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C. G. Garay-Reyes,S. E. Hernández-Martínez,J. L. Hernández-Rivera,J. J. Cruz-Rivera,E. J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda,H. J. Dorantes-Rosales,J. Aguilar-Santillan,R. Martínez-Sánchez 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.2
According to Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LSW) and Trans-Interface Diffusion-Controlled (TICD) theoreticalmodels, this paper reports the microstructure and its coarsening behavior of γ' metastable-coherentprecipitates in concentration gradient of Ni-13.75Ti (at%)/Ni generated by diffusion couple. The coarseningof precipitates was evaluated in two different Ti contents (R1-11.4Ti (at%) and R2-13Ti (at%)) generated alongthe concentration gradient and includes average size, size distributions and growth rate. The solvus andmetastable-coherent bimodal lines as determined at 850 °C of 9.16 (at%) and 9.92Ti (at%) respectively byscanning electron microscopy. This paper suggests that elastic strains produced by the matrix/precipitate latticemismatch caused significant deviations between the experimental results and those predicted by the LSW or TIDCtheories. Activation energies for TIDC (Qi) and LSW (Qr) are Qr: 219.69 and 172.61 kJ mol-1for R1 and R2regions, respectively, and Qi: 218.46 and 164.56 kJmol-1for R1 and R2 regions, respectively. A concentration gradientallows the study of various alloys with different concentration and volume-fraction in a single sample.
Robust GPI Control of a New Parallel Rehabilitation Robot of Lower Extremities
Héctor Azcaray,Andrés Blanco,Carlos García,Manuel Adam,Juan Reyes,Gerardo Guerrero,César Guzmán 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.5
In this paper, we propose a new robot for lower limbs rehabilitation by using a parallel structure. The goal of this robot is not only to produce smooth and precise motions for ankle, knee, and hip, but also to support trajectory tracking. Its parallel configuration was based on the four-bar mechanism in order to have a more stable and robust structure. For the kinematic analysis, the length of one bar was considered variable. For the dynamic analysis, the Euler-Lagrange method was used to define the equations of motion. For the robot control, the robust generalized proportional integral (GPI) controller was proposed to guarantee safe rehabilitation movements. This parallel robot not only showed good results, but also showed various movement possibilities for lower limbs rehabilitation.
Mechanosynthesis of graphene nanoribbons from waste zinc–carbon batteries
Martínez-González J.,Reyes-Contreras D.,Vigueras-Santiago Enrique,Patiño-Carachure C.,Reyes-Esqueda J. A.,Castrejón-Sánchez V. H.,García-Orozco I. 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.2
The mechanosynthesis route is a physical top–down strategy to produce different nanomaterials. Here, we report the formation of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) through this route using carbon bars recovered from discarded alkaline batteries as raw material. The mechanosynthesis time (milling time) is shown to have an influence on different features of the GNRs such as their width and edges features. TEM revealed the presence of GNRs with widths of 15.26, 8.8, and 23.55 nm for the milling times of 6, 12, and 18 h, respectively. Additionally, the carbon bars evolved from poorly shaped GNRs for the shortest milling time (6 h) to well-shaped GNRs of oriented sheets forming for the longest milling time. Besides GNRs, graphene sheets (GNS) of different sizes were also observed. The Raman analysis of the 2D bands identified the GNS signal and confirmed the GNRs nature. ID/IG values of 0.21, 0.32, and 0.40 revealed the degree of disorder for each sample. The in-plane sp2 crystallite sizes (La) of graphite decreased to 91, 60, and 48 nm with increasing peeling time. The RBLM band at 288 cm−1 confirmed the formation of the GNRs. Mechanosynthesis is a complex process and the formation of the GNRs is discussed in terms of a mechanical exfoliation, formation of graphene sheets and its fragmentation to reach GNR-like shapes. It is shown that the synthesis of GNRs through the mechanosynthesis route, besides the use of recycled materials, is an alternative for obtaining self-sustaining materials.
C. C. Vispo,N. J. D. G. Reyes,H. S. Choi,M.S. Jeon,L. H. Kim 한국습지학회 2023 한국습지학회지 Vol.25 No.2
인공습지(CW)는 도시 폐수처리를 위한 효과적인 기술로, 물리-화학적 및 생물학적 자연처리과정을 통해 오염 물질 이 제거된다. 본 연구는 서지학적 분석 방법을 통하여 인공습지의 현재까지의 연구 진행 상황과 향후 연구 동향을 조 사하였다. 인공습지를 통한 페수 처리 성능 평가 분석을 위하여 최근 출판된 논문(오픈 액세스 학술지 포함) 100편 을 기반으로 종합적 분석 및 검토를 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 스페인, 중국, 이탈리아, 미국이 논문 출판수가 두드러지 는 것으로 나타났다. 논문에서 가장 많이 사용된 핵심용어는 수질(n=19), 식물 정화(n=13), 강우유출수(n=11), 인(n=11) 순으로 나타났으며, 수질개선과 영양염류 제거에 대한 인공습지의 효율성 관련 연구가 폭넓게 연구되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 검토된 다양한 유형의 인공습지 중 Hybrid 형태의 인공습지가 TSS(95.67%) 및BOD(88.67%)으 로 오염물질 저감효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, VSSF, HSSF는 TSS 제거(83.25% 및 78.83%)에 가장 효과적 인 것으로 조사되었다. VSSF 습지는 가장 높은 COD 제거 효율(71.82%)을 보였다. 일반적으로 인공습지에서 물리적 처리(예: 침전, 여과, 흡착)와 생물학적 메커니즘(예: 생분해)은 TSS, BOD, COD 제거 효율에 영향을 미치기 때문이 다. Hybrid 형태의 인공습지는 호기성 및 혐기성 조건, 다양한 식생 유형, 다양한 매체 구성 등의 다양한 인자와 여러 처리 과정을 통해 미생물 활성도 증가 및 질소 처리를 통해 TN(60.78%)의 높은 저감효과를 보였다. FWS 형태의 인 공습지는 퇴적물에 결합된 인을 침전 및 식물의 흡수를 통해 높은TP 제거효율(54.50%)로 나타났습니다. 일반적으로 인공습지에는 식물 정화 능력이 뛰어난 Phragmites, Cyperus, Iris 및 Typha 이 적용되고 있다. 본 연구는 향후 도시 지역에서 발생되는 폐수 처리를 위한 지속 가능한 대안으로 제시 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective technologies for urban wastewater management, utilizing natural physico-chemical and biological processes to remove pollutants. This study employed a bibliometric analysis approach to investigate the progress and future research trends in the field of CWs. A comprehensive review of 100 most-recently published and open-access articles was performed to analyze the performance of CWs in treating wastewater. Spain, China, Italy, and the United States were among the most productive countries in terms of the number of published papers. The most frequently used keywords in publications include water quality (n=19), phytoremediation (n=13), stormwater (n=11), and phosphorus (n=11), suggesting that the efficiency of CWs in improving water quality and removal of nutrients were widely investigated. Among the different types of CWs reviewed, hybrid CWs exhibited the highest removal efficiencies for BOD (88.67%) and TSS (95.67%), whereas VSSF, and HSSF systems also showed high TSS removal efficiencies (83.25%, and 78.83% respectively). VSSF wetland displayed the highest COD removal efficiency (71.82%). Generally, physical processes (e.g., sedimentation, filtration, adsorption) and biological mechanisms (i.e., biodegradation) contributed to the high removal efficiency of TSS, BOD, and COD in CW systems. The hybrid CW system demonstrated highest TN removal efficiency (60.78%) by integrating multiple treatment processes, including aerobic and anaerobic conditions, various vegetation types, and different media configurations, which enhanced microbial activity and allowed for comprehensive nitrogen compound removal. The FWS system showed the highest TP removal efficiency (54.50%) due to combined process of settling sediment-bound phosphorus and plant uptake. Phragmites, Cyperus, Iris, and Typha were commonly used in CWs due to their superior phytoremediation capabilities. The study emphasized the potential of CWs as sustainable alternatives for wastewater management, particularly in urban areas.
Ultraviolet color-magnitude relation of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster
Kim, S.,Rey, S.-C.,Lisker, T. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Astronomische Nachrichten Vol.330 No.9
<P>We present ultraviolet (UV) color-magnitude relations (CMRs) for dwarf ellipticals (dEs) and dwarf lenticulars (dS0s) in the Virgo cluster. We used the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) GR3 photometric data in far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) passbands combined with SDSS DR5 data. We found that dS0s as well as peculiar dEs (dEs with blue center and disk) found by Lisker et al. (2006a, b) show distinct locus from that of ordinary dEs in UV CMRs. The dS0s and peculiar dEs have bluer UV colors than ordinary dEs at a fixed optical luminosity. Furthermore, UV colors of dEs in outer region of the cluster are systematically bluer than those in inner region. Since UV flux is sensitive to the presence of young stellar population from recent star formation activity, our results suggest that there are different star formation histories among different subsample of early-type dwarf galaxies in Virgo cluster concerning their morphology and environmental effect (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>