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Anther Culture in Crop Plants: Progress and Perspectives
M. Thoihidul Islam(M. Thoihidul Islam ),Mohammad Rashid Arif(Mohammad Rashid Arif ),Md. Toufiq Hasan(Md. Toufiq Hasan ),Arif Hasan Khan Robin(Arif Hasan Khan Robin ) 한국육종학회 2023 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.2
A resurrection has started in haploid and double haploid research in the twenty-first century. The haploid and double haploid could be achieved through in vivo and in vitro anther and microspore culture techniques. Fixing the homozygosity is the most striking benefit of androgenesis. Various factors like genotypic dependency, growth condition, developmental stage of the microspore, pre-treatment, culture media, regeneration media, growth hormones, and various chemicals have a direct effect. Wheat, rice, Brassica, and tobacco are the notable crops where anther and microspore culture has been utilized. These haploidy and double haploidy through anther culture served many purposes of basic and applied research. Especially, double haploid cultivars have been cultivating around the globe. In addition, for chromosome mapping, QTL mapping, marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcrossing, mutation breeding, genome-wide association study, genomic engineering, and genome editing, androgenesis based haploid and double haploid plants have been exploited due to the effectiveness. Recently, researchers are trying to explain albinism that happens during anther culture from an epigenetic perspective. Further prospects of haploid and doubled haploid research through anther culture have been described in this review.
Role of Cytokinins in Clubroot Disease Development
Arif Hasan Khan Robin,Mohammad Rashed Hossain,Hoy-Taek Kim,노일섭,박종인 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.2
Clubroot, caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease of crucifers that causes substantial economic loss worldwide. The disease is characterized by the formation of galls in the root and hypocotyl of infected plants which restricts host vascular cambium development inhibiting efficient water and nutrient uptake by the plant. The pathogen-driven interference of hormonal homeostasis, particularly of cytokinin, in the root tissue is intricately linked with induction of hypertrophy and cell divisions leading to formation of galls. Levels of cytokinins and cell division generally increase at the onset of the disease which declines at the later stages of gall formation. The genes involved cytokinin biosynthesis such as cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenases and isopentenyl transferases shows differential expressions during clubroot infection and gall expansion in root tissues. Wider understanding of the roles of cytokinins and associated genes along the development of the disease will be helpful in unravelling plants defense mechanism against clubroot disease.
Mohammad Rashed Hossain,Mostari Jahan Ferdous,Jong-In Park,Arif Hasan Khan Robin,Sathishkumar Natarajan,Hee-Jeong Jung,Hoy-Taek Kim,Ill-Sup Nou 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.5
Blackleg disease, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, greatly aff ects the production of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ). However,defi nitive R-gene(s) are yet to be identifi ed in this crop. In contrast, a number of R-loci have been identifi ed in A- orB-genome crops. Identifi cation of few resistant cabbage genotypes indicates the presence of R-genes in this C-genome crop. High ancestral synteny between Brassica genomes suggests that the collinear regions of known A- or B-genome R-loci mayalso contain functional R-genes in the C-genome. Strong resistance was observed in the cotyledons of cabbage inbred lineSCNU-98 against two L. maculans isolates, 03–02 s and 00–100 s. We investigated the collinear region of the Brassica napusblackleg resistance locus LepR2’ in B. oleracea since both isolates of L. maculans contain corresponding avirulence genes. The locus was collinear to a 5.8 Mbp genomic segment of B. oleracea chromosome C09 containing 13 genes that have putativedisease resistance-related domains. High expression of genes Bo9g117290 and Bo9g111510 against isolate 00–100 s,and high expression of genes Bo9g126150 and Bo9g111490 against both isolates in the resistant-line SCNU-98 indicatetheir putative roles in blackleg resistance, which remained to be functionally verifi ed. This work enhances our understandingof R-gene-mediated resistance to blackleg in cabbage.
Laser Polarization Effects on the Photodetachment Cross Section of H− Near a Reflecting Surface
Suneela Arif,Muhammad Haneef,Jehan Akbar,Saleh Mohammad,Imran Ullah,Hameed Khan,Nasrullah Shah,Muhammad Zahir,Abdur Rab 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.5
The influence of laser polarization angle on the photodetachment of H<sup>−</sup> near a reflecting surface is investigated based on a theoretical imaging technique. An analytical expression for the photodetachment cross section is derived. The photodetachment cross section of H<sup>−</sup> near a reflecting surface is found to be not only related to the inter-ion-surface distance and the photon energy but also the laser polarization angle <i>θ<sub>L</sub></i>. A strong oscillating structure is noted for <i>θ<sub>L</sub></i> = 0°. As the angle continues to increase, the oscillating structure diminishes, and for <i>θ<sub>L</sub></i> = 90°, the oscillating structure in the cross section reduces to a non-oscillating structure.
Hasan, Md. Anayet,Mazumder, Md. Habibul Hasan,Khan, Md. Arif,Hossain, Mohammad Uzzal,Chowdhury, A.S.M. Homaun Kabir Korea Genome Organization 2014 Genomics & informatics Vol.12 No.4
The harshness of legionellosis differs from mild Pontiac fever to potentially fatal Legionnaire's disease. The increasing development of drug resistance against legionellosis has led to explore new novel drug targets. It has been found that phosphoglucosamine mutase, phosphomannomutase, and phosphoglyceromutase enzymes can be used as the most probable therapeutic drug targets through extensive data mining. Phosphoglucosamine mutase is involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. The purpose of this study was to predict the potential target of that specific drug. For this, the 3D structure of phosphoglucosamine mutase of Legionella pneumophila (strain Paris) was determined by means of homology modeling through Phyre2 and refined by ModRefiner. Then, the designed model was evaluated with a structure validation program, for instance, PROCHECK, ERRAT, Verify3D, and QMEAN, for further structural analysis. Secondary structural features were determined through self-optimized prediction method with alignment (SOPMA) and interacting networks by STRING. Consequently, we performed molecular docking studies. The analytical result of PROCHECK showed that 95.0% of the residues are in the most favored region, 4.50% are in the additional allowed region and 0.50% are in the generously allowed region of the Ramachandran plot. Verify3D graph value indicates a score of 0.71 and 89.791, 1.11 for ERRAT and QMEAN respectively. Arg419, Thr414, Ser412, and Thr9 were found to dock the substrate for the most favorable binding of S-mercaptocysteine. However, these findings from this current study will pave the way for further extensive investigation of this enzyme in wet lab experiments and in that way assist drug design against legionellosis.
Md. Anayet Hasan,Md. Habibul Hasan Mazumder,Md. Arif Khan,Mohammad Uzzal Hossain,A. S. M. Homaun Kabir Chowdhury 한국유전체학회 2014 Genomics & informatics Vol.12 No.4
The harshness of legionellosis differs from mild Pontiac fever to potentially fatal Legionnaire’s disease. The increasingdevelopment of drug resistance against legionellosis has led to explore new novel drug targets. It has been found thatphosphoglucosamine mutase, phosphomannomutase, and phosphoglyceromutase enzymes can be used as the mostprobable therapeutic drug targets through extensive data mining. Phosphoglucosamine mutase is involved in amino sugarand nucleotide sugar metabolism. The purpose of this study was to predict the potential target of that specific drug. For this,the 3D structure of phosphoglucosamine mutase of Legionella pneumophila (strain Paris) was determined by means ofhomology modeling through Phyre2 and refined by ModRefiner. Then, the designed model was evaluated with a structurevalidation program, for instance, PROCHECK, ERRAT, Verify3D, and QMEAN, for further structural analysis. Secondarystructural features were determined through self-optimized prediction method with alignment (SOPMA) and interactingnetworks by STRING. Consequently, we performed molecular docking studies. The analytical result of PROCHECK showedthat 95.0% of the residues are in the most favored region, 4.50% are in the additional allowed region and 0.50% are in thegenerously allowed region of the Ramachandran plot. Verify3D graph value indicates a score of 0.71 and 89.791, 1.11 forERRAT and QMEAN respectively. Arg419, Thr414, Ser412, and Thr9 were found to dock the substrate for the most favorablebinding of S-mercaptocysteine. However, these findings from this current study will pave the way for further extensiveinvestigation of this enzyme in wet lab experiments and in that way assist drug design against legionellosis.