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Badshah, Mohsin Ali,Ju, Jonghyun,Lu, Xun,Abbas, Naseem,Kim, Seok-min Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.274 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) has significant potential to increase the sensitivity of fluorescence detection by allowing fluorophores to interact with enhanced electromagnetic fields generated by the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of metallic nanostructures. In this study, the MEF of silver (Ag) vertical nanorods (VNR) arrays fabricated by glancing angle deposition were studied for a DNA microarray. To maximize the enhancement effect of Ag-VNR, Ag-VNR arrays with various lengths were fabricated, and fluorescence signals from the Ag-VNR substrates were measured and compared to glass and commercial Amine slides (Amine 2®, Array-it, USA). For the fluorescence signal measurement, Cy5-conjugated Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK-7-Cy5) DNA probes were spotted on each substrate, and their fluorescence signal was measured after blocking and washing processes. A maximum enhancement factor 200× that of the glass substrate was obtained from a Ag-VNR with 500 nm length and was 36 times greater than the commercial Amine slide.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GLAD is simple and effective technique for fabricating large area substrates. </LI> <LI> Significant fluorescence enhancement was observed on vertical nanorod substrates. </LI> <LI> A maximum enhancement factor of ∼200X was achieved on 500 nm long nanorods substrate. </LI> </UL> </P>
Zahra, Zahra,Maqbool, Tahir,Arshad, Muhammad,Badshah, Mohsin Ali,Choi, Hyung-Kyoon,Hur, Jin Elsevier 2019 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.227 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study presents the impacts of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (TNPs) amendment on plant growth, phosphorus (P) content, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in the rhizosphere. For this work, wheat plants (Galaxy-2013) were exposed to soil amended by different amounts of TNPs (i.e., 0, 50, and 100 mg TNP/kg of soil) for 40 days and harvested. The maximum increase in the shoots and roots lengths reached 15.9 ± 0.3% and 3.8 ± 0.3% respectively, which was concurrent with improved P content in the plants. Compared with the control, the P content in the shoots and roots was enriched by 23.4% and 17.9% at 50 mg TNP/kg of soil respectively. The increased electrical conductivity (EC) and decreased pH of the rhizosphere implied that the added TNPs might induce the enhancement of the P dissolution. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the increase of microbial activity as depicted by the humification index (HIX) changing from 0.88 ± 0.02 to 0.92 ± 0.01, with increasing TNPs amendments. Excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) showed the presence of four fluorescent components (C1 to C4) in the rhizosphere. Three of them (C1-C3) were related to humic-like substances, while the C4 was associated with protein-like fluorescence. EEM-PARAFAC results revealed the degradation of C4, and the enhancement of the other three components, which supported the stimulation of microbial activity by the TNPs amendment. This study provided new insights into the relation between improved phytoavailble P in plants and the changes in the rhizosphere soil solution chemistry and the DOM composition upon TNPs amendments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Changes in DOM from TNPs-amended soil were tracked by EEM-PARAFAC. </LI> <LI> TNPs amendment in soil enhanced the growth and P uptake of wheat plants. </LI> <LI> Addition of TNPs resulted in microbial humification of rhizosphere DOM. </LI> <LI> Compositional changes in DOM were associated with TNPs-induced plant growth. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>