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Sensitivity of surface characteristics on the simulation of wind-blown-dust source in North America
Park, S.H.,Gong, S.L.,Gong, W.,Makar, P.A.,Moran, M.D.,Stroud, C.A.,Zhang, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.19
Recently, a wind-blown-dust-emission module has been built based on a state-of-the-art wind erosion theory and evaluated in a regional air-quality model to simulate a North American dust storm episode in April 2001 (see Park, S.H., Gong, S.L., Zhao, T.L., Vet, R.J., Bouchet, V.S., Gong, W., Makar, P.A., Moran, M.D., Stroud, C., Zhang, J. 2007. Simulation of entrainment and transport of dust particles within North America in April 2001 (''Red Dust episode''). J. Geophys. Res. 112, D20209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008443). A satisfactorily detailed assessment of that module, however, was not possible because of a lack of information on some module inputs, especially soil moisture content. In this paper, the wind-blown-dust emission was evaluated for two additional dust storms using improved soil moisture inputs. The surface characteristics of the wind-blown-dust source areas in southwestern North America were also investigated, focusing on their implications for wind-blown-dust emissions. The improved soil moisture inputs enabled the sensitivity of other important surface characteristics, the soil grain size distribution and the land-cover, to dust emission to be investigated with more confidence. Simulations of the two 2003 dust storm episodes suggested that wind-blown-dust emissions from the desert areas in southwestern North America are dominated by emissions from dry playas covered with accumulated alluvial deposits whose particle size is much smaller than usual desert sands. As well, the source areas in the northwestern Texas region were indicated to be not desert but rather agricultural lands that were ''activated'' as a wind-blown-dust sources after harvest. This finding calls for revisions to the current wind-blown-dust-emission module, in which ''desert'' is designated to be the only land-cover category that can emit wind-blown dust.
Individual-breed Assignment Analysis in Swine Populations by Using Microsatellite Markers
Fan, B.,Chen, Y.Z.,Moran, C.,Zhao, S.H,Liu, B.,Yu, M.,Zhu, M.J.,Xiong, T.A.,Li, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.11
Individual-breed assignments were implemented in six swine populations using twenty six microsatellites recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Society for Animal Genetics (FAO-ISAG). Most microsatellites exhibited high polymorphisms as shown by the number of alleles and the polymorphism information content. The assignment accuracy per locus obtained by using the Bayesian method ranged from 33.33% (CGA) to 68.47% (S0068), and the accumulated assignment accuracy of the top ten loci combination added up to 96.40%. The assignment power of microsatellites based on the Bayesian method had positive correlations with the number of alleles and the gene differential coefficient ($G_{st}$) per locus, while it has no relationship to genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content per locus and the exclusion probabilities under case II and case III. The percentage of corrected assignment was highest for the Bayesian method, followed by the gene frequency and distancebased methods. The assignment efficiency of microsatellites rose with increase in the number of loci used, and it can reach 98% when using a ten-locus combination. This indicated that such a set of ten microsatellites is sufficient for breed verification purposes.
Effects of black carbon aging on air quality predictions and direct radiative forcing estimation
PARK, S.H.,GONG, S.L.,BOUCHET, V.S.,GONG, W.,MAKAR, P.A.,MORAN, M.D.,STROUD, C.A.,ZHANG, J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.63 No.5
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>An aging scheme for black carbon (BC) aerosol was implemented into a regional air‐quality forecast model to study the impact of BC aging on air quality predictions. Three different assumptions for the mixing state of BC—external mixture, internal mixture and gradual aging—were used to simulate the distribution of BC particles over North America in April 2002. Cloud –condensation nuclei number and BC wet deposition rate increased significantly and BC mass column loading decreased as a result of BC aging. With the gradual aging process incorporated into the model, the comparison of ground level BC concentration predictions with surface observations was slightly improved. Estimation of the average direct radiative forcing of BC over the spatial domain of this study showed that the factor of direct forcing enhancement by BC aging was much smaller than the mixing state effect factor. The effect of increased wet deposition due to aging compensated partially for the effect of increased absorbance suggesting that the change in the hygroscopic properties of BC due to aging must be taken into account to quantify accurately the effect of BC aging on climate.</P>
Kadara, H,Choi, M,Zhang, J.,Parra, E.R.,Rodriguez-Canales, J.,Gaffney, S.G.,Zhao, Z.,Behrens, C.,Fujimoto, J.,Chow, C.,Yoo, Y.,Kalhor, N.,Moran, C.,Rimm, D.,Swisher, S.,Gibbons, D.L.,Heymach, J.,Kafta Elsevier 2017 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.28 No.1
<P>Conclusion(s): Our study highlights molecular and immune phenotypes that warrant further analysis for their roles in clinical outcomes and personalized immune-based therapy of LUAD.</P>
Choi, M.,Kadara, H.,Zhang, J.,Parra, E.R.,Rodriguez-Canales, J.,Gaffney, S.G.,Zhao, Z.,Behrens, C.,Fujimoto, J.,Chow, C.,Kim, K.,Kalhor, N.,Moran, C.,Rimm, D.,Swisher, S.,Gibbons, D.L.,Heymach, J.,Kaf Elsevier 2017 Annals of oncology Vol.28 No.1
<P>Conclusion(s): Our findings pinpoint mutated genes that may impact clinical outcome as well as personalized strategies for targeted immunotherapies in early-stage LUSC.</P>