Detection of Serum Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus Based on HEV Genotype 3 ORF2 Capsid Protein Expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana

Milena Mazalovska,Nikola Varadinov,Tsvetoslav Koynarski,Ivan Minkov,Pavel Teoharov,George P. Lomonossoff,Gergana Zahmanova 대한진단검사의학회 2017 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.37 No.4

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes epidemics in developing countries and is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. There have been recent reports on the zoonotic spread of the virus, and several animal species, primarily pigs, have been recognized as reservoirs of HEV. Because of its possible spread, there is an urgent need of a method for the cost-effective production of HEV proteins that can be used as diagnostic antigens for the serological detection of anti-HEV antibodies. Methods: The HEV open reading frame (ORF)2 protein was purified from plant tissue by using immobilized metal-anion chromatography (IMAC). The recombinant protein was used to develop an in-house ELISA for testing anti-HEV antibodies in both human and swine sera. Thirty-six serum samples collected from patients with serologically proven HEV infection with commercial kits were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies by using the plant-expressed protein. Forty-five serum samples collected from apparently healthy pigs in Bulgarian farms were also tested. Results: We confirmed the transient expression and purification of a truncated version of the HEV genotype 3 capsid protein in Nicotiana benthamiana and its usefulness as a diagnostic antigen. ELISA showed the presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies in 29 of the 36 human samples. The in-house ELISA showed anti-HEV IgG antibodies in 34 of the 45 pigs. Conclusions: We describe a method for the production of HEV ORF2 protein in N. benthamiana and the usefulness of this protein for the serological detection of anti-HEV antibodies in both humans and swine.

Properties of Q-reflexive locally convex spaces

Milena Venkova 대한수학회 2004 대한수학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Q-reflexive locally convex spaces are spaces where n,s,π E e and (P(nE), τb)i are isomorphic in a canonical way for every n. We investigate properties and find examples of such spaces.

The Effects of a-Lipoic Acid on Liver Oxidative Stress and Free Fatty Acid Composition in Methionine–Choline Deficient Diet-Induced NAFLD

Milena N. Stankovic´,Dusˇan Mladenovic,Milica Ninkovic,Ivana Đuričić,Slađana Sobajić,Bojan Jorgačević,Silvio de Luka,Rada Jesic Vukicevic,Tatjana S. Radosavljevic 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.2

Development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs through initial steatosis and subsequent oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a-lipoic acid (LA) on methionine–choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 21) were divided into three groups (n = 7 per group): (1) control fed with standard chow, (2) MCD2 group—fed with MCD diet for 2 weeks, and (3) MCD2+ LA group—2 weeks on MCD receiving LA i.p. 100 mg/kg/day. After the treatment, liver samples were taken for pathohistology, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidative enzymes, and liver free fatty acid (FFA) composition. Mild microvesicular hepatic steatosis was found in MCD2 group, while it was reduced to single fat droplets evident in MCD2+LA group. Lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress were increased by MCD diet, while LA administration induced a decrease in liver malondialdehyde and nitrates + nitrites level. Similary, LA improved liver antioxidative capacity by increasing total superoxide dismutase (tSOD), manganese SOD (MnSOD), and copper/zinc-SOD (Cu/ZnSOD) activity as well as glutathione (GSH) content. Liver FFA profile has shown a significant decrease in saturated acids, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while LA treatment increased their proportions. It can be concluded that LA ameliorates lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress in MCD dietinduced hepatic steatosis through an increase in SOD activity and GSH level. In addition, LA increases the proportion of palmitic, stearic, arachidonic, and DHA in the fatty liver. An increase in DHA may be a potential mechanism of antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of LA in MCD diet-induced NAFLD.

Microstructure Influence on Corrosion Resistance of Brazed AISI 304L/NiCrSiB Joints

Milena Penyaz,Johannes L. Otto,Nikita Popov,Alexander Ivannikov,Anke Schmiedt‑Kalenborn,Frank Walther,Boris Kalin 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10

The characterization of corrosion resistance, which is essential to estimate the lifetime of brazed joints in corrosive environments,is of central importance for many industrial applications and a basic requirement for the reliable and economicoperation of brazed components. High temperature vacuum brazing with thin amorphous-crystalline foils is used for numerousapplications such as exhaust gas heat exchangers. In this study one industrial BNi-5a® and two experimental rapidlysolidified filler metal foils of Ni7Cr7.5Si4Fe1.5B and Ni20Cr7.5Si4Fe4Mo1.5B wt% were used to braze joints of AISI304L. In addition, two holding times at 1160 °C were chosen to investigate the effect of the resulting microstructural differenceson corrosion resistance. Especially the amount and distribution of borides and silicides within the brazing seamcould be changed by the time-dependent diffusion processes, as could be shown by metallographic cross sections. Acceleratedintercrystalline corrosion tests were carried out to evaluate the influence of the microstructure on the corrosion depthand damage mechanisms. Additionally, potentiodynamic polarization measurements in synthetic exhaust gas condensate asan application-oriented corrosion medium were performed for a comparative evaluation of corrosion properties and rate. The combination of high chromium-containing filler metal and increased holding time, which led to a more homogeneousmicrostructure, resulted in a more than five times improved corrosion resistance within both investigations.

스페인의 단체교섭 및 2021년 노동개혁 : 주요 변경 사항에 대한 비판적 분석

Milena Bogoni 한국노동연구원 2022 국제노동브리프 Vol.20 No.7

Macedonia s Cultural Tourism: Treasuring Our Past and Looking to the Future

Milena Taleska. PhD 한국문화관광학회 2021 문화관광연구 Vol.23 No.2

Cultural tourism today is among the fastest growing segments of the world’s leading industry - tourism. National and international travellers nowadays are more and more looking for fulfilling travel destinations that provide authentic historical, cultural, and natural experiences of an area, region or a country. History is one of Macedonia s leading assets, and we are not wrong when we say that not many countries can match Macedonia s rich and diverse legacy or history. And yet, we tend to take our history for granted, even though our cultural heritage represents a vast potential for Republic of Macedonia. Sadly they are not sufficiently promoted and currently they are not adequately used for the purpose of tourism development. The aim of this paper is, through analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of tourism development in the Republic of Macedonia, to emphasize the deficiencies of the tourist offer and identify factors that encourage or limit the development of cultural tourism, to define potential destinations and suggest appropriate measures in order to promote it.

[Mayor of Osaka Prize] 신호는 변하고 있다

Milena Valnarova 현대건축사 2001 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.33

INTEGRATING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN THE VIRTUAL TRANSLATION CLASSROOM

Milena Sazdovsks Pigulovska 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2021 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.01

The introduction of blended learning in translation and interpreting education in Europe has resulted in tremendous changes, such as transiting from traditional translation classrooms to student-centered learning and digital eco-systems for translation as well as switching from traditional learning to experiential learning. Experiential learning is learning through experience, direct involvement and collaboration, whereas it plays a great role in translation and interpreting studies. Experiential education is based on the Experiential Model Theory (Kolb 1984; 2015) and finds application in translation studies (Kiraly; Hofmann 2005). The translator profession is interdisciplinary and translator competences expand beyond linguistic skills, and also require transcultural and communication skills, thematic skills, intrapersonal and interpersonal skills, digital skills and other soft skills (EMT 2017). The purpose of integrating experiential learning in the translation classroom is to enable translators to learn from real life experience, thus acquiring future professional skills. However, the shift to virtual translation classrooms due to the global Covid-19 pandemic makes in increasingly difficult to create a virtual collaborative environment, to implement online project-based learning, to teach digital skills online, to apply emotional intelligence in a virtual translation classroom or to conduct internship in relevant institutions. This paper aims to discuss the main challenges of experiential learning after switching to online education and to suggest alternatives to experiential learning in a virtual translation classroom.

Fast fabrication of mesoporous SiC with high and highly ordered porosity from ordered silica templates

Milena Zorko,Saša Novak,Miran Gaberscek 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2011 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.12 No.6

Three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous SiC samples with highly ordered porosity were prepared using three different routes. The essential difference was in the first step in which sacrificial uniform silica spheres were packed into ordered three-dimensional arrays using: i) sedimentation, ii) centrifugation and iii) electrophoretic deposition (EPD) methods. Regardless of the method used, the quality of arrays was quite high and reproducible. The prepared silica arrays were infiltrated with a pre-ceramic polymer precursor. The infiltration step was followed by a thermal curing step, a pyrolysis step at 850 oC in an Ar atmosphere and, finally, removal of the silica templates by etching with a 3M NaOH solution. The final products were porous 3D SiC samples with typical volumes around 1 cm3 and a pore size of 240 or 650 nm. The synthesized porous SiC was characterized using SEM, TEM and XRD methods.

PROPERTIES OF Q-REFLEXIVE LOCALLY CONVEX SPACES

Venkova, Milena Korean Mathematical Society 2004 대한수학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Q-reflexive locally convex spaces are spaces where $\widehat{\bigotimes}_{n,s,\pi}\;{E_e}^{"}\;and\;\overline{{(P(^nE),\;\taub)_i}^'}$ are isomorphic in a canonical way for every n. We investigate properties and find examples of such spaces.