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Ecobiotechnology of Marine Sponges and Their Symbionts - Review and Present Status
Pallela, Ramjee,Kim, Se-Kwon The Korean Society for Marine Biotechnology 2011 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.5 No.4
Marine sponges are a rich source of highly diversified bioactive compounds. These medicinally valuable molecules represent extreme physiological and ecological functions in sponges, more presumably involving in the resistance to the feeding by other marine organisms like fish and fouling by barnacles, bacteria, fungi, etc. This feature of attaining resistance made sponges as successful poriferans that possess an impressive array of biological properties ranging from antimicrobial to anticancerous activities. The diversified bioactive principle of sponges might be due to their spacio-temporal distribution and although, the gateway for exploiting the sponges for isolating these distinct, potential molecules is open, suitable technical and methodological approaches are yet to be implemented in order to bring the sponges as successful pharmaceutical leads in the field of marine biotechnology. Despite of the identified difficulties of marine sponge research from past few decades, one should concentrate not only on the basic and applied technical/methodological considerations, but also on the novel strategies like in vitro sponge cell, fragment and whole sponge culture; sponge symbiont cell culture; in situ and ex situ sponge cultivation; and sponge bioreactors and metagenomic approaches, for the successful exploitation of marine sponges towards the novelty in sponge biotechnology. The present review narrates the pros and cons of the nowadays-marine sponge research by focusing on the suggestive ecobiotechnological approaches, based on the latest studies for feasible ecological exploitation and biotechnological application of sponges from the sea.
Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of some isatin derivatives.
Reddy, Sanapalli Subba,Pallela, Ramjee,Kim, Dong-Min,Won, Mi-Sook,Shim, Yoon-Bo Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2013 Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.61 No.11
<P>A series of isatin derivatives, 1-butyl-5/7-chloro/fluoro-3-((4-methoxybenzyl)imino)indolin-2-ones (3a-d), 6-butyl-chloro/fluoro-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines (4a-h), and 5/7-chloro/fluoro-3-((4-methoxybenzyl)imino)indolin-2-ones (5a-h) were synthesized and characterized by using Fourier transform (FT)-IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometric and elemental analysis. The substances were further subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against HeLa, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7 cells. The results showed that quinoxalines 4d, 4e, and 4g; and indolin-2-one 5f display significant in vitro cytotoxic activities against HeLa cells and further the compound 4d has resulted in highest cytotoxicity in the entire series studied. In addition, 5f was shown to display substantial activity against all the three cell lines used in the current study.</P>
Intrarater and interrater reliability of pulse examination in traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine
Vrinda Kurande,Rasmus Waagepetersen,Egon Toft,Ramjee Prasad 한국한의학연구원 2013 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.2 No.3
Background: In Ayurveda, pulse examination (nadipariksha) is an important tool to assess the status of three doshas: vata, pitta, and kapha. Long historical use has been seen as a documentation of its efficacy; however, there is a lack of a quantitative measure of the reliability of the pulse examination method. The objective of this study was to test the intrarater and interrater reliability of pulse examination in Ayurveda. Methods: Fifteen registered Ayurvedic doctors with 3–15 years of experience examined the pulse of 20 healthy volunteers twice, for a total of 600 examinations. The examinations were performed blind and in a random order. Only the current status of dosha-specific methods of pulse examination were considered. Cohen's weighted κ statistic was used as a measure of intrarater and interrater reliability, and a hypothesis of homogeneous diagnosis (random rating) was tested. Following this, we tested whether proportions of ratings were equal between doctors. Results: According to the Landis and Koch scale, the level of reliability ranged from poor to moderate. It was observed that the doctors more frequently diagnosed a combination of two doshas than a single dosha. The κ values were generally larger for experienced doctors (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Experience and proper training have important roles in pulse examination.
Characterization of fully and partially penetrated Nd: YAG laser-weld dissimilar metal joints
A. P. Tadamalle,Y. P. Reddy,E. Ramjee,K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.2
Welding dissimilar metals and alloys is essential to emerging new technologies in manufacturing industries. This process is difficult because of the formation of intermetallic layers and the variations in the chemical and mechanical properties in the weld region. This paper aimed to characterize fully and partially penetrated dissimilar metal weld joints. The welding experiments were conducted on 0.5 mm-thick dissimilar weld joints for the investigation of the effects of the process parameters on the weld joints. Variations in chemical composition, oxide formation, imperfections and mechanical properties were analyzed. Results revealed that the weld joint characteristics notably deviated from the base metal properties in terms of hardness, strength, chemical composition, oxide formation and other constituents of the weld pool region. This study offers insight into the effects of process parameters and the necessary changes in weld composition for the improvement of welds joints.