Effect of By-Product Gypsum Fertilizer on Methane Gas Emissions and Rice Productivity in Paddy Field

Jun-Hong Park,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Myung-Suk Kong,Yong-Seon Zhang,Sang-Jo Park,Jong-Gun Won,Suk-Hee Lee,Dong-Hwan Seo,So-Deuk Park,Jang-Eok Kim 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Rice cultivation in paddy field affects the global balance of methane (CH₄) as a key greenhouse gas. To evaluate a potential use of by-product gypsum fertilizer (BGF) in reducing CH₄ emission from paddy soil, CH₄ fluxes from a paddy soil applied with BGF different levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) were investigated by closed-chamber method during rice cultivation period. CH₄ flux significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of BGF application. 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of BGF addition in soil reduced CH₄ flux by 60.6% compared to control. Decreased soil redox potential (Eh) resulted in increasing CH₄ emission through a CO₂ reduction reaction. The concentrations of dissolved calcium (Ca) and sulfate ion (SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>) in soil pore water were significantly increased as the application rate of BGF increased and showed negatively correlations with CH₄ flux. Decreased CH₄ flux with BGF application implied that SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> ion led to decreases in electron availability for methanogen and precipitation reaction of Ca ion with inorganic carbon including carbonate and bicarbonate as a source of CH₄ formation under anoxic condition. BGF application also increased rice grain yield by 16% at 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of BGF addition. Therefore, our results suggest that BGF application can be a good soil management practice to reduce CH₄ emission from paddy soil and to increase rice yield.

조선업 근로자의 목부위 자각증상의 유병률과 관련 요인

박종,김기순,강명근,류소연,이철갑,강성득,김철호 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Background and Objectives : This study examined prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms on area of necks of shipbuilding workers in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorder and find out its managerial plans. Materials and Methods : this study targeted 1, 159 male shipbuilding workers who work for large suipbuilding companies, and interviewed them using organized questionnaire having short answer questions in February, 2003. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (pains, anesthesia, and numbness) of the subjects was 16.0% on necks. As a result of multiple logistic regression analysis, the following results were obtained : sleeping hours, working departments, extra working hours, perceived amount of working, availability of dispensary were significantly related with symptoms on neck. When the variables that had significant relation with prevalence of neck area symptoms were analysed health behavior, it was found that the odds ratio of the group who had more than sufficient sleeping hours was 1.70 times higher than that of the group who had not. When they were examined in terms of occupational characteristics, the odds ratio of the subcontract company workers was 0.44 times lower than that of the parent company workers, and that of the group who had two hours of extra working hours was 1.78 times higher than that of the group who did not. The odds ratio of the group who thought the perceived working amount was slightly over the proper level was 1.49 time higher, and that of the group who thought it was excessively over the proper level was 3.21 times significantly higher. The odds ratio of the group who thought availability of dispensary was moderate was 1.84 times significantly higher than that of the group who thought it was easy. Conclusion : It was found that 16.0% of shipbuilding workers had musculoskeletal symptoms on neck, and their deom-sociological, occupational, and socio-psychological characteristics affected the symptoms. Therefore, to decrease musculoskeletal symptoms of shipbuilding workers, wording and socio-psychological condition should be improved by considering related factors of the workers.

과채류 대목의 병해충 저항성 검정

박선도,박소득,이재석 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

오이, 참외, 수박의 덩굴쪼김병, 덩굴마름병, 뿌리혹선충과 시들음병과의 혼합감염, 과채류 대목의 뿌리혹선충 저항성 등을 검정하여 안전재배 기술을 개발코자 시험하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 오이와 수박의 대목인 안동오이, 흑종호박, 신토좌에 대한 덩굴쪼김병의 내병성을 검정한 결과 뿌리를 절단하지 않고 병원균을 접종한 대목은 전연 발병이 되지 않았으나, 뿌리를 절단하고 병원균을 접종한 오이 실생은 pot재배나 포장상태에서 95%이상 발병되었으며, 대목은 포장에서 7.5∼22.5%의 발병주율을 보였다. 2. 수박의 덩굴쪼김병은 뿌리를 절단치 않고 병원균을 접종하였을 경우 수박실생이외에는 거의 발병이 되지 않았으나 뿌리를 절단한 구는 안동오이 13.8%, 흑종호박 33.8%, 신토좌 26.3%의 발병율을 보여 대목간에 저항성이 인정되었으며 이들 병원균은 상처를 통해 감염되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 3. 오이 덩굴마름병은 실생과 대목에 모두 발병이 되었고, 실생의 발병주율은 오이가 4.2%, 수박은 2.5%로 높았으며, 대목은 오이가 1.7%∼2.5%, 수박은 0.8%로 낮은 편이었다. 4. 과채류 대목의 뿌리혹선충 저항성검정에서 신토좌, 홍토좌, 참박은 뿌리혹수가 10∼13.3개, 난낭수는 9.9∼12.1개, 선충밀도는 87.4개로 높았으나, 흑종과 안동오이는 각각 5.4∼7.1, 5.3∼6.6, 40.8∼59.6으로 뿌리혹선충의 기생율이 비교적 낮았다. 5. 참외, 수박, 오이에 선충과 시들음병균을 동시에 접종한 구는 시들음병의 발병율이 20.0∼80.0로 높았고 시들음병균 단독접종구에서는 1.3∼3.3%로 낮았으며, 뿌리혹선충 단독접종구는 4.7∼12.8%로 다소 높은 발병율을 보여 뿌리혹선충이 시들음병 발생에 영향을 크게 미치는 것으로 추정된다. This study was carried out to develop safe cultural techniques for fruit vegetables by test-ing disease and nematode resistances of rootstooks of fruit vegetable, cucumber, oriental melon and watermelon. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. No disease sympotom was detected in rootstocks with uncut roots of Andongoei(Cicyos anglatu), Heukjonghobak, and sintojwa, which are used as rootstocks for cucumber and watermelon, following the inoculation with Fusarium cucumerinum whereas visible symptoms were observed in 95% and 7.5 ~ 22.5% of rootstocks and seedlings that have cutted roots before inoculation, respectively. 2. There were significant differences in the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. niveum among the 3 tested rootstocks inoculated after cut roots. Rootstocks with intact roots re-mained healthy that indicates Fusarium oxysporum infects through root wound. 3. Both rootstocks and seedlings of cucumber and watermelon showed disease symptoms following the inoculation with Didymella bryoniae. Rates of diseased seedlings were 4.2% in cucumber and 2.5% in watermelon, respectively, while 1.7% ~ 2.5% in cucumber and 0.8% in watermelon rootstocks were infected with the disease. 4. Heukjonghobak and Andongoei revealed relatively high resistance to nematode com-pared to Sintojwa, Hongtojwa and Chambak as determined by the number of rootgall, eggmass, and nematode in roots. 5. Co-inoculation of oriental melon, watermelon and cucumber with root-knot nema-tode and Fusarium oxysporum increased the outbreak of fusarium with while only 1.3 ~ 3.3% of plants inoculted with Fusarium oxysporum alone showed wilt symptoms. However, 4.7 ~ 12.8% of plants inoculated with nematode revealed wilt symptoms, which indicates nematode may have influence on the occurence of wilt disease.

Effect of Inoculum Levels of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, on Growth of Peony(Paeonia lactiflora) Propagated by Divided Roots

Park So Deuk(박소득),Kim Ki Jae(김기재),Kim Se Jong(김세종),Shin Jong Hee(신종희),Khan Zakaullah 한국원예학회 1999 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.40 No.4

A Survey for Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Strawberry(Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Crop in Korea

So Deuk Park,김영호,Zakaullah Khan,Il Kweon Yeon 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

A survey was conducted during February- March 2003 to determine the occurrence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fields, cultivated under plastic houses in major strawberry growing regions of Gyeongbuk and Chonbuk provinces, Korea. The survey revealed presence of eleven species of plant-parasitic nematodes viz., Aphelenchoides fragariae, Criconemoides morgensis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hirschmanniella imamuri, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Psilenchus hilarulus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Xiphinema sp. Frequency and density of each species were highly variable from field to field and within the field. Plant growth was not uniform in the surveyed fields under plastic houses; stunted growth, chlorotic leaves, small curled or crinkled leaves, deformed buds and flowers and wilted plants with fewer fruits were observed in patches.

Soil Physico-chemical Properties by Land Use of Anthropogenic Soils Dredged from River Basins

Park, Jun-Hong,Park, Sang-Jo,Won, Jong-Gun,Lee, Suk-Hee,Seo, Dong-Hwan,Park, So-Deuk 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.4

This study was conducted to analyze soil physico-chemical properties of agricultural land composed from the river-bed sediments. We investigated the changes of soil physico-chemical properties at 30 different sampling sites containing paddy, upland and plastic film house from 2012 to 2015. pH, exchangeable calcium and magnesium decreased gradually in paddy soils during the four years, whereas the available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable Ca, Mg and EC increased in upland and plastic film house soil. For the soil physical properties, bulk density and hardness of topsoil were $1.47g\;cm^{-3}$ and 21.5 mm and those of subsoil were $1.71g\;cm^{-3}$ and 25.7 mm in paddy soils. In upland soils, bulk density and hardness of topsoil were $1.48g\;cm^{-3}$ and 15.9 mm and those of subsoil were $1.55g\;cm^{-3}$ and 16.9 mm. In plastic film house soils, bulk density and hardness of topsoil were $1.42g\;cm^{-3}$ and 14.4 mm and those of subsoil were $1.40g\;cm^{-3}$ and 18.5 mm, respectively. The penetration hardness was higher than 3 MPa below soil depth 20 cm, and it is impossible to measure below soil depth 50 cm. As these results, in agricultural anthropogenic soils dredged from river basins, the pH, amount of organic matter and exchangeable cations decreased and soil physical properties also deteriorated with time. Therefore, it is needed to apply more organic matters and suitable amount of fertilizer and improve the soil physical properties by cultivating green manure crops, deep tillage, and reversal of deep soils.

Occurrence, Population Dynamics, Melon Quality and Effective Control of Root-knot Nematodes in the Oriental Melon

So Deuk Park,Il Kwon Yeon,Jong Kyun Park,Jae Tak Yoon 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05

Effect of Inoculum Levels of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne hapla on marketability of peony (Paeonia lactiflora) roots propagated by divided root clove

So Deuk Park,Jae Chul Kim,Ki Jai Kim,Se Jong Kim,Jeong Ki Ryu,Zakaullah Khan 한국원예학회 1999 원예과학기술지 Vol.17 No.2

Effect of Mixed Treatment of Urea Fertilizer and Zeolite on Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Emission in Upland Soil

Park, Jun-Hong,Park, Sang-Jo,Seo, Young-Jin,Kwon, Oh-Heun,Choi, Seong-Yong,Park, So-Deuk,Kim, Jang-Eok 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Ammonia loss from urea significantly hinders efficient use of urea in agriculture. The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) a long-lived greenhouse gas in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic source, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. There are reports in the literature showing that the addition of zeolite to N sources can improve the nitrogen use efficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and ammonia ($NH_3$) emission by mixed treatment of urea and zeolite in upland crop field. Urea fertilizer and zeolite were applied at different rates to study their effect on $N_2O$ emission during red pepper cultivation in upland soils. The $N_2O$ gas was collected by static closed chamber method and measured by gas chromatography. Ammonia concentration was analyzed by closed-dynamic air flow system method. The total $N_2O$ flux increased in proportion to the level of N application. Emission of $N_2O$ from the field increased from the plots applied with urea-zeolite mixture compared to urea alone. But urea-zeolite mixture treatment reduced about 30% of $NH_3$-N volatilization amounts. These results showed that the application of urea and zeolite mixture had a positive influence on reduction of $NH_3$ volatilization, but led to the increase in $N_2O$ emission in upland soils.

Evaluation of Methane Emissions with Water Regime before the Cultivation Period in Paddy Fields

Park, Jun-Hong,Park, Sang-Jo,Kim, Jong-Su,Seo, Dong-Hwan,Park, So-Deuk,Kim, Jin-Ho 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.4

Anaerobic decomposition of organic material in flooded rice fields produces methane, which escapes to the atmosphere primarily by transport through the rice plants. The annual amount of $CH_4$ emitted from a given area of rice is a function of the number and duration of crops grown, water regimes before and during cultivation period, and organic and inorganic soil amendments. Soil type, temperature, and rice cultivar also affect $CH_4$ emissions. The field experiment was conducted for three years to develop methane emission factor for water regime before the cultivation period from the rice fields. It was treated with three different water regimes prior to rice cultivation, namely: non-flooded pre-season < 180 days, non-flooded pre-season > 180 days, flooded per-season in which the minimum flooding interval is set to 30 days. Methane emission increased with days after transplanting and soil redox potential (Eh) decreased rapidly after flooding during the rice cultivation. The average methane emission fluxes were $5.47kg\;CH_4\;ha^{-1}day^{-1}$in flooded pre-season > 30 days, 5.04 in non-flooded pre-season < 180 days and 4.62 in non-flooded pre-season > 180. Methane emission flux was highly correlated with soil temperature and soil Eh. Rice yields showed no difference among treatments with water regime before the cultivation period.