The Reception and Development of German Idealism in Korea

Paek Chong-Hyon The Academy of Korean Studies 1999 Korea Journal Vol.39 No.1

Effects of Thermal Imidization and Annealing on Liquid Crystal Alignment ever Rubbed Polyimide Layers: Change in the Pretilt Angle

Paek, Sang-Hyon The Polymer Society of Korea 2001 Korea polymer journal Vol.9 No.6

The fabrication of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels involves several thermal processes such as imidization of the alignment layer (AL) and annealing of the rubbed polyimide AL. The nature of these processes on the LC alignment, especially on the pretilt angle (Θ$\_$p/) has been systematically studied, employing various types of polyimide structures. The imidization effect depends on the nature of polyimid precursors; Θ$\^$p/ increases with the degree of the imidization for the main-chain type of ALs, due to the decrease in the surface polarity, but this relation is not applicable to the alkylated ones in which the steric effect at the AL surface by the aliphatic side chains is dominant. Annealing of the rubbed polyimide AL deteriorates its rubbing-induced molecular orientation and subsequently the overlying LC alignment, resulting in the decrease in Θ$\_$p/. Especially, annealing of the LC cell affects the LC-AL interaction as well as the AL orientation and thus its effect on LC alignment depends sensitively on the nature of LC-polyimide interface; aromatic moiety in the polyimide structure gives better thermal stability of LC alignment while fluorinated polyimide ALs induce the less stable alignment.

Electronic Structures and Properties of the Charged Model Clusters Relating to High-$T_c$ Superconductor $Y{Ba_2}{Cu_3}{O_{7-x}}$

Paek, U-Hyon,Lee, Kee-Hag,Sung, Yong-Kiel,Lee, Wang-Ro Korean Chemical Society 1991 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.12 No.6

We have carried out an extended Huckel calculation to rationalize the role of $CuO_3$ chains and the size effect of the charged model clusters for the following charged model culsters : ${{Cu_6}{O_{21}}^{28-},\;{{Cu_6}{O_{22}}^{30-}\;,{{Cu_9}{O_{30}}^{39-}\;,{{Cu_9}{O_{32}}^{43-}\;,{{Cu_{12}{O_{38}}^{48-}\;,{{Cu_{15}{O_{50}}^{65-}\;,{{Cu_{18}{O_{54}}^{66-}\;,{{Cu_{18}{O_{55}}^{68-}\;,{{Cu_{24}{O_{70}}^{84-}\;and\;{{Cu_{27}{O_{78}}^{93-}$ for high-$T_c$ superconductor $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$: ${{Cu_6}{O_{18}}^{22-}\;,{{Cu_9}{O_{26}}^{31-}}\;,{{Cu_{12}{O_{32}}^{36-}\;,{{Cu_{15}{O_{42}}^{49-}\;,{{Cu_{18}{O_{46}}^{50-}\;,{{Cu_{24}{O_{60}}^{64-}\;and\;{{Cu_{27}{O_{66}}^{69-}$ for insulator $YBa_2Cu_3O_6$. The results show that the electronic structures and properties of the charged model clusters relating to high-$T_c$ superconductor are very sensitive to the size change of the clusters with various environmental effects, wherease those of the charged model clusters for insulator $YBa_2Cu_3O_6$ are monotonous to the size change. The $CuO_3$ chains along the b-direction may yield cooperative electronic coupling with the $CuO_2$ layers in determining both conducting and superconducting properties of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ system.

The Reception of Western Philosophy & Philosophy in Korea

Paek Chong-Hyon The Academy of Korean Studies 1999 Korea Journal Vol.39 No.1

Molecular Connectivity in the Thermodynamic Properties of Alkane Hydrocarbons

PAEK, U-hyon,SUH, Man-chul,CHANG, Ki-churl 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

A very significant linear correlation was found between the first-order connectivity index and the extant experimental data of alkane hydrocarbons, that is, all 146 values of entropy and all 15 values of enthalpy of isomerization from equilibrium data. The study of the chemical thermodynamic properties would provide a crucial test of certain features of a correction such as the present one.

독일철학 수용과 한국의 철학(1980/90년대)

백종현(Paek, Chong-Hyon) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 1997 철학사상 Vol.7 No.-

Electronic Structure and Properties of High-Tc Superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O. 1. Oxygen-deficiency in the $YBa_2Cu_3O_x $Superconductor ($6{\leq}{\times}{\leq}7$)

U-Hyon Paek,U-Sung Choi,Kee-Hag Lee,Chang-Hong Kim Korean Chemical Society 1989 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.10 No.6

The effect of oxygen-deficiency on the charge distributions and orbital energies for small copper oxide clusters representing the superconducting materials $YBa_2Cu_3O_x (6{\leq}x{\leq}7)$ were investigated by the extended Huckel molecular orbital (EHMO) method with the tight-binding model. Our calculations show +3 oxidation state of Cu(1) in the $CuO_3$ chain and +2 or +1 of Cu(2) in the $CuO_2$ layers for $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$ with the nominal charge of $Cu_3$ = +7 (or +5), while for $YBa_2Cu_3O_6$ +1 oxidation state of Cu(1) and +3 (or +2) of Cu(2) in the $CuO_2$ layers with the nominal charge of $Cu_3$ = +7 (or +5). For $Cu_3O_{12}$ cluster representing $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$ with the nominal charge of $Cu_3$ = +7 the Cu(2) $d_{{x^2}-{y^2}}$ orbitals in the $CuO_2$ layers is a typical Jahn-Teller $d^9$ system with the partial hole and the Cu(1) $d_{{_z2}-{_y2}}$ orbital in the $CuO_3$ chain contains hole occupancy. For $Cu_3O_{10}$ cluster representing $YBa_2Cu_3O_6$ with the nominal charge of Cu = +5 the orbital character of the highest partially occupied MO (HPOMO) and the lowest completely unoccupied MO (LCUMO) of $Cu_3O_{12}$ representing $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$ with the nominal charge of $Cu_3$ = +7 is reversed, and the character of Cu(1) $d{{x^2}-{y^2}}$ orbital of LCUMO of the $Cu_3O_{12} $cluster is vanished. It is suggested that the local crystal field environment of Cu(1) by the oxygens in the Cu(1) chain may play a vital role in conductivity and superconductivity, either alone or through cooperative electronic coupling with the Cu(2) layers in $YBa_2Cu_3O_7.$.

헤겔의 ‘시민사회’론

백종현(Paek, Chong-Hyon) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2008 철학사상 Vol.30 No.-

헤겔의 '윤리 국가' 이론

백종현(Paek, Chong-Hyon) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2007 철학사상 Vol.24 No.-

인간 개념의 혼란과 포스트휴머니즘 문제

백종현(Paek, Chong-Hyon) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2015 철학사상 Vol.58 No.-

인간은 영양능력과 생식능력이 있으며, 감각능력과 아울러 욕구능력, 자기운동능력을 가진다는 점에서 생명체이고, 게다가 사고능력을 갖추고 있을 뿐만 아니라 미적 쾌감을 느끼고 선악의 법칙을 세우는 능력을 가진다는 점에서 ‘이성적 동물’이며, 악을 배척하고 선을 실현하는 의지를 가진다는 점에서는 신성하기조차 한 존엄한 존재자, 곧 ‘인격’이라는 것이 인간에 대한 전통적인 개념이다. 여기서 인간 존엄성의 가장 강력한 근거는 인간의 자기 행위에 대한 책임능력이고, 이 책임능력은 인간 이성의 자율성에 기초한 것이다. 그리고 이 자율성의 본부로 ‘정신’이 상정되었다. 그런데 서양 근대 문명의 핵심적 요소는 시민사회와 과학기술이라 할 것이고, 시민사회의 토대인 민주주의와 과학기술의 기초인 자연과학은 근대인의 최고 성취라 할 것인데, 이 둘은 ‘정신’의 희생을 대가로 요구하는 것이다. 근대 정치사회에서 인간은 신체적 존재자로 행세하며, 현대의 ‘과학’과 자연과학주의는 인격의 모태인 인간의 자율성, 그리고 자유의지에 대해 부정적이다. 이러한 상황에서 현대 과학기술의 결과로 출현하는 유사인종(‘posthomo sapiens’)은 인간 위격(位格, humanism)의 근본을 뒤흔들고 있다. 인간이 자연물이라면, 자연물의 산출 또한 자연물인 만큼, 인간의 지능과 손을 거쳐 나온 인공지능도 온갖 인공적 조작도 실은 일종의 자연물이라 해야 할 것이다. 이쯤 되면 ‘인공적(人工的, artficial)’이라는 말이 적용될 대상은 없다. 자연 안에 있는 모든 것은 다 ‘자연적(自然的, natural)’인 것이니 말이다. 이로써 자연인과 인공인간의 본질적 구별도 사라진다. 바야흐로 근대 문명의 총아인 과학기술의 진보의 결과로 도래하는 포스트휴먼 사회가 촉발하는 ‘인간’과 ‘인간적 삶’의 본질에 관한 새삼스러운 질문에 대해 답하는 것이 철학의 당면 과제이다. The traditional concept of the human being is such that he is (1) an animal in that he has capacities of nourishment and reproduction as well as those of perception, volition, and self-movement; and also (2) a rational animal, in that he has faculties of thinking, feeling aesthetic pleasures, and setting up laws of good and evil; and finally (3) a person conceived as a dignified and even sacred being, in that he has the will to exclude what is evil and realize what is good. The strongest ground on which the dignity of human being lies is that he has the capacity of being responsible for his acts, and this capacity of responsibility in turn is based on the autonomy of human reason. Here the ‘spirit’ is supposed as the headquarter of this autonomy. It is generally agreed that civil society and scientific technology are the two essential elements which make up modern Western civilization. The foundations of these elements, that is, democracy and natural science respectively, however, though they are the supreme achievements of the modern world, have actually claimed the sacrifice of the ‘spirit’. For the human being in the modern political society behaves as if he were a bodily being and the contemporary ‘science’ and the scientism doubt the existence of free will and autonomy of human beings, which are the matrix of personhood. In this situation, the ‘post homo sapiens’ that result from contemporary scientific technology is shaking humanism to its very foundation. Given that the human being is a natural object, and that the product of a natural object is also a natural object, it should be acknowledged that ‘artificial’ intelligence and similar ‘artificial’ products that emerge from human intellect and work are in fact natural objects of a certain sort. At this point, there is no object to which the word ‘artificial’ rightly applies: everything in nature is ‘natural’. Thus, the essential distinction between the natural and the artificial human disappears. Answering those questions about the essence of ‘humans’ and ‘human life’, provoked by the post human society that has progressed with the scientific technology of modern civilization, is the very problem the philosophy is facing today.