2

It is well established that aerosols affect the climate in avariety of ways. In order to understand these effects, we require aninsight into the properties of aerosols. In this paper we present a studyof aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), singlescattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) overmega city of Lahore (Pakistan). The data from Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET) have been used for the period December 2009 toOctober 2011. The seasonal average values of AOD, asymmetryparameter (ASY) and volume size distribution in coarse mode wereobserved to be highest in summer. On the other hand, the averagevalues of Angstrom exponent (AE) and imaginary part of refractiveindex (RI) were found to be maximum in winter. The average valueof real part of RI was found to be higher in spring than in all otherseasons. The SSA exhibited an increasing trend with wavelength inthe range 440 nm - 1020 nm in spring, summer and fall indicating thedominance of coarse particles (usually dust). However, a decreasingtrend was found in winter in the range 675 nm - 1020 nm pointingtowards the dominance of biomass and urban/industrial aerosols. Asfar as aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) is concerned, we have foundthat during the spring season ARF was lowest at the surface of Earthand highest at top of the atmosphere (TOA). This indicates that theatmosphere was warmer in spring than in all the remaining seasons.

A Compact Wall-Climbing and Surface Adaptation Robot for Non-Destructive Testing

Hernando Leon-Rodriguez,Salman Hussain,Tariq Sattar 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

This paper describes the design of an umbilical-free mobile non-destructive testing (NDT) climbing robot for industrial applications that is capable of inspecting oil tanks, pipelines, petro-chemical tanks, bridges, railways, etc. The mechanical design is based on a wheeled mobile robot with magnetic adhesion forces optimised with flux concentrators. The robot carries a NDT wheel probe in order to detect weld defects, wall thickness and corrosion. The robot adapts to surface curvatures (both convex and concave and both along its length and width) and can make transitions between surfaces that have an angle of up to ninety degrees between them. The robot and an on-board NDT Flaw Detector are controlled remotely via wireless communication. Higher level commands remotely adjust NDT parameters, robot speeds, and control inspection tasks from the ground.

Safety and efficacy of bendamustine in the conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma

Munira Shabbir-Moosajee,Samad Jehangir,Sobiya Sawani,Tariq Muhammed,Natasha Ali,Usman Sheikh,Salman Adil 대한혈액학회 2019 Blood Research Vol.54 No.2

BackgroundBendamustine is an attractive option for the management of both de novo and relapsed lymphomas. It is being increasingly used in the conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) and can be an alternative to the traditionally-used carmustine. In this study, we aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of bendamustine in the con-ditioning regimen for autologous SCT in refractory/relapsed lymphomas.MethodsWe designed a descriptive study to evaluate bendamustine in combination with etopo-side, cytarabine, and melphalan (BeEAM) in the conditioning regimen for autologous SCT.ResultsFourteen patients (median age, 28 yr) with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) (N=8), non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) (N=5), or peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) (N=1) were included in the study. A median number of 5.95×106CD34+ cells/kg were transfused. Median times to absolute neutrophil count and platelet engraftment were 17 days and 24 days, respectively. The 100-day transplantation mortal-ity rate was 28% (4 patients). Eight patients (57.14%) had GII-III acute kidney injury, four patients (28.5%) had GIII-IV hyperbilirubinemia, and twelve patients (85%) had GII-III diarrhea. After 3 months, 37% (5 patients) and 21.4% (3 patients) demonstrated complete response and partial response, respectively. The median follow-up was 5.5 months (15 days‒19 mo). At the final follow-up, 7 patients (50%) were alive and in CR.ConclusionOur study showed that bendamustine is a potentially toxic agent in the conditioning regi-men for autologous SCT, resulting in significant liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal toxicity. Further studies are required to assess its safety and efficacy at reduced doses.