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VAPR: Void-Aware Pressure Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks
Noh, Youngtae,Lee, Uichin,Wang, Paul,Choi, Brian Sung Chul,Gerla, Mario IEEE 2013 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.12 No.5
<P>Underwater mobile sensor networks have recently been proposed as a way to explore and observe the ocean, providing 4D (space and time) monitoring of underwater environments. We consider a specialized geographic routing problem called pressure routing that directs a packet to any sonobuoy on the surface based on depth information available from on-board pressure gauges. The main challenge of pressure routing in sparse underwater networks has been the efficient handling of 3D voids. In this respect, it was recently proven that the greedy stateless perimeter routing method, very popular in 2D networks, cannot be extended to void recovery in 3D networks. Available heuristics for 3D void recovery require expensive flooding. In this paper, we propose a Void-Aware Pressure Routing (VAPR) protocol that uses sequence number, hop count and depth information embedded in periodic beacons to set up next-hop direction and to build a directional trail to the closest sonobuoy. Using this trail, opportunistic directional forwarding can be efficiently performed even in the presence of voids. The contribution of this paper is twofold: 1) a robust soft-state routing protocol that supports opportunistic directional forwarding; and 2) a new framework to attain loop freedom in static and mobile underwater networks to guarantee packet delivery. Extensive simulation results show that VAPR outperforms existing solutions.</P>
HydroCast: Pressure Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks
Youngtae Noh,Uichin Lee,Saewoom Lee,Wang, Paul,Vieira, Luiz F. M.,Jun-Hong Cui,Gerla, Mario,Kiseon Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.65 No.1
<P>A Sensor Equipped Aquatic (SEA) swarm is a sensor cloud that drifts with water currents and enables 4-D (space and time) monitoring of local underwater events such as contaminants, marine life, and intruders. The swarm is escorted on the surface by drifting sonobuoys that collect data from the underwater sensors via acoustic modems and report it in real time via radio to a monitoring center. The goal of this study is to design an efficient anycast routing algorithm for reliable underwater sensor event reporting to any surface sonobuoy. Major challenges are the ocean current and limited resources (bandwidth and energy). In this paper, these challenges are addressed, and HydroCast, which is a hydraulic-pressure-based anycast routing protocol that exploits the measured pressure levels to route data to the surface sonobuoys, is proposed. This paper makes the following contributions: a novel opportunistic routing mechanism to select the subset of forwarders that maximizes the greedy progress yet limits cochannel interference and an efficient underwater dead end recovery method that outperforms the recently proposed approaches. The proposed routing protocols are validated through extensive simulations.</P>
Jinwoo Noh,Minseok Jo,Chang Yong Kang,Gilmer, David,Kirsch, Paul,Lee, Jack C.,Byoung Hun Lee IEEE 2013 IEEE electron device letters Vol.34 No.9
<P>A semiempirical model that can simulate dc and pulse (ac) characteristics of filament-type HfO<SUB>x</SUB>-based resistance change random access memory (ReRAM) devices has been developed. Time-dependent device characteristics, because of the dynamic change in the filament size, were emulated using a modified ion migration model. This model describes the difference between SET and RESET operations using a current crowding effect This model is a semiempirical model that can simultaneously match both dc and ac characteristics of HfOx-based ReRAM devices.</P>
DOTS: A Propagation Delay-Aware Opportunistic MAC Protocol for Mobile Underwater Networks
Youngtae Noh,Uichin Lee,Seongwon Han,Wang, Paul,Torres, Dustin,Jinwhan Kim,Gerla, Mario IEEE 2014 IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing Vol.13 No.4
<P>Mobile underwater networks with acoustic communications are confronted with several unique challenges such as long propagation delays, high transmission power consumption, and node mobility. In particular, slow signal propagation permits multiple packets to concurrently travel in the underwater channel, which must be exploited to improve the overall throughput. To this end, we propose the delay-aware opportunistic transmission scheduling (DOTS) protocol that uses passively obtained local information (i.e., neighboring nodes' propagation delay map and their expected transmission schedules) to increase the chances of concurrent transmissions while reducing the likelihood of collisions. Our extensive simulation results document that DOTS outperforms existing solutions and provides fair medium access even with node mobility.</P>
Kim, Ran,Amegadze, Paul S. K.,Kang, Il,Yun, Hui‐,Jun,Noh, Yong‐,Young,Kwon, Soon‐,Ki,Kim, Yun‐,Hi WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.23 No.46
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A high‐performance naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based conjugated polymer for use as the active layer of n‐channel organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is reported. The solution‐processable n‐channel polymer is systematically designed and synthesized with an alternating structure of long alkyl substituted‐NDI and thienylene–vinylene–thienylene units (PNDI‐TVT). The material has a well‐controlled molecular structure with an extended π‐conjugated backbone, with no increase in the LUMO level, achieving a high mobility and highly ambient stable n‐type OFET. The top‐gate, bottom‐contact device shows remarkably high electron charge‐carrier mobility of up to 1.8 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> (<I>I</I><SUB>on</SUB>/<I>I</I><SUB>off</SUB> = 10<SUP>6</SUP>) with the commonly used polymer dielectric, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Moreover, PNDI‐TVT OFETs exhibit excellent air and operation stability. Such high device performance is attributed to improved π–π intermolecular interactions owing to the extended π‐conjugation, apart from the improved crystallinity and highly interdigitated lamellar structure caused by the extended π–π backbone and long alkyl groups.</P>
Artist friendly facial animation retargeting
Seol, Yeongho,Seo, Jaewoo,Kim, Paul Hyunjin,Lewis, J. P.,Noh, Junyong Association for Computing Machinery 2011 ACM transactions on graphics Vol.30 No.6
<P>This paper presents a novel facial animation retargeting system that is carefully designed to support the animator's workflow. Observation and analysis of the animators' often preferred process of key-frame animation with blendshape models informed our research. Our retargeting system generates a similar set of blendshape weights to those that would have been produced by an animator. This is achieved by rearranging the group of blendshapes into several sequential retargeting groups and solving using a matching pursuit-like scheme inspired by a traditional key-framing approach. Meanwhile, animators typically spend a tremendous amount of time simplifying the dense weight graphs created by the retargeting. Our graph simplification technique effectively produces editable weight graphs while preserving the visual characteristics of the original retargeting. Finally, we automatically create GUI controllers to help artists perform key-framing and editing very efficiently. The set of proposed techniques greatly reduce the time and effort required by animators to achieve high quality retargeted facial animations.</P>
Yong Xu,Chuan Liu,Amegadez, Paul Seyram K.,Gi-Seong Ryu,Huaixin Wei,Balestra, Francis,Ghibaudo, Gerard,Yong-Young Noh IEEE 2015 IEEE electron device letters Vol.36 No.10
<P>Low-frequency noise (LFN) in double-gate (DG) In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) is studied to investigate the origin of performance improvement. We found that thinning down the IGZO film enhances such improvements. With 7-nm IGZO, the mobility is raised by a factor of 3.77, and the subthreshold slope is reduced to 0.17 V/decade from single-gate to DG mode. Device simulations show that bulk transport inside IGZO film emerges as the two gates field effects get coupled. The LFN results reveal a transport transition from surface to bulk and disclose the superior bulk transport that experiences slight phonon scattering with a small Hooge parameter alpha(H) = 4.44 x 10(-3), whereas the surface transport undergoes serious charge trapping with surface trap densities about 2 x 10(11) eV(-1)cm(-2).</P>