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Rudi Dungani,Sasa Sofyan MUNAWAR,Tati KARLIATI,Jamaludin MALIK,Pingkan ADITIAWATI,SULISTYONO 한국목재공학회 2022 목재공학 Vol.50 No.4
Activated carbon (AC) derived from coconut shells (CS-AC) was obtained through pyrolysis at 700℃ and subsequently activated with H3PO4. AC was ground in a Wiley mill several times to form powder particles at particle scales of 80, 100, and 200 meshes. The characterization of the AC was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and surface area analysis (SBET). The CS-AC-200 mesh resulted in a higher percentage of mesopores and surface area. This particle size had a larger surface area with angular, irregular, and crushed shapes in the SEM view. The smaller particles had smoother surfaces, less wear, and increased curing depth and ratio of the hardness of the resin composite. Based on the characterization results of the AC, it is evident that CS-AC with a 200 mesh particle size has the potential to be used as a filler in biocomposites.
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Development of Bamboo Zephyr Composite and the Physical and Mechanical Properties
Ihak Sumardi,Eka Mulya ALAMSYAH,Yoyo SUHAYA,Rudi Dungani,Ignasia Maria SULASTININGSIH,Syahdilla Risandra PRAMESTIE 한국목재공학회 2022 목재공학 Vol.50 No.2
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of fiber direction arrangement and layer composition of hybrid bamboo laminate boards on the physical and mechanical properties. The raw material used was tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurs) rope in the form of flat sheets (zephyr) and falcata veneer (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen). Zephyr bamboo was arranged in three layers using water-based isocyanate polymer (WBPI) with a glue spread rate of 300 g/m2. There were variations in the substitution of the core layer with falcata veneers (hybrid) as much as two layers and using a glue spread rate of 170 g/m2. The laminated bamboo board was cold-pressed at a pressure of 22.2 kgf/cm2 for 1 h, and the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the arrangement of the fiber direction significantly affected the dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, shear strength, and screw withdrawal strength. However, the composition of the layers had no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties. The bonding quality of bamboo laminate boards with WBPI was considered to be quite good, as shown by the absence of delamination in all test samples. The bamboo hybrid laminate board can be an alternative based on the physical and mechanical properties that can meet laminated board standards.
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Ihak Sumardi,Anggit Kusuma Dewan DARU,Alfi RUMIDATUL,Rudi Dungani,Yoyo SUHAYA,Neil PRIHANTO,Rudi Hartono 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.1
Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) is used as a building and handicraft material in Indonesia; however, bamboo needs to be dried to increase its stability. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of drying bamboo using solar energy and different drying oven designs. The betung bamboo pieces were dried using a direct solar dryer (direct drying) and an indirect solar dryer (indirect drying) and then the decrease in levels that occurred based on the relative humidity (RH) and temperature values achieved in the two dryers were compared. The highest average temperature in the direct indirect drying oven compartment was 60.1 ± 13.1℃ with 19.9 ± 16.4% RH and 60.2 ± 11.9℃ with 19.5 ± 15.5% RH, respectively. The drying defect in indirect drying was lower than that in direct drying, and indirect drying had a 61.7% greater average water loss than direct drying with significant difference (95%, analysis of variance) based on water loss/compartment volume parameters. Thus, the solar drying oven can be used to air-dry bamboo (14%) for 7 d from an initial moisture content of 70%–80% in bamboo strips. The results of this research can be used for small-scale bamboo processing industries that have limited use of electrical energy with quite good results.
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Abdul Khalil H. P. S.,Tze Kiat Lai,Ying Ying Tye,M. T. Paridah,M. R. Nurul Fazita,A. A. Azniwati,Rudi Dungani,Samsul Rizal 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.2
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) isolated from cheap, fast-growing and abundant accessible Sacred Bali bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladum) was utilized as reinforcement material in the seaweed-based composite film. Isolation of MCC was carried out by using a combination of pulping, bleaching and acid hydrolysis process. This study emphasized on the feasibility of MCC production from Sacred Bali bamboo by studying its properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The commercial-MCC (CMCC) was used as reference material. Results showed that the production yield, moisture content (MC) and fiber length of bamboo-MCC (BMCC) were 83.37±1.48 %, 4.50±0.5 %, and 0.47±0.02 mm, respectively. According to the chemical analysis by FTIR, both lignin and hemicellulose were completely removed from BMCC, and thus, improved the crystallinity (78 %) and thermal stability (≈325 ℃) of BMCC. This study also revealed that MCC produced from Sacred Bali bamboo demonstrated strong mechanical reinforcement effect in the seaweed-based film. Hence, Sacred Bali bamboo-MCC could be used as reinforcement material in the polymer.
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