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Fabian Riquelme,Pablo Gonzalez-Cantergiani 한국라틴아메리카학회 2017 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.30 No.3
In Chile, since the restitution of democracy (1989), the distribution of parliamentary seats is governed by a binomial system, the only one of its kind in the world. In this electoral system, two senators and two deputies are elected for each senatorial constituency and electoral district. By the end of 2017, this system will be replaced by the well-known D’Hondt method, which entails a significant increase in the number of parliamentarians and the redistribution of seats in the legislative chambers. In this study, we discuss the problem of centralism and analyze how this redistribution of seats will affect the voting power of the different regions of the country. To measure the hypothetical voting power of each region we use classical power indices of cooperative game theory. The study shows that although the voting power of the regions in the Senate will remain relatively unchanged, the centralization of power in the Metropolitan Region will be increased in the Chamber of Deputies. Finally, we propose a method to obtain a feasible redistributions of seats, which would effectively increase the voting power of the other regions in the Chamber of Deputies.
Marta E. Alarcon-Riquelme for the BIOLUPUS and GENLES Networks,Lessard, Christopher J.,Adrianto, I.,Ice, John A.,Wiley, Graham B.,Kelly, Jennifer A.,Glenn, Stuart B.,Adler, Adam J.,Li, H.,Rasmussen, A University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2012 American journal of human genetics Vol.90 No.4
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-antigens and dysregulated interferon responses. The etiology of SLE is complex, involving both heritable and environmental factors. Candidate-gene studies and genome-wide association (GWA) scans have been successful in identifying new loci that contribute to disease susceptibility; however, much of the heritable risk has yet to be identified. In this study, we sought to replicate 1,580 variants showing suggestive association with SLE in a previously published GWA scan of European Americans; we tested a multiethnic population consisting of 7,998 SLE cases and 7,492 controls of European, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Gullah, and Amerindian ancestry to find association with the disease. Several genes relevant to immunological pathways showed association with SLE. Three loci exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold: interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8; rs11644034; p<SUB>meta-Euro</SUB> = 2.08 x 10<SUP>-10</SUP>), transmembrane protein 39A (TMEM39A; rs1132200; p<SUB>meta-all</SUB> = 8.62 x 10<SUP>-9</SUP>), and 17q21 (rs1453560; p<SUB>meta-all</SUB> = 3.48 x 10<SUP>-10</SUP>) between IKAROS family of zinc finger 3 (AIOLOS; IKZF3) and zona pellucida binding protein 2 (ZPBP2). Fine mapping, resequencing, imputation, and haplotype analysis of IRF8 indicated that three independent effects tagged by rs8046526, rs450443, and rs4843869, respectively, were required for risk in individuals of European ancestry. Eleven additional replicated effects (5 x 10<SUP>-8</SUP> < p<SUB>meta-Euro</SUB> < 9.99 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP>) were observed with CFHR1, CADM2, LOC730109/IL12A, LPP, LOC63920, SLU7, ADAMTSL1, C10orf64, OR8D4, FAM19A2, and STXBP6. The results of this study increase the number of confirmed SLE risk loci and identify others warranting further investigation.
C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela,A. Riquelme,P. Rodrigo,J. Rams 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2
The difficulty of getting a correct distribution of the reinforcement in the metal matrix and the complexity for achievinga good-metallurgy matrix-reinforcement bonding has limited the development of additive manufacturing of metal matrixcomposites. This research proposes the use of a reactive atmosphere during the fabrication process to obtain titanium matrixcomposites reinforced with TiN. The relation between the carrying gas and the process parameters used with the presence ofporous and defects, the microstructure, and microhardness has been obtained. Nitrogen was used as the carrying gas of thetitanium powder. Under laser irradiation, the particles melt and react with nitrogen, resulting in the formation of a titaniummatrix composite highly reinforced with TiN. The composite obtained had a microhardness increase between 50 and 100%in comparison with titanium samples fabricated in the same conditions in an argon atmosphere. Three reaction mechanismshave been proposed to take place in the microstructure, depending on the amount of nitrogen in the titanium particles, andits diffusion in them during the manufacture.
Ti6Al4V/SiC Metal Matrix Composites Additively Manufactured by Direct Laser Deposition
C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela,A. Riquelme,V. Bonache,P. Rodrigo,J. Rams 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.12
Nowadays, research on additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy is growing exponentially but there are just a few studiesabout additive manufacturing of metal matrix composite components. In this work, highly reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix compositeswith SiC particles have been additively manufactured by direct laser deposition (DLD). Ti6Al4V powder and SiCparticles have been deposited layer by layer to form an additive thin wall structure. The geometry, microstructure, and microhardnessof the samples are strongly influenced by the laser scanning speed used during de fabrication process. In addition,the effect of the SiC increment in reinforcement concentrations and the influence of SiC particle sizes in the microstructurehave been evaluated, and the reaction mechanisms have been established. The percentage of reinforcement measured is lowerthan expected due to the reinforcement-matrix reactivity that results in partially dissolved SiC particles and the formationof a TiC and Si5Ti3ring around them. The size and number of particles and reaction products depend on the initial size andpercentage of reinforcement and the DLD scanning speed. The higher the size and percentage of SiC particles and reactionproducts in the matrix, the higher the hardening effect of the composite matrix.
C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela,A. Riquelme,P. Rodrigo,J. Rams 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.3
The difficulty of getting a correct distribution of the reinforcement in the metal matrix and the complexity for achievinga good-metallurgy matrix-reinforcement bonding has limited the development of additive manufacturing of metal matrixcomposites. This research proposes the use of a reactive atmosphere during the fabrication process to obtain titanium matrixcomposites reinforced with TiN. The relation between the carrying gas and the process parameters used with the presence ofporous and defects, the microstructure, and microhardness has been obtained. Nitrogen was used as the carrying gas of thetitanium powder. Under laser irradiation, the particles melt and react with nitrogen, resulting in the formation of a titaniummatrix composite highly reinforced with TiN. The composite obtained had a microhardness increase between 50 and 100%in comparison with titanium samples fabricated in the same conditions in an argon atmosphere. Three reaction mechanismshave been proposed to take place in the microstructure, depending on the amount of nitrogen in the titanium particles, andits diffusion in them during the manufacture.
Kim, Kwangwoo,Brown, Elizabeth E,Choi, Chan-Bum,Alarc?n-Riquelme, Marta E,Kelly, Jennifer A,Glenn, Stuart B,Ojwang, Joshua O,Adler, Adam,Lee, Hye-Soon,Boackle, Susan A,Criswell, Lindsey A,Alarc?n, Gra British Medical Association 2012 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Vol.71 No.11
<P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OMIM 152700) is a chronic autoimmune disease for which the aetiology includes genetic and environmental factors. ITGAM, integrin α(M) (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit) encoding a ligand for intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) proteins, is an established SLE susceptibility locus. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint effects of genetic variations in the genes that encode ITGAM and ICAM.</P>
Evaluation of <i>TRAF6</i> in a large multiancestral lupus cohort
Namjou, Bahram,Choi, Chan‐,Bum,Harley, Isaac T. W.,Alarcó,n‐,Riquelme, Marta E.,Kelly, Jennifer A.,Glenn, Stuart B.,Ojwang, Joshua O.,Adler, Adam,Kim, Kwangwoo,Gallant, Caroline J.,B Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Vol.64 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with significant immune system aberrations resulting from complex heritable genetics as well as environmental factors. We undertook to study the role of <I>TRAF6</I> as a candidate gene for SLE, since it plays a major role in several signaling pathways that are important for immunity and organ development.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Fifteen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across <I>TRAF6</I> were evaluated in 7,490 SLE patients and 6,780 control subjects from different ancestries. Population‐based case–control association analyses and meta‐analyses were performed. <I>P</I> values, false discovery rate q values, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Evidence of associations was detected in multiple SNPs. The best overall <I>P</I> values were obtained for SNPs rs5030437 and rs4755453 (<I>P</I> = 7.85 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> and <I>P</I> = 4.73 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>, respectively) without significant heterogeneity among populations (<I>P</I> = 0.67 and <I>P</I> = 0.50, respectively, in Q statistic). In addition, SNP rs540386, which was previously reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was found to be in linkage disequilibrium with these 2 SNPs (r<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.95) and demonstrated evidence of association with SLE in the same direction (meta‐analysis <I>P</I> = 9.15 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>, OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.83–0.95]). The presence of thrombocytopenia improved the overall results in different populations (meta‐analysis <I>P</I> = 1.99 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>, OR 0.57 [95% CI 0.45–0.72], for rs5030470). Finally, evidence of family‐based association in 34 African American pedigrees with the presence of thrombocytopenia was detected in 1 available SNP (rs5030437) with a Z score magnitude of 2.28 (<I>P</I> = 0.02) under a dominant model.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our data indicate the presence of association of <I>TRAF6</I> with SLE, consistent with the previous report of association with RA. These data provide further support for the involvement of <I>TRAF6</I> in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.</P>
L1599B: CLOUD ENVELOPE AND C<sup>+</sup>EMISSION IN A REGION OF MODERATELY ENHANCED RADIATION FIELD
Goldsmith, Paul F.,Pineda, Jorge L.,Langer, William D.,Liu, Tie,Requena-Torres, Miguel,Ricken, Oliver,Riquelme, Denise American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.824 No.2
<P>We study the effects of an asymmetric radiation field on the properties of a molecular cloud envelope. We employ observations of carbon monoxide ((CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13), atomic carbon, ionized carbon, and atomic hydrogen to analyze the chemical and physical properties of the core and envelope of L1599B, a molecular cloud forming a portion of the ring at similar or equal to 27 pc from the star A Ori. The 08 star provides an asymmetric radiation field that produces a moderate enhancement of the external radiation field. Observations of the [C II] fine structure line with the GREAT instrument on SOFIA indicate a significant enhanced emission on the side of the cloud facing the star, while the [C (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 J = 1-0 and 2-1, and (CO)-C-12 J = 3-2 data from the Purple Mountain Observatory and APEX telescopes suggest a relatively typical cloud interior. The atomic, ionic, and molecular line centroid velocities track each other very closely, and indicate that the cloud may be undergoing differential radial motion. The Hi data from the Arecibo GALFA survey and the SOFIA/GREAT [C II] data do not suggest any systematic motion of the halo gas, relative to the dense central portion of the cloud traced by (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13.</P>