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SATELLITE QUENCHING AND GALACTIC CONFORMITY AT 0.3 <<i>z</i>< 2.5
Kawinwanichakij, Lalitwadee,Quadri, Ryan F.,Papovich, Casey,Kacprzak, Glenn G.,Labbé,, Ivo,Spitler, Lee R.,Straatman, Caroline M. S.,Tran, Kim-Vy H.,Allen, Rebecca,Behroozi, Peter,Cowley, Michae American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.817 No.1
박해심,정기석,Kian Fan Chung,Felicia Allen-Ramey,Ryan Pollard,Richard Perry,David Price 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: Smoking has detrimental effects on asthma symptom control and response to treatment and is prevalent among asthma patients in South Korea. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking among asthma patients in South Korea and to compare the medication regimens of asthma patients who do and do not smoke. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2010 to January 2011. Participating physicians (N=25) recorded demographic and clinical data on all asthma patients presenting during the study period (N=2,032), and then recruited a subset of patients (N=500) for the survey such that half were self-reported current smokers. Recruited patients were between the ages of 18 and 60. Results: Among presenting asthma patients, 17.3% were current smokers, 19.2% were former smokers, and 63.5% had never smoked. Within the analyzable study population (N=471), 212 patients reported smoking currently, 79 smoking formerly, and 180 never smoking. Among current and former smokers, 79.7% and 81.0%, respectively, were men, while women represented 80.5% of patients who had never smoked. Agreement was strong between physician-determined smoking status and patient-reported smoking status (κ=0.82; P<0.001). However, asthma medication regimens examined according to GINA treatment steps did not differ by smoking status. In addition, mean quality of life scores and level of asthma control did not differ by smoking status. Conclusions: In South Korea, physicians are well aware of the smoking status of their patients. However, smoking status did not affect the prescribed medication regimens of this population of asthma patients.
Kawakatsu, Taiji,Taramino, Graziana,Itoh, Jun-Ichi,Allen, Justin,Sato, Yutaka,Hong, Soon-Kwan,Yule, Ryan,Nagasawa, Nobuhiro,Kojima, Mikiko,Kusaba, Makoto,Sakakibara, Hitoshi,Sakai, Hajime,Nagato, Yasu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 The Plant journal Vol.58 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Most aerial parts of the plant body are products of the continuous activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Leaves are the major component of the aerial plant body, and their temporal and spatial distribution mainly determines shoot architecture. Here we report the identification of the rice gene <I>PLASTOCHRON3</I> (<I>PLA3</I>)/<I>GOLIATH</I> (<I>GO</I>) that regulates various developmental processes including the rate of leaf initiation (the plastochron). <I>PLA3</I>/<I>GO</I> encodes a glutamate carboxypeptidase, which is thought to catabolize small acidic peptides and produce small signaling molecules. <I>pla3</I> exhibits similar phenotypes to <I>pla1</I> and <I>pla2</I>– a shortened plastochron, precocious leaf maturation and rachis branch-to-shoot conversion in the reproductive phase. However, in contrast to <I>pla1</I> and <I>pla2</I>, <I>pla3</I> showed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged embryo, seed vivipary, defects in SAM maintenance and aberrant leaf morphology. Consistent with these pleiotropic phenotypes, <I>PLA3</I> is expressed in the whole plant body, and is involved in plant hormone homeostasis. Double mutant analysis revealed that <I>PLA1</I>, <I>PLA2</I> and <I>PLA3</I> are regulated independently but function redundantly. Our results suggest that PLA3 modulates various signaling pathways associated with a number of developmental processes.</P>