MARITIME LOGISTICS AND THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM

Michael Sutton 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2007 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.3

This paper examines the relationship between maritime logistics and the world trading system. In practice, world economic prosperity relies upon maritime logistics. Economies manage the strategic role of ports through unilateral reform, port coordination and international cooperation. Trade security needs to incorporate border or ‘supply chain’ security in the context of a broader confidence in the world trading system and the pursuit of common interest. Current multilateral maritime cooperation also needs to accommodate the economics of developing countries as well as the politics of prosperity that influence the priorities of port and maritime reform in developed countries.

DIMENSIONS OF ENERGY SECURITY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC

Michael Sutton 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2008 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.3

Energy security is a vital but controversial policy arena in Asia Pacific trade policy. Recent thinking on energy security is informed by the economic rise of China, the events of September 11 2001 and movement towards renewed global environmental consciousness. The paradox of energy security is that this new environmental thinking has yet to be reconciled with the practical reality of the global economy. The present global economy remains entirely dependant on raw materials and energy, a situation that will continue for the foreseeable future. Technological innovation, creative accounting, new fuel variations and reductions in consumption will leave the fundamentals unaltered. In modern democracies in particular however, the social expectations for radical change will influence the form rather than the substance of economic policy. This policy movement suggests the need for concerted industry efforts to effectively counter ill informed criticisms of the maritime transportation sector. Economic growth in particular will be less important than social expectations for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and lighter ‘carbon footprints’. The coherence of Asia Pacific energy security, let alone a ‘global regime’ is undermined by a variety of Asia Pacific ‘energy securities’ reflecting the industrial and resource structure of economies. Any regional discussions in energy security recognize on one hand the limited scope of existing trade law for the purposes of efficiency and ‘open markets’ and the vitally strategic importance of the resource sector on the other. The settlement of discontent over the utilization of fossil fuels with the drive for economic prosperity remains unresolved but this high visibility issue will continue to distract governments and the public from the potential for practical and meaningful cooperation in Asia Pacific energy security.

Correction of NPL-2013 estimate of the Boltzmann constant for argon isotopic composition and thermal conductivity

de Podesta, Michael,Yang, Inseok,Mark, Darren F,Underwood, Robin,Sutton, Gavin,Machin, Graham BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2015 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.52 No.5

<P>In 2013, a team from NPL, Cranfield University and SUERC published an estimate of the Boltzmann constant based on precision measurements of the speed of sound in argon. A key component of our results was an estimate of the molar mass of the argon gas used in our measurements. To achieve this we made precision comparison measurements of the isotope ratios found in our experimental argon against the ratios of argon isotopes found in atmospheric air. We then used a previous measurement of the atmospheric argon isotope ratios to calibrate the relative sensitivity of the mass spectrometer to different argon isotopes. The previous measurement of the atmospheric argon isotope ratios was carried out at KRISS using a mass spectrometer calibrated using argon samples of known isotopic composition, which had been prepared gravimetrically.</P><P>We report here a new measurement made at KRISS in October 2014, which directly compared a sample of our experimental gas against the same gravimetrically-prepared argon samples. We consider that this direct comparison has to take precedence over our previous more indirect comparison. This measurement implies a molar mass which is 2.73(60) parts in 10<SUP>6</SUP> lighter than our 2013 estimate, a shift which is seven times our 2013 estimate of the uncertainty in the molar mass.</P><P>In this paper we review the procedures used in our 2013 estimate of molar mass; describe the 2014 measurement; highlight some questions raised by the large change in our estimate of molar mass; and describe how we intend to address the inconsistencies between them. We also consider the effect of a new estimate of the low pressure thermal conductivity of argon at 273.16 K. Finally we report our new best estimate of the Boltzmann constant with revised uncertainty, taking account of the new estimates for the molar mass and the thermal conductivity of the argon.</P>

Dynamic assembly of Hda and the sliding clamp in the regulation of replication licensing

Kim, Jin S.,Nanfara, Michael T.,Chodavarapu, Sundari,Jin, Kyeong S.,Babu, Vignesh ,M. ,P.,Ghazy, Mohamed A.,Chung, Scisung,Kaguni, Jon M.,Sutton, Mark D.,Cho, Yunje Oxford University Press 2017 Nucleic acids research Vol.45 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Regulatory inactivation of DnaA (RIDA) is one of the major regulatory mechanisms of prokaryotic replication licensing. In RIDA, the Hda–sliding clamp complex loaded onto DNA directly interacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound DnaA and stimulates the hydrolysis of ATP to inactivate DnaA. A prediction is that the activity of Hda is tightly controlled to ensure that replication initiation occurs only once per cell cycle. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the Hda–β clamp complex. This complex contains two pairs of Hda dimers sandwiched between two β clamp rings to form an octamer that is stabilized by three discrete interfaces. Two separate surfaces of Hda make contact with the β clamp, which is essential for Hda function in RIDA. The third interface between Hda monomers occludes the active site arginine finger, blocking its access to DnaA. Taken together, our structural and mutational analyses of the Hda–β clamp complex indicate that the interaction of the β clamp with Hda controls the ability of Hda to interact with DnaA. In the octameric Hda–β clamp complex, the inability of Hda to interact with DnaA is a novel mechanism that may regulate Hda function.</P>

Evaluation of the Damage Mechanism in CFRP Composite Using Computer Vision

Oh-Heon Kwon,Shaowen Xu,Michael Sutton 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2010 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Continuing progress in high technology has created numerous industrial applications for new advanced composite materials. Among these materials, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminate composite is typically used for low-weight carrying structures that require high specific strength. In this study, the damage mechanism of a compact tension (CT) specimen of woven CFRP laminates is described in terms of strain and displacement changes and crack growth behavior. The digital image correlation (DIC) method (which is employed here as a computer vision technique) is analyzed. Acoustic emission (AE) characteristics are also acquired during fracture tests. The results demonstrate the usefulness of these methods in evaluating the damage mechanism for woven CFRP laminate composites. From the results, we show these methods are so useful in order to evaluate the damage mechanism for woven CFRP laminate composites.

Evaluation of the Damage Mechanism in CFRP Composite Using Computer Vision

Oh-Heon Kwon,Shaowen Xu,Michael Sutton 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2010 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Chromosome conformation elucidates regulatory relationships in developing human brain

Won, Hyejung,de la Torre-Ubieta, Luis,Stein, Jason L.,Parikshak, Neelroop N.,Huang, Jerry,Opland, Carli K.,Gandal, Michael J.,Sutton, Gavin J.,Hormozdiari, Farhad,Lu, Daning,Lee, Changhoon,Eskin, Elea Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature Vol. No.

Three-dimensional physical interactions within chromosomes dynamically regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. However, the 3D organization of chromosomes during human brain development and its role in regulating gene networks dysregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism or schizophrenia, are unknown. Here we generate high-resolution 3D maps of chromatin contacts during human corticogenesis, permitting large-scale annotation of previously uncharacterized regulatory relationships relevant to the evolution of human cognition and disease. Our analyses identify hundreds of genes that physically interact with enhancers gained on the human lineage, many of which are under purifying selection and associated with human cognitive function. We integrate chromatin contacts with non-coding variants identified in schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (GWAS), highlighting multiple candidate schizophrenia risk genes and pathways, including transcription factors involved in neurogenesis, and cholinergic signalling molecules, several of which are supported by independent expression quantitative trait loci and gene expression analyses. Genome editing in human neural progenitors suggests that one of these distal schizophrenia GWAS loci regulates FOXG1 expression, supporting its potential role as a schizophrenia risk gene. This work provides a framework for understanding the effect of non-coding regulatory elements on human brain development and the evolution of cognition, and highlights novel mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders.