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Towards a Slime Mould-FPGA Interface
Richard Mayne,Michail-Antisthenis Tsompanas,Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis,Andrew Adamatzky 대한의용생체공학회 2015 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.5 No.1
Purpose The plasmodium of slime mould Physarumpolycephalum is a multinucleate single celled organism whichbehaves as a living amorphous unconventional computingsubstrate. As an excitable, memristive cell that typicallyassumes a branching or stellate morphology, slime mould isa unique model organism that shares many key properties ofmammalian neurons. There are numerous studies that revealthe computing abilities of the plasmodium realized by theformation of tubular networks connecting points of interest. Recent research demonstrating typical responses in electricalbehaviour of the plasmodium to certain chemical and physicalstimuli has generated interest in creating an interface betweenP. polycephalum and digital logic, with the aim to performcomputational tasks with the resulting device. Methods Through a range of laboratory experiments, wemeasure plasmodial membrane potential via a non-invasivemethod and use this signal to interface the organism with adigital system. Results This digital system was demonstrated to performpredefined basic arithmetic operations and is implemented ina field-programmable gate array (FPGA). These basic arithmeticoperations, i.e. counting, addition, multiplying, use data thatwere derived by digital recognition of membrane potentialoscillation and are used here to make basic hybrid biologicalartificialsensing devices. Conclusions We present here a low-cost, energy efficientand highly adaptable platform for developing next-generationmachine-organism interfaces. These results are therefore applicable to a wide range of biological/medical and computing/electronics fields.
L. V. Mayne,T. J. Pell, G. F. Baxter,D. M. Yellon,D. S. Latchman,M. F. Hubank,M.A.C. Fauchon,G. F. Baxter 생화학분자생물학회 2005 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.37 No.4
Preconditioning of the myocardium rapidly induces a number of transcription factors, which are likely to be responsible for a cascade of transcriptional changes underlying the development of delayed adaptation. Identifying these changes provides in-sight into the molecular pathways elicited by delayed adaptation. Genes up-regulated in rabbit myocardium in vivo by ischaemic preconditioning following reperfusion for 2 h, 4 h and 6 h post- treatment were identified by representational dif-ference analysis of cDNA (cDNA. RDA). The area of the left ventricle rendered ischaemic by precon-ditioning or the equivalent area of sham-treated animals was isolated and cDNA.RDA performed. Three novel genes and six genes with known function where identified, including the TGFβ receptor interacting protein 1, the α isoform of the A subunit of PP2 and the cap binding protein NCBP1. To determine whether expression of these genes correlated with preconditioning per se, expression was measured in myocardium after both ischaemic as well as heat shock induced preconditioning following 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h reperfusion. These genes were induced in rabbit myocardium in vivo by both ischaemia and heat shock, consistent with a fundamental role in the development of delayed adaptation. The well described role of PP2 in modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and promoting cell survival is consistent with our previous work, which identified the reper-fusion injury salvage kinase pathway in mediating the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning. Expression of Trip1 and Ncbp1 also implicates TGFβ signalling pathways and RNA processing and transport in delayed adaptation to stress in the myocardium.
Quantum Interference Channeling at Graphene Edges
Yang, Heejun,Mayne, Andrew J.,Boucherit, Mohamed,Comtet, Geneviè,ve,Dujardin, Gé,rald,Kuk, Young American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.3
<P>Electron scattering at graphene edges is expected to make a crucial contribution to the electron transport in graphene nanodevices by producing quantum interferences. Atomic-scale scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) topographies of different edge structures of monolayer graphene show that the localization of the electronic density of states along the C−C bonds, a property unique to monolayer graphene, results in quantum interference patterns along the graphene carbon bond network, whose shapes depend only on the edge structure and not on the electron energy.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-3/nl9038778/production/images/medium/nl-2009-038778_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl9038778'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl9038778'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl9038778'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
STM imaging, spectroscopy and manipulation of a self-assembled PTCDI monolayer on epitaxial graphene
Yang, H.,Mayne, A. J.,Comtet, G.,Dujardin, G.,Kuk, Y.,Sonnet, Ph.,Stauffer, L.,Nagarajan, S.,Gourdon, A. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.15 No.14
<P>Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS), and manipulation studies were performed on an ordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(1-hexylheptyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) molecules on epitaxial graphene on hexagonal silicon carbide – SiC(0001). Four novel aspects of the molecular SAM on graphene are presented. Molecules adsorb in both armchair and zig-zag configurations, giving rise to six orientations of the molecular layer with respect to the underlying substrate. The interaction between the molecules and the graphene surface shifts the LUMO towards the Fermi level, inducing a charge transfer and the opening of a band gap in the graphene, with the LUMO inside. This decouples the LUMO from the surface rendering it invisible in the d<I>I</I>/d<I>V</I> spectroscopy. The HOMO only becomes visible at short tip-surface distances, as its energy lies within the band gap of the SiC substrate. Finally, the observed molecular defects are very particular, being composed exclusively of molecular dimers. These molecular dimers have a stronger interaction with the graphene than other molecules.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of a self-assembled hexyl heptyl PTCDI monolayer on epitaxial graphene reveal molecules adsorbed in two configurations. Charge transfer induces band gap opening in graphene and decouples the LUMO. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cp42591f'> </P>
Yang, H.,Boudrioua, O.,Mayne, A. J.,Comtet, G.,Dujardin, G.,Kuk, Y.,Sonnet, Ph.,Stauffer, L.,Nagarajan, S.,Gourdon, A. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.14 No.5
<P>Controlling the intrinsic optical and electronic properties of a single molecule adsorbed on a surface requires electronic decoupling of some molecular orbitals from the surface states. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations are used to study a perylene molecule derivative (DHH-PTCDI), adsorbed on the clean 3 × 3 reconstructed wide band gap silicon carbide surface (SiC(0001)-3 × 3). We find that the LUMO of the adsorbed molecule is invisible in <I>I</I>(<I>V</I>) spectra due to the absence of any surface or bulk states and that the HOMO has a very low saturation current in <I>I</I>(<I>z</I>) spectra. These results present a paradox that the molecular orbitals are electronically isolated from the surface of the wide band gap semiconductor even though strong chemical bonds are formed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Organic molecule adsorption on the SiC surface forms strong chemical bonds but certain molecular orbitals are electronically decoupled from the substrate. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cp23104b'> </P>
Hatred and misogyny in social networks, a menace to female political representation
Andrea Gartenlaub-González,Alida Mayne-Nicholls 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2022 에피스테메 Vol.- No.27
Misogyny as a social historical phenomenon has manifested itself in different ways through the ages and societies. With the arrival of the Internet and the use of social networks, these behaviours and manifestations of hatred towards women have changed, but they have also intensified their violence, recurrence and, at the same time, reinforce stereotypes and entrenched sociocultural behaviours that reproduce the traditional role of women. Misogyny in social networks is a phenomenon that particularly resists accepting the visibility of women when holding important political positions, attacking mainly women who exercise their rights and in particular when they participate in electoral processes. The objective of this chapter is to know how the specialized literature is analysing this phenomenon and how certain ideologies use it as part of their political discourse strategies.