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朱美英(Zhu Mei Ying),白知永(Peck Jee Young) 중국문화연구학회 2016 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.31
This work investigates if Chinese has a past tense as a grammatical category or not, and also what are the major linguistic methods to mark the notion of past in Chinese. We selected one of the most widely read Korean written novel and its Chinese translation in as a corpus for our comparative analysis. We extracted sentences which include ‘-었-’ or ‘-었었-’ from Korean data and their corresponding sentences in the Chinese data. Then for Chinese sentences, we annotated what methods each sentence uses to express the notion of past, among the eight types of methods which have been observed as a past tense marker by previous studies. These methods are zero marking, lexical expression, temporal adverb, mei+V, resultative phrase, aspect markers le/zhe/guo, V+de, and sentence final particles le2/laizhe. Then each marker was ranked according to their frequency: the most frequently used method is zero marking, followed by aspect markers+mei, then by resultative phrase. The least frequently used methods are ‘de’ to begin with, followed by temporal adverb and sentence final particle le2. Our statistics demonstrates different weight of each past marker in Chinese. Next, we classified each marker into three different types, namely, syntactic, lexical and pragmatic categories, and the ratio between these three categories is 42:19:39. This result indicates that Chinese sentences rely on grammatical method with 42% of weight, lexical method with 19% of weight and pragmatic method with 39% of weight when expressing the notion of past. Our statistics supports the hypothesis that Chinese does not have a grammatical category of Tense which includes Past as its subcategory. Furthermore, based on the statistics, this study also provides some useful suggestions for teaching and learning regarding how to express the notion of past when dealing with verbs denoting various aspectual properties in Chinese. The statistical analysis drawn from Korean-Chinese comparative corpus in this work sheds light on the study of Tense in Chinese as well as the study of pedagogy for Tense and Aspect of Chinese.
Mei Zhu,Weijun Fu,Chen Xun,Guanglong Zou 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.1
An efficient synthetic method for the preparation of quinolines through indium(III) chloride-catalyzed tandem addition-cyclization-oxidation reactions of imines with alkynes was developed. The processes can provide a diverse range of quinoline derivatives in good yields from simple imines and alkynes.
Zhu, Mei,Fu, Weijun,Xun, Chen,Zou, Guanglong Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.1
An efficient synthetic method for the preparation of quinolines through indium(III) chloride-catalyzed tandem addition-cyclization-oxidation reactions of imines with alkynes was developed. The processes can provide a diverse range of quinoline derivatives in good yields from simple imines and alkynes.
Limonoids from the roots of Trichilia sinensis and their cytotoxicities
Zhu-Nian Wang,Wen-Li Mei,Hui-Qin Chen,Jun Wang,Zhu-Nian Wang,Hao Fu Dai 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.12
Six new compounds (1–4, 8, 10), along with six known limonoids (5–7, 9, 11, 12), were isolated from the roots of Trichilia sinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, 1H–1H COSY and ROESY experiments, as well as by comparison with the literature. All the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicities against K562, SGC-7901 and BEL-7402 cell lines. Compounds 2, 7, 10, 11, and 12 showed weak inhibitory activity to the selected cell lines.
Motives for Empathy among Clinical Nurses in China: A Qualitative Study
Zhu, Yu,He, Ming-Mei,Zhu, Ji-Min,Huang, Li,Li, Bai-Kun 한국간호과학회 2020 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.50 No.6
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the motives of clinical nurses for experiencing empathy with patients and their families based on a self-determination theory framework. Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with twenty-one nurses at four tertiary hospitals in Anhui, China, were conducted, recorded and transcribed. A content analysis with a directed approach was performed. Results: An analysis of the interview transcripts revealed three categories of empathy motivation: autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and a lack of empathy motivation. Autonomous motivation included personal interests, enjoyment and a sense of value, pure altruism, assimilation, and recognition of the importance of empathy. Controlled motivation highlighted pressures from oneself and others, the possibility of tangible or intangible rewards, and avoidance of adverse effects. Finally, a lack of empathy motivation referred to a lack of intention for empathy and denial of the value of empathy. Conclusion: This study provides a deep understanding of the motives underlying empathy in nurses. The results reveal the reasons for empathy and may support the development of effective strategies to foster and promote empathy in nurses.
Pin1 Promoter rs2233678 and rs2233679 Polymorphisms in Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Zhu, Yan-Mei,Liu, Jing-Wei,Xu, Qian,Yuan, Yuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10
PIN1 is one member of the parvulin PPIase family. By controlling Pro-directed phosphorylation, PIN1 plays an important role in cell transformation and oncogenesis. There are many polymorphisms in the PIN1 gene, including rs2233678 and rs2233679 affecting the PIN1 promoter. Recently, a number of case-control studies were conducted to investigate the association between PIN1 gene rs2233678 and rs2233679 polymorphism and cancer risk. However, published data are still conflicting. In this paper, we summarized data for 5,427 cancer cases and 5,469 controls from 9 studies and attempted to assess the susceptibility of PIN1 gene polymorphism to cancers by a synthetic meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the relationship. All analyses were performed using Stata software. Our results suggested that rs2233678 represented a protective factor in overall analysis (CC vs GG: OR= 0.697, 95%CI: 0.498-0.976; CG vs GG: OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.572-0.858; Dominant model: OR= 0.707, 95%CI: 0.590-0.847; C allele vs G allele: OR=0.734, 95%CI: 0.623-0.867) and especially for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, lung cancer and breast cancer in Asians and Caucasians. The rs2233679 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased cancer risk in overall analysis (CT vs CC: OR=0.893, 95%CI=0.812-0.981; Dominant model: OR=0.893, 95%CI=0.816-0.976; T allele vs C allele; OR=0.947, 95%CI=0.896-1.000) and especially in Asians. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that -842G>C (rs2233678) and -667C>T (rs2233679) may contribute to genetic susceptibility for cancer risks. Further prospective research with larger numbers of worldwide participants is warranted to draw comprehensive and firm conclusions.
Zhu, Xue-Mei,Hu, Jiang-Ning,Shin, Jung-Ah,Lee, Jeung-Hee,Hong, Soon-Teak,Lee, Ki-Teak The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2010 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.15 No.4
The chemical characteristics of seed oils of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) at different ages grown in Korea (3, 4 and 5-year old) and China (5-year old), and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliu L., 5-year old) grown in China were compared. Total fatty acid composition showed a significantly higher oleic acid content in American (87.50%) than in Korean (68.02~69.14%) and Chinese ginseng seed oils (61.19%). At the sn-2 position, the highest oleic acid (81.09%) and lowest linoleic acid (15.77%) were found in American ginseng seed oil. The main triacylglycerol species in ginseng seed oils were triolein (OOO) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (LOO)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-linoleoyl-glycerol (OLO). In addition, the seed oils possessed an ideal oxidative stability showing 16.55~23.12 hr of induction time by Rancimat test. The results revealed that ginseng seed oil could be developed as a new healthy edible oil, and that the oil's chemical characteristics were strongly associated with the ginseng species and habitats.