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Juvenile Probation in the United States : Current Practices and How It Can Be Improved
Ira M. Schwartz,Peter Jones,David Schwartz. 한국보호관찰학회 2009 보호관찰 Vol.9 No.2
소년사법에 신경회로망을 이용한 선구적 연구는 미국에서 진행되었는데, 우리는 신경회로망 기술이 다른 나라에서도 적용되면 미국의 경우만큼의 성과가 있을지 궁금하다. 한국에서도 그러한 성과가 있을지 살펴보는 것은 흥미로운 일이 아닐 수 없다. 나의 동료들과 나는 그 가능성에 대해 낙관적이며 체계적 방법으로 조심스레 가능성을 타진하는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다. 그러므로 우리는 한국의 보호관찰 관계자들이 우리와 유사한 연구의 진행을 고려해볼 것을 권하고자 한다. 의미 있는 결과를 산출하기 위해 종종 수년이 소요되는 전통적인 기존의 연구방법과 달리, 신경회로망을 활용한 연구는 비교적 저렴한 수행비용이 들며, 1년 이내에 완료 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 신경회로망 기반 모델을 형성할 만큼 의 충분한 데이터가 필요할 뿐이며, 모델 형성 후 현장에서 검증 절차를 거치고 기존의 도구와 비교하면 일단락된다. 또한 이와 같은 연구를 수행하기 위해 새로운 데이터를 수집할 필요가 없다. 예를 들어, 미국에서 신경회로망을 이용하였던 연구는 소년사법과 사회복지 기관에서 일상적으로 수집되는 자료를 활용하여 수행되었으므로 새로운 데이터를 수집하거나 기존의 자료 축적체계를 수정할 필요가 없었다. 한국 소년사법 자료와 그 수집과정에 대해 아는 바가 없으나, 이미 수집된 자료만으로도 이연구가 수행될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.
Ihle, Nathan T,Lemos, Robert,Schwartz, David,Oh, Junghwan,Halter, Robert J,Wipf, Peter,Kirkpatrick, Lynn,Powis, Garth American Association for Cancer Research, Inc 2009 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.8 No.1
<P>The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cascade is an important component of the insulin signaling in normal tissues leading to glucose uptake and homeostasis and for cell survival signaling in cancer cells. Hyperglycemia is an on-target side effect of many inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling including the specific PI3K inhibitor PX-866. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone, used to treat type 2 diabetes, prevents a decrease in glucose tolerance caused by acute administration of PX-866. Our studies have shown that pioglitazone does not inhibit the antitumor activity of PX-866 in A-549 non-small cell lung cancer and HT-29 colon cancer xenografts. In vitro studies also showed that pioglitazone increases 2-[1-(14)C]deoxy-D-glucose uptake in L-6 muscle cells and prevents inhibition of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by PX-866. Neither pioglitazone nor PX-866 had an effect on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in A-549 lung cancer cells. In vivo imaging studies using [18F]2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography showed that pioglitazone increases FDG accumulation by normal tissue but does not significantly alter FDG uptake by A-549 xenografts. Thus, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists may be useful in overcoming the increase in blood glucose caused by inhibitors of PI3K signaling by preventing the inhibition of normal tissue insulin-mediated glucose uptake without affecting antitumor activity.</P>
Stage III uterine serous carcinoma: modern trends in multimodality treatment
Jessie Y. Li,Melissa R. Young,Gloria Huang,Babak Litkouhi,Alessandro Santin,Peter E. Schwartz,Shari Damast 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.4
Objective: To examine outcomes in a modern treatment era for stage III uterine serouscarcinoma (USC). Methods: Fifty women were retrospectively identified as 2009 International Federation ofGynecology and Obstetrics stage III USC patients who received radiotherapy (RT) at ourinstitution between 1/2003–5/2018. The patients were divided into 2 cohorts: 20 in the earlyera (2003–2010) and 30 in the modern era (2011–2018). Patient characteristics were comparedusing χ2tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Recurrence freesurvival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, the log rank test, and Cox proportional hazards. Results: The modern era differed from the early era in the increased use of volume-directedexternal beam RT (EBRT) as opposed to vaginal brachytherapy (VB) alone (33.3% vs 5.0%,p=0.048), minimally invasive surgery (56.7% vs. 25%, p=0.027), sentinel node sampling(26.7% vs. 0%, p=0.012), computed tomography imaging in the perioperative period (63.3%vs. 30%, p=0.044), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu testing (96.7% vs. 55%, p=0.001). Median follow-up for early and modern eras was 37.27 and 33.23 months,respectively. The early vs. modern 3-year RFS was 33% and 64% (p=0.039), respectively, whilethe 3-year OS was 55% and 90% (p=0.034). Regional nodal recurrence more common amongthe patients who received VB only (p=0.048). Conclusion: Modern era treatment was associated with improved RFS and OS in patientswith stage III USC. Regional nodal recurrences were significantly reduced in patients whoreceived EBRT