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Russell, Robert A. 서울대학교 어학연구소 1992 語學硏究 Vol.28 No.4
This paper discusses the role of materials, in general, in the language learning and teaching context. The paper then discusses some of the important characteristics of CALL materials and some of their potential advantages in comparison with conventional materials. Specifically noted are the potential ability of CALL materials to provide the learner with immediate, relevant, highly individualized feedback; the potential relationship of CALL materials to increased levels of motivation and language learning effectiveness and efficiency; the ability of CALL materials to lower the learner’s “affective filter”; the ability of CALL materials to model the use of authentic language in context and to provide the learner with meaningful, communicatively motivated language practice; the ability of CALL materials, potentially, to provide highly cost-effective language instruction; and finally, the ability of CALL materials to allow the learner varying degrees of control over the language learning process, depending on the task and other factors. As with conventional materials, it is important for the language teacher to select or develop CALL materials that are compatible with program objectives and other elements of the instructional system.
ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING OF TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND STRUCTURE CHANGES
Russell L. Elsberry,Robert A. Stenger 한국기상학회 2007 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-
The focus in this paper is on the outer wind structure and structure changes in tropical cyclones. Deviations from traditional wind profiles with radius will occur when secondary eyewalls form, and a recent high-resolution numerical simulation by Terwey and Montgomery (2007) suggests large increases in the radius of 50 kt (R??) and 35 kt (R₃?) winds as a result of a secondary eyewall. Creation of the conditions for an annular hurricane would also imply a large increase in R?? and R₃?. A unique set of H*Wind analyses of the surface wind in the Atlantic during the 2003-2005 seasons is examined to evaluate outer wind structure (R₃₄ and R??) changes. Whereas a small set of H*Wind analyses during the formation stage has the expected increases in R₃₄ values, a considerable percentage of R₃₄ decreases occur during the intensification stages when only increases would be expected. Similarly, a considerable percentage of R₃₄ increases are observed during the decay phase when decreases would be expected, although a forecaster rule-of-thumb is that the tropical cyclone circulation expands during the decay stage. The conclusion is that further study is required to understand the outer wind structure changes during the life cycle of the tropical cyclone. individual storm evolutions using the H*Wind analyses are presently being studied.
Thomas B. Russell,Peter L. Labib,Jemimah Denson,Fabio Ausania,Elizabeth Pando,Keith J. Roberts,Ambareen Kausar,Vasileios K. Mavroeidis,Gabriele Marangoni,Sarah C. Thomasset,Adam E. Frampton,Pavlos Lyk 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is recommended in fit patients with a carcinoma (PDAC) of the pancreatic head, and a delayed resection may affect survival. This study aimed to correlate the time from staging to PD with long-term survival, and study the impact of preoperative investigations (if any) on the timing of surgery. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study, a multicentre retrospective study of PD outcomes. Only PDAC patients who underwent an upfront resection were included. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy were excluded. Group A (PD within 28 days of most recent preoperative computed tomography [CT]) was compared to group B (> 28 days). Results: A total of 595 patents were included. Compared to group A (median CT-PD time: 12.5 days, interquartile range: 6–21), group B (49 days, 39–64.5) had similar one-year survival (73% vs. 75%, p = 0.6), five-year survival (23% vs. 21%, p = 0.6) and median time-todeath (17 vs. 18 months, p = 0.8). Staging laparoscopy (43 vs. 29.5 days, p = 0.009) and preoperative biliary stenting (39 vs. 20 days, p < 0.001) were associated with a delay to PD, but magnetic resonance imaging (32 vs. 32 days, p = 0.5), positron emission tomography (40 vs. 31 days, p > 0.99) and endoscopic ultrasonography (28 vs. 32 days, p > 0.99) were not. Conclusions: Although a treatment delay may give rise to patient anxiety, our findings would suggest this does not correlate with worse survival. A delay may be necessary to obtain further information and minimize the number of PD patients diagnosed with early disease recurrence.
Thomas B. Russell,Peter L. Labib,Paula Murphy,Fabio Ausania,Elizabeth Pando,Keith J. Roberts,Ambareen Kausar,Vasileios K. Mavroeidis,Gabriele Marangoni,Sarah C. Thomasset,Adam E. Frampton,Pavlos Lykou 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: After pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), an early oral diet is recommended; however, the postoperative nutritional management of PD patients is known to be highly variable, with some centers still routinely providing parenteral nutrition (PN). Some patients who receive PN experience clinically significant complications, underscoring its judicious use. Using a large cohort, this study aimed to determine the proportion of PD patients who received postoperative nutritional support (NS), describe the nature of this support, and investigate whether receiving PN correlated with adverse perioperative outcomes. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s study, a retrospective multicenter study of PD outcomes. Results: In total, 1,323 patients (89%) had data on their postoperative NS status available. Of these, 45% received postoperative NS, which was “enteral only,” “parenteral only,” and “enteral and parenteral” in 44%, 35%, and 21% of cases, respectively. Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.03), absence of preoperative biliary stenting (p = 0.009), and serum albumin < 36 g/L (p = 0.009) all correlated with receiving postoperative NS. Among those who did not develop a serious postoperative complication, i.e., those who had a relatively uneventful recovery, 20% received PN. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients who had an uneventful recovery received PN. PN is not without risk, and should be reserved for those who are unable to take an oral diet. PD patients should undergo pre- and postoperative assessment by nutrition professionals to ensure they are managed appropriately, and to optimize perioperative outcomes.
가열처리 및 저장조건에 따른 당근과 시금치퓨레의 Carotenoids 함량변화와 이성질화 형성에 관한 연구
김혜영,임양이,Russell, Robert M. 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Investigations were conducted on the changes in carotenoids content, and quantiflcation of cis-trans-β-carotene Isomers in pureed and cooked carrot and spinach during storage. The isomerization and degradation of carotenoids were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C_30 reversed-phase column with diode-array detection. The results showed that lutein, all-trans-β -carotene, α -carotene, 9-cis-β -carotene and 13-cis-β -carotene were present in carrot and spinach. Zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin were present in raw spinach. The contents of lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, α -carotene and all-trans-β -carotene in pureed and cooked carrot and spinach decreased with increasing storage period. The 9-cis and 13-cis carotenoid isomers were the major types formed in cooked carrot during storage. Cooking was not found to alter the carotenoid profile of the sample, but increased the total amount of carotenoids compared with pured ones. This increase could be explained that cooking itself increased the extraction efficiency and inactivated the enzymes degradating carotenoids.