Writing World History: Which World?

Salles, Jean-Francois The Asian Association of World Historians 2015 The Asian review of world histories Vol.3 No.1

Far from being a recent world, the concept of "a [one] world" did slowly emerged in a post-prehistoric Antiquity. The actual knowledge of the world increased through millennia leaving aside large continents (Americas, part of Africa, Australia, etc.-most areas without written history), and writing history in Antiquity cannot be a synchronal presentation of the most ancient times of these areas. Through a few case studies dealing with texts, archaeology and history itself mostly in BCE times, the paper will try to perceive the slow building-up of a physical awareness and 'moral' consciousness of the known world by people of the Middle East (e.g. the Bible, Gilgamesh) and the Mediterranean (mainly Greeks).

Genetic variability of six indigenous goat breeds using major histocompatibility complex-associated microsatellite markers

Patricy de Andrade Salles,Silvana C. Santos,Davide Rondina,Mathias Weller 대한수의학회 2011 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.12 No.2

The present study aimed at analyzing the genetic variability of indigenous goat breeds (Capra hircus) using the MHC-associated microsatellite markers BF1, BM1818, BM1258, DYMS1, and SMHCC1. The following breeds were included: Chinese Xuhuai, Indian Changthangi and Pashmina, Kenyan Small East African (SEA) and Galla, and Albanian Vendi. To examine genetic variability, the levels of heterozigosity, degrees of inbreeding, and genetic differences among the breeds were analyzed. The mean number of alleles ranged from nine in the Galla to 14.5 in the Vendi breed. The mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity varied from 0.483 in the Vendi to 0.577 in the Galla breed, and from 0.767 in the SEA to 0.879 in the Vendi breed, respectively. Significant loss of heterozygosity (p < 0.01) indicated that these loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean FIS values ranged from 0.3299 in the SEA to 0.4605 in the Vendi breed with a mean value of 0.3623 in all breeds (p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 7.14% and 4.74% genetic variation existed among the different breeds and geographic groups, whereas 92.86% and 95.26% existed in the breeds and the geographic groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The microsatellite marker analysis disclosed a high degree of genetic polymorphism. Loss of heterozygosity could be due to genetic drift and endogamy. The genetic variation among populations and geographic groups does not indicate a correlation of genetic differences with geographic distance.

Performance Evaluation of Disruption Tolerant Networks on Warships’ Tactical Messages for Secure Transmissions

Davi Falcão,Ronaldo Salles,Paulo Maranhão 한국통신학회 2021 Journal of communications and networks Vol.23 No.6

Disruption tolerant networks (DTN) are an evolutionof mobile adhoc networks (MANET) working in scenarios wherenodes are sparsely distributed, with low density, connectionsare intermittent and end-to-end infrastructure is not accessible. Therefore, DTNs are recommended for high latency applicationsthat can last from hours to days. The maritime scenario hascharacteristics that would justify the use of DTN networks,but the concern with data security is also a relevant aspectin such scenarios. Thus, this paper proposes to evaluate theDTN approach in the maritime Scenario involving warships andhelicopters, for sending tactical messages, taking into considerationsecurity aspects at the perimeters where contacts occur. Weset up a simulation experiment to compare the performance ofEpidemic, Spray and Wait, and Direct Delivery protocols in threescenarios with different sizes. We also propose the application ofdiscriminant analysis as a classification technique to select secureconnections to improve the security of the DTN architecture.

Bilateral Pallidotomy for Dystonia with Glutaric Aciduria Type 1

Hwang, Hyung-Sik,Salles, Antonio De The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2005 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.38 No.5

Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an inborn error of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan metabolism caused by deficiency of glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The disease often appears in infancy with encephalopathy episode that results in acute basal ganglia and white matter degeneration. The majority of patients develop a dystonic-dyskinetic syndrome. This reports 6year-old boy who had been done previous gastrostomy due to swallowing difficulty underwent bilateral pallidotomy with intraoperative electromyography[EMG] monitoring for disabling dystonia. Intraoperative EMG was used to assess stimulation thresholds required for capsular responses and muscle tone. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on the face and cricopharyngeal muscles. Exact target were directly modified according to MRI-visualized anatomy. EMG response was consistently seen prior to visual observation of muscle activity. The surgery improved dystonic symptoms without swallowing difficulty.

Building Science, Technology, and Research Capacity in Developing Countries

Kleinsy Bonilla,Sergio Salles-Filho,Adriana Bin 과학기술정책연구원 2018 STI Policy Review Vol.9 No.1

Developing countries face numerous challenges in the process of building science, technology, and research capacity; in particular, the formation and accumulation of skilled S&T workforce. The lack of organized and sustainable higher education options (Master and Doctoral programs), nonexistent or low-quality academic programs, and the absence of research-oriented study options are some of the strong contributors for talented students to emigrate to developed countries. At the same time, the consolidation of a global knowledge economy, the internationalization of higher education, and the competition to attract foreign talent in industrialized countries present challenges for underdeveloped nations to retain their already scarce skilled human resources. In this context, student mobility has been used as a policy mechanism to cope with S&T workforce shortages in S&T laggard nations. It has also enabled opportunities for international cooperation to play a key role. While significant literature has been devoted to studying the gains of developed nations with the arrival and potential migration of the mobilized students, few scholarly inquiries have addressed the benefits and losses experienced by their countries of origin. More importantly, limited research can be found on policy options and policy implications for developing countries to deal with the dilemmas presented by the brain-drain/brain-circulation debate. The goal of this article is to study empirical evidence of an international cooperation initiative for student mobility between the Republic of Korea and Guatemala (implemented during 2009–2015). The paper analyzes this particular international cooperation experience from the perspective of the different actors involved and attempts to draw policy implications and policy options for developing countries to deal with potential risks and gains derived from international mobility for their S&T capacity building.

Inter-Racial, Gender and Aging Influences in the Length of Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure Line

Lee, Tae-One,Hwang, Hyung-Sik,Salles, Antonio De,Mattozo, Carios,Pedroso, Alessandra G,Behnke, Eric The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2008 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.43 No.2

Objective: The length of anterior-posterior commissure (AC-PC) in racial groups, age, gender of patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and pallidotomy were investigated. Methods: From January 1996 to December 2003, 211 patients were treated with DBS and pallidotomy. There were 160 (76%) Caucasians, 35 (17%) Hispanics, 12 (5%) Asians and 4 Blacks (2%). There were 88 males and 52 females in DBS-surgery group and 44 males, 27 females in pallidotomy group. Mean age was 58 year-old. There were 19 males and 19 females and mean age was 54.7 years in the control group. Measurements were made on MRI and @Target software. Results: The average AC-PC distance was 24.89 mm (range 32 to 19), which increased with aging until 75 years old in Caucasian and also increased with aging in Hispanic, but the AC-PC distance peaked at 45 years old in Hispanic. The order of AC-PC distance were $24.6{\pm}2$ mm in Caucasian, $24.6{\pm}2.24$ mm in Asian, 24.53 mm in Black, $23.6{\pm}1.98$ mm in Hispanic. The average AC-PC distance in all groups was 24.22 mm in female who was mean age of 56.35, 25.28 mm in male who was mean age of 60.19 and $24.5{\pm}2$ mm in control group that was excluded because of the difference of thickness of slice. According to multiple regression analysis, the AC-PC distance was significantly correlated with age, race, and gender. Conclusion: The AC-PC distance is significantly correlated with age, gender, and race. The atlas of functional stereotaxis would be depended on the Variation of indivisual brain that can influenced by aging, gender, and race.

Shift of the Brain during Functional Neurosurgery

Kim, Suk-Min,Hwang, Hyung-Sik,Salles, Antonio De The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2005 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.38 No.5

Objective : The study investigates the extent of brain shift and its effect on the accuracy of the stereotaxic procedure. Methods : Thirty-five patients underwent 40stereotactic procedures between June 2002 and March 2004. There were 26 males, mean age 59years old. There were 34procedures for Parkinson's disease, 2 for essential tremor, 3 for cerebral palsy, 1 for dystonia. Patients were divided in four groups based on postoperative pneumocephalus : under 5cc [9 procedures], between $5{\sim}10cc$ [13procedures], between $10{\sim}15cc$ [11 procedures] and more than 15cc [7procedures]. The coordinates of the anterior commissure[AC], posterior commissure[PC], and target were defined in pre-and intraoperative magnetic resonance image scans and the amount of air volume was measured with @Target (BrainLab, Heimstetten, Germany]. Results : The mean AC-PC was 26.5mm for patients with less than 5cc, 26.9mm for $5{\sim}10cc$, 25.8mm for $10{\sim}15cc$ and 26.2mm for more than 15cc. The length of AC-PC line and coordinates of AC, PC was also not statistically different, Euclidean distance as well as ${\Delta}x$, ${\Delta}y$, ${\Delta}z$ of AC, PC, and target were also not statistically different among the groups [p>,1]. There was a variance in target of $0.7{\sim}7.6mm$, Euclidean distance of 2.5mm, related to electrophysiology but not to brain-shift. Conclusion : The amount of air accumulated in the intracranial space and compressing the cortical surface has no effect on the localization of subcortical stereotactic target and landmarks.

Limited mandibular movements after removal of the mandibular third-molar: use of the anterior bite plane and complementary therapies

Marcelo Palinkas,Regina Maura Arantes Nassar,Mariangela Salles Pereira Nassar,Solange Aparecida Bataglion,César Bataglion,Cássio Edvard Sverzut,Takami Hirono Hotta,Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2012 TANG Vol.2 No.1

The traumatic removal of the mandibular third molar may promote post chirurgic consequences such as orofacial pain and limited mandibular movements. The aim of this case report is to describe the use of an anterior bite plane and complementary therapies (low level laser therapy and acupuncture) to treat the muscular dysfunction and the painful symptoms. A 33 year-old male patient who had a severe malocclusion and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction was submitted to an initial clinical examination: electromyography of the masticatory muscles and IRM of the temporomandibular joint. After treatments, the results showed reduced pain symptoms and an increase of the mandibular movements and adequated electromiographic activities. The authors concluded that the combination therapies may be used as an alternative treatment because it satisfied the functional requirements of the patient and provided an asymptomatic clinical condition.

Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acid during pregnancy modulates DNA methylation at <i>IGF2/H19</i> imprinted genes and growth of infants

Lee, Ho-Sun,Barraza-Villarreal, Albino,Biessy, Carine,Duarte-Salles, Talita,Sly, Peter D.,Ramakrishnan, Usha,Rivera, Juan,Herceg, Zdenko,Romieu, Isabelle American Physiological Society 2014 PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS Vol.46 No.23

<P>Epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes is regarded as a highly plausible explanation for linking dietary exposures in early life with the onset of diseases during childhood and adulthood. We sought to test whether prenatal dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states at birth. This study was based on a randomized intervention trial conducted in Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg of DHA or a placebo from gestation <I>week 18–22</I> to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states at <I>IGF2</I> promoter 3 (<I>IGF2</I> P3), <I>IGF2</I> differentially methylated region (DMR), and <I>H19</I> DMR in cord blood mononuclear cells of the DHA-supplemented group (<I>n</I> = 131) and the control group (<I>n</I> = 130). In stratified analyses, DNA methylation levels in <I>IGF2</I> P3 were significantly higher in the DHA group than the control group in preterm infants (<I>P</I> = 0.04). We also observed a positive association between DNA methylation levels and maternal body mass index; <I>IGF2</I> DMR methylation was higher in the DHA group than the control group in infants of overweight mothers (<I>P</I> = 0.03). In addition, at <I>H19</I> DMR, methylation levels were significantly lower in the DHA group than the control group in infants of normal weight mothers (<I>P</I> = 0.01). Finally, methylation levels at <I>IGF2/H19</I> imprinted regions were associated with maternal BMI. These findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may be modulated by DHA, with potential impacts on child growth and development.</P>

Effects of Weight Loss and Interaction with Physical Activity on Risks of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Claudia R. L. Cardoso,Nathalie C. Leite,Gil F. Salles 대한내분비학회 2023 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.38 No.3

Background: This study investigated the effects of weight loss during follow-up on cardiovascular outcomes in a type 2 diabetescohort and tested interactions with clinical and laboratory variables, particularly physical activity, that could impact the associations. Methods: Relative weight changes were assessed in 651 individuals with type 2 diabetes and categorized as ≥5% loss, <5% loss,or gain. Associations between weight loss categories and incident cardiovascular outcomes (total cardiovascular events [CVEs], major adverse cardiovascular events [MACEs], and cardiovascular mortality) were assessed using multivariable Cox regression withinteraction analyses. Results: During the initial 2 years, 125 individuals (19.2%) lost ≥5% of their weight, 180 (27.6%) lost <5%, and 346 (53.1%) gainedweight. Over a median additional follow-up of 9.3 years, 188 patients had CVEs (150 MACEs) and 106 patients died from cardiovascular causes. Patients with ≥5% weight loss had a significantly lower risk of total CVEs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.89; P=0.011) than those who gained weight, but non-significant lower risks of MACEs or cardiovascular deaths. Patients with <5% weight loss had risks similar to those with weight gain. There were interactions between weight loss and physical activity. In active individuals, ≥5% weight loss was associated with significantly lower risks for total CVEs (HR, 0.20; P=0.004) andMACEs (HR, 0.21; P=0.010), whereas in sedentary individuals, no cardiovascular protective effect of weight loss was evidenced. Conclusion: Weight loss ≥5% may be beneficial for cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly when achieved with regularphysical activity, even in high-risk individuals with long-standing type 2 diabetes.