Induction of Kanamycin Resistance Gene of Plasmid pUCD615 by Benzoic Acid and Phenols

( Mitchell ),( Robert J. ),( Han Na Hong ),( Man Bock Gu ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2006 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.16 No.7

Comparison of Photorhabdus Luminescens and Vibrio fischeri Lux Fusions to Study Gene Expression Patterns

( Mitchell ),( Joo Myung Ahn ),( Man Bock Gu ),( Robert J. ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2005 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.15 No.1

HBV : No Detectable Tenofovir Resistance with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) or Emtricitabine+TDF (FTC/TDF) through 96 Weeks in Lamivudine Resistance CHB Patients

( Edward Gane ),( Amoreena C Corsa ),( Yang Liu ),( Ben C Mitchell2 ),( John F Flaherty ),( Michael D Miller ),( Kathryn M Kitrinos ),( Scott Fung ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background/Aim: To evaluate amino acid changes within HBV pol/RT after 96 weeks of treatment with TDF or FTC/ TDF and determine their potential association with TDF resistance. Methods: In Study GS-US-174-0121, 280 patients receiving lamivudine (LAM) with detectable LAM-resistance mutations in HBV pol/RT (LAM-R: rtM204V/I±rtL180M) were randomized 1:1 to receive blinded treatment with TDF or FTC/TDF for 96 weeks. Virologic breakthrough (VB) was defined as confirmed HBV DNA >1 log10 increase from nadir or HBV DNA ≥400 copies/mL (69 IU/mL) after <400 copies/mL. Resistance genotyping by HBV pol/RT sequencing was attempted for all patients at baseline and if viremic (HBV DNA ≥400 copies/ mL) at Week 96/study discontinuation. Results: Overall, 18 patients (9 TDF, 9 FTC/TDF) were viremic viremic at Week 96/last visit. The mean baseline HBV DNA was significantly higher for viremic patients (8.04 log10 copies/mL) compared to patients who did not qualify for genotyping (6.39 log10 copies/mL). In the TDF arm, 3 patients had conserved site changes/reversions (1 with VB), 1 had unique polymorphic site changes, 2 had no change, and 3 were unable to be genotyped. In the FTC/TDF arm, 2 patients had conserved site changes/reversions, 1 had unique polymorphic site changes, 4 had no change, and 2 were unable to be genotyped. No phenotypic resistance to TDF was observed. Four of eight (50%) patients had LAM-R reversions (rtV/I204M±rtM180L) on TDF while 1/8 (12.5%) patients on FTC/TDF had LAM-R reversions. Thirteen patients (4.6%) with prior entecavir (ETV) exposure and 25 patients (8.9%) with baseline ETV-R were enrolled; neither had an impact on viral kinetics. Conclusions: No TDF resistance has been detected through 96 weeks of treatment with either TDF or FTC/TDF in LAM-R patients. The presence of ETV-R or ETV exposure did not impact viral kinetics through 96 weeks. Resistance surveillance in this population will continue through Year 5.

Ramifications of 300 Years of Strawberry Domestication & Breeding

Mitchell Feldmann 한국원예학회 2023 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2023 No.5

Drifting apart? The U,S, -ROK alliance at risk

( Mitchell B Reiss ) 한국국방연구원 2009 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.21 No.1

Given the success of the U.S.-ROK alliance over the past five and half decades, it is far easier to envision that it will remain undisturbed than to imagine major change, let alone the end of the alliance. Yet past history is no guarantee of future success. Major shifts in American foreign policy, new transnational challenges and a changing political, economic, and security environment in Northeast Asia, call into question whether the alliance will last another 10 years, let alone another half century. By the start of the twenty-first century, the United States had increasingly conceptualized the alliance in regional or even global terms, whereas the ROK military, despite some impressive blue-water naval assets, was still wedded to the mission of peninsular defense. Ideally, the United States would like the ROK to join with U.S. forces in addressing regional and global contingencies, in addition to fulfilling its primary missions to deter and, if necessary, defeat North Korea. Yet America`s reorientation of its forces on the Korean peninsula and the ROK`s military transformation were driven more by domestic political concerns than by jointly shared security imperatives. As a result, larger questions about the future of the alliance went begging. With both partners transitioning to new force structures, these measures portended an alliance that was drifting apart, not a maturing alliance that was becoming a more equal and cohesive partnership. Questions remain unanswered, or even unasked, about whether the two partners agree on the strategic environment in the region and the respective roles both should play. Although there have been discussions on the ````future of the alliance,```` these have focused on U.S. base realignment and other details, not on the future security environment in the region and its larger strategic implications. It is these offshore missions, not North Korea, where threat assessments will likely diverge and where alliance disagreements will arise in the future. In short, the two parties have yet to confront the full implications of the military and defense decisions of the past few years, often undertaken unilaterally and attuned more to domestic audiences than to strategic realities. The ability to paper over a lack of common purpose and shared vision may be useful as a temporary placeholder, but it will not provide an adequate foundation for the future viability of the alliance. The good news is that consensus exists in both countries that the alliance needs to be preserved; the bad news is that charting the way ahead is neither easy nor obvious. The risk is that without the development of a clear and common vision of a shared future with defined and mutually agreed-upon roles, the United States and South Korea will gradually drift apart, along with a partnership that has proved so successful over the past half century.

Contemporary Matters : The Australian Experience

Mitchell, Adrian 중앙대학교 호주학연구소 2001 Journal of Australian studies Vol.8 No.1

말과 이미지

Mitchell, W. J. 신라대학교 예술연구소 2002 예술연구 Vol.8 No.-

미술사의 주요한 임무가 시각 이미지에 관한 연구라고 한다면 말과 이미지의 문제는 시각적 재현과 언어와의 관계에 관심의 초점을 맞추고 있다고 할 수 있다. 좀 더 폭넓게 말하자면 말과 이미지는 문학사, 텍스트 연구, 언어학 그리고 주로 언어로 된 표현을 다루는 그 외의 학문 분야와 미술사와의 관계를 의미한다. 좀 더 일반적으로 말하자면 말과 이미지는 재현, 제시 presentation, 상징에 대한 인간 경험을 기본적으로 나누어 명명할 때 붙일 수 있는 일종의 간단한 명칭이다.

Special Education Assessment in the United States : Issues in law and Policy

Mitchell L. Yell 국립특수교육원 2009 특수교육대상학생의 학업성취도 평가에 관한 국제적 동향 Vol. No.

학생의 사정은 최소 3개의 이유에서 특수교육에서 가장 중요한 단계일 수 있다. 첫째, 학생의 부모를 포함하여 사정에 대해 지식을 가지고 있는 인원으로 이루어진 팀이 한 학생에 대해 특수교육에 대한 적격성을 가지고 있다고 결정하지 않는다면, 그 학생은 특수교육 프로그램에 배치될 수 없다. 둘째, 특수교육 프로그램의 모든 측면(학업성취와 기능적 수행능력에 대한 현재 수준, 목표, 특수교육 서비스 등)은 학생의 사정 자료에 기초한다. 만약 사정 자료가 완벽하지 않거나 혹은 부정확하다면, IEP의 나머지 역시 쓸모없게 된다. 세 번째로 IDEIA는 학생이 학습하고 있는지를 결정하기 위하여 특수교육 프로그램 내에서 학생의 진전도를 지속적으로 사정하도록 요구하고 있다. 사정은 단순히 적격성을 결정하기 위해 의례적으로 따라야 하는 것이 아니다; 이보다는 의미있고 측정가능하도록 의도된 특수교육 프로그램을 개발하기 위함이다. IEP의 일차적인 목적은 (a) 학생의 독특한 교육적 요구에 기초한 개별화된 특수교육 프로그램을 개발하고, (b) 프로그램을 실시하고, (c) 그 프로그램이 제대로 작동하는지 혹은 그렇지 않다면 수정해야 하는지 알아보기 위함이다. 사실 무상의 적절한 공교육을 평가하는데 가장 중대한 결정 요인은 학생의 진전도이다. 따라서 사정절차는 각 학생의 FAPE를 위한 기초가 된다. 특수교육 관련자가 IDEA에 따른 그들의 사정 관련 의무를 이해하고, 최선을 다해 이러한 책임을 순행하려고 노력하는 것은 매우 중요하다. The assessment of a student is perhaps the most crucial step in the special education process for at least three reasons. First, a student cannot be placed in a special, education program unless a team of knowledgeable persons, including a student‘s parents, determine that he or she meets the eligibility criteria. Second, every aspect of a student’s special education program (e.g., present levels of academic achievement and functional performance, goals, special education services) is based on his or her assessment data. If the assessment data are not complete or are inappropriate, the rest of the IEP will be flawed. Third, the IDEIA requires continuous assessment of a student‘s progress in his or her special education program to determine if the student is learning. The assessment process is not just about following procedures to determine eligibility; rather it is about developing special education programs that lead to meaningful and measurable educational progress. The primary purpose of the IEP process is to (a) develop an individualized special education program based on a student‘s unique educational needs, (b) implement the program, and (c) see if it works and change it if it is not working. Indeed, it is a student’s progress that is the critical determinant of a free appropriate public education. The assessment process, therefore, is the basis of each student‘s FAPE. It is crucial that special education personnel understand their assessment duties under the IDEA and discharge these responsibilities to the best of their abilities.

Identifying with the L2 Self : Study Abroad Experiences of Japanese English Language Learners

Mitchell Fryer,Peter Roger 아시아영어교육학회 2017 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.14 No.3

A possible self is a combination of the self knowledge, thoughts and beliefs that we have regarding our future potential (Markus & Nurius, 1986). This study investigated the possible selves of eight Japanese niversity study abroad (SA) students. Dörnyei (2005) posited the L2 motivational self-system, comprised of the L2 ideal self as a construct for better understanding and predicting L2 motivation. Several studies and theoretical accounts indicate that discrepancies between current and ideal states can help predict motivation, as the possible self acts as a future self-guide (Dörnyei & Chan, 2013; Higgins, 1987; Ushioda & Dörnyei, 2012). The study identified several key contextual elements that contributed to changes in the participants’ L2 motivational self systems. These included ‘thrown in the deep end’ type interactions, good timing of interactions, conscious moves by the conversation partner to assist the participants, relaxed and positive atmosphere, opportunities to initiate and sustain interactions and one on one interactions that were in line with the participants’ own cultural identity. The findings suggest the contextual elements shaped the participants’ L2 ideal and feared self images and contributed to the identification of discrepancies between current and desired states which influenced study behaviours, goals and motivation over time.

Reclassifying Depressive Illness : Will the New DSM-Ⅲ and DSM-Ⅲ-R Classifications help?

Mitchell, Philip B. Medical Publications Korea 1989 Medical Progress Vol.11 No.3