Tributary Activity in Diplomacy Relations between Vietnam and Mainland Southeast Asian Countries from 938 to 1885

Hanh, Nguyen Thi My Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.2

Based on research of documents left by Vietnamese feudal dynasties, the current article reports how it initially reconstructed the process of Vietnamese tribute activity of Southeast Asia from the 10^th to 19^th century and demonstrates the significance of these activities to how Vietnam is considered central rather than peripheral as a nation. Tribute activity took place during a period when Vietnam was an independent country; feudal dynasties of Vietnam were independent and autonomous dynasties. Vietnam had just escaped from the 1,000-year invasion of China and more recently gotten out from the control of the French colonialists. From the demonstration of the tribute activity, otherwise called requesting investiture, the current article places it in relation to the contemporary Chinese "tributary system" to draw out the characteristics and its essence. At the time the current article explores the underlying causes that contributed to shaping the core characteristics of this "tributary system" and its significance to power relationships.

Tributary Relations of Vietnam and Japan with China during the Feudal Period: Some Reference Points

( Nguyen Thi My Hanh ) 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원 2018 Suvannabhumi Vol.10 No.1

Under feudalism, besides imploring investiture, tribute is said to be one of the two most typical activities at the core of diplomatic relations between China and the region, in particular, Vietnam and Japan. By using the comparative method and interdisciplinary approach, the author shows that there are many differences between Vietnam and Japan with regards to tribute activity with China during the feudal period. For example, the start and end of China’s tributary activities with Vietnam and Japan are not the same. The period of Japanese tributary activity was much more loosened than Vietnam. Vietnamese tributary relation was political, while Japan placed economic benefits as the main priority. In particular, the author also proved that although Japan and China had differences in behavior and level of dependence on the tributary activity of Vietnam, both Vietnam and Japan maintained independence and autonomy. Based on the historical, cultural, and geographical characteristics, as well as the position and force correlation of each country in relation to China, this article also explains the causes of these similarities and differences.

Tributary Activities of Vietnam and Korea with China: Similarities and Differences

Nguyen Thi My Hanh 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2021 International Journal of Korean History Vol.26 No.1

상형 문자에 기반을 둔 중국의 문자 체계를 사용하는 두 국가인 한국과 베트남은 전근대 시기 동안 중국과 조공 관계를 유지했습니다. 조공 체제에 속한 다른 국가들에 비교했을 때, 베트남과 한국 모두 전형적인 조공 국가로 간주됩니다. 이 글은 두 국가가 시행했던 조공 활동의 공통점과 차이점들을 다루고 있습니다. 조공의 배경과 조공기간, 조공 사절단의 파견, 사절단 구성원들의 특징, 조공으로 바친 공물들, 그리고 두 국가의 지리적 위치 등과 같은 조공 활동의 몇 가지 양상을 고려하여, 이 글은 조공 관계의 유형적 특성에 대하여 서술하며, 이 체제가 오래 유지될 수 있었던 배경을 설명하고 있습니다. 이 글은 인접한 강대국인 중국에 대한 베트남과 한국의 전근대 시기 외교를 보여줍니다. 양국의 외교활동에서 발견되는 특징들은 현재 이 지역 그리고 세계의 주요 국가들과 관계를 맺을 때 양국이 참고할 수 있는 좋은 지침이 될 수 있습니다. As two countries using China’s writing system based on pictographic characters, Korea and Vietnam both maintained tributary relations with China during the pre-modern period. Compared to other countries in the tributary system, Vietnam and Korea are commonly considered the two archetypal tributary countries. This article examines the common characteristics and the differences in the tributary activities used by these two countries. By considering some aspects of tribute behavior, such as the cause of the tribute, periodicity of tribute, the dispatch of people to pay tribute, characteristics of members of the envoy delegations, the offerings of tribute, and the geographic position of the two countries in the tributary system, this paper describes the typical features of this system and explains the cause for maintaining it for such a long time. This paper also shows the diplomatic behavior of Vietnam - Korea in relations with the dominant neighboring country (China) at that time. These behaviors are still good practices for the two countries in relations with major countries in the region and the world today.

Relaxor Behaviors in xBaTiO₃–(1-x)CoFe₂O₄ Materials

Cao Thi My Dung,Nhu Hoa Tran Thi,Kieu Hanh Thi Ta,Vinh Cao Tran,Bao Thu Le Nguyen,Van Hieu Le,Phuong Anh Do,Anh Tuan Dang,Heongkyu Ju,Bach Thang Phan 한국자기학회 2015 Journal of Magnetics Vol.20 No.4

Dielectric properties of xBaTiO₃–(1-x)CoFe₂O₄ composite materials have been investigated. Dielectric properties of BaTiO₃, CoFe₂O₄ and 0.5BaTiO₃–0.5CoFe₂O₄ samples show frequency dependence, which is classified as relaxor behavior with different relaxing degree. The relaxor behaviors were described using the modified Curier-Weiss and Vogel–Fulcher laws. Among three above samples, the BaTiO₃ sample has highest relaxing degree. Photoluminescence spectral indicated defects, which might in turn control relaxing degree.

Community exposure to arsenic in the Mekong river delta, Southern Vietnam

Hanh, Hoang Thi,Kim, Kyoung-Woong,Bang, Sunbaek,Hoa, Nguyen My Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of environmental monitoring Vol.13 No.7

<P>We examined the daily inorganic arsenic (i-As) intake from drinking water and rice in 45 households (75 individuals) in the An Giang province, Southern Vietnam. The daily i-As intake ranged from 28–102 μg d<SUP>−1</SUP>, equivalent to the daily dose of 0.6–1.9 μg d<SUP>−1</SUP> kg<SUB>(body wt)</SUB><SUP>−1</SUP>. Increased As concentrations were observed in human hair in the study location. Approximately 67% (<I>n</I> = 44), 42% (<I>n</I> = 28), and 15% (<I>n</I> = 10) of the hair samples had As levels exceeding 1, 3, and 10 μg g<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. The total As concentrations in female and male hair correlated well with the total daily i-As intake. Measurement of As concentrations in the hair of people who were consuming or had previously consumed As from contaminated sources may help predict the onset of negative health effects. We suggested an application of the Bayes's theorem to calculate the probability that an individual in a population will acquire a negative health effect, given that the concentration of arsenic in the subject's hair has been determined.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We examined the daily inorganic arsenic (i-As) intake from drinking water and rice in 45 households (75 individuals) in the An Giang province, Southern Vietnam. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1em10037h'> </P>

Factor Affecting Customers Satisfaction About Banking Services: Evidence from Agribank, Vietnam

NGUYEN, Dung Thi,NGUYEN, Ha Quang,PHUNG, Hanh My Tran,THAN, Hoang Viet Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

Today, customer satisfaction is the most important issue for Vietnamese banks. There are numerous factors that influence bank customers' satisfaction. The study investigates the factors that influence customer satisfaction with deposit services at the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) in Bac Giang province, Vietnam, and analyses the impact of each component. The authors used 5-point Likert scales to assess whether elements were related to the factors determining consumer satisfaction with Agribank's deposit service. To perform this study, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression were used to find factors determining customer satisfaction with Agribank services. Customers that use deposit services at Agribank in Bac Giang province, Vietnam, provided samples of 300 survey questionnaires for this study. SPSS software is used to examine the data. Customers' satisfaction with Agribank's deposit service is influenced by six factors, including reliability, responsiveness, service capabilities, empathy, tangible means, and service price, according to the study. This finding also offers some recommendations for improving service quality in local Vietnamese banks to gain a competitive advantage.

Identification of a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (ZAT10) from Arabidopsis as a substrate of MAP kinase

Nguyen, Xuan Canh,Kim, Sun Ho,Lee, Kyunghee,Kim, Kyung Eun,Liu, Xiao-Min,Han, Hay Ju,Hoang, My Hanh Thi,Lee, Shin-Woo,Hong, Jong Chan,Moon, Yong-Hwan,Chung, Woo Sik Springer-Verlag 2012 Plant cell reports Vol.31 No.4

Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

Thi Thu Cuc NGUYEN,My Hanh HO 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.7

Nowadays, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are placed among the key components of the economy in both developed and developing countries. They are internationally known as the driving force based on their enormous contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and generating new employment. They are generally presumed as the leader of environmental sustainability, economic prosperity, and innovation, particularly for the economy of developing countries such as Vietnam. However, SMEs have difficulty in raising capital, as well as access to credit. One of the reasons is that there are inadequacies in accounting information quality in SMEs as well as the provision of accounting information and accounting information confidentiality. The main objective of this study was to identify, evaluate, and measure the attributes of accounting information quality of SMEs in Hanoi. The study was based on a field survey using a semi-structured questionnaire on a sample of 150 accountants. The study has identified and measured six (6) attributes of accounting information quality of SMEs that have great effects on accountants. There is, statistically, no significant difference in the level of accounting information quality of SMEs in Hanoi from these different business areas. There is no, statistically, significant difference in the level of accounting information quality of SMEs in Hanoi between the mentioned three groups of the job description. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for SMEs to improve accounting information quality.

A Comparative Study on the Self-help Approach in Rural Development between Vietnam’s New Rural Development and Korea’s Saemaul Undong

Do Thu Trang,Nguyen Thi My Hanh,Vu Thu Trang 대외경제정책연구원 2016 East Asian Economic Review Vol.20 No.1

Vietnam’s “Doi Moi”, initiated in 1986, translated to high economic growth and rapid urbanization for the country, but also widened the gap between rural and urban areas. Vietnam’s National Target Program on New Rural Development for 2010- 2020 was aimed at developing the rural economy and improving the living standards of rural people, but after five years the urban-rural gap remains substantial. Two of the main reasons are the lack of investment capital and lack of effective ways to mobilize community involvement. In contrast, during the 1970s, rural areas in Korea experienced huge improvements under the “Saemaul Undong” movement. The program’s success at promoting sustainable development in Korea’s rural areas has inspired rural programs in other developing countries. In this paper, we compare and contrast the two movements to provide explanations for the different results between the two countries. Based on this analysis, and policy implications stemming from it, we recommend resource mobilization strategies to change villagers’ attitude and increase their involvement in Vietnam’s rural development movement, aligning with the inclusivity principle “people know, people discuss, people do and people check”.

Factors Affecting the Outsourcing of Accounting Activities in Small and Medium Transport Enterprises in Vietnam

DANG, Thuy Anh,HO, My Hanh,HO, Thi Dieu Anh,NGUYEN, Thi Thanh Hoa Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.10

In the current fast-growing market economy, the accounting-outsourcing trend of small and medium-sized enterprises is on the increase. Studies from both foreign and domestic sources have shown that many factors influence this decision. However, each country has different economic and political characteristics, so these factors and their degree of impact on accounting outsourcing also vary. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the decision to outsource accounting activities of small and medium transport enterprises in Vietnam. A survey of 384 transport SMEs was conducted using the convenience sampling method. A personal interview with owners/managers/CFOs in 3 major cities of Vietnam based on a research review was conducted. The model examines the influence of many independent variables on accounting outsourcing. The multilinear regression analysis shows that the higher the Assets Specificity, the lower the degree of accounting outsourcing. In addition, the degree of outsourcing is positively and significantly related to frequency and trust in accountants. Besides, when we include control variables such as gender, administrative level, firm size, company age, education, and experience into the model. The results show that small and medium enterprises with limited resources should switch from the traditional internal accounting method to a professional accountant with external knowledge. Based on this study, the author proposes several implications for the accounting outsourcing of small and medium-sized transport enterprises in Vietnam to be more effective. Finally, this study also contributes to the basic knowledge of accounting outsourcing.