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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Masaaki Mishima (검색결과 3 건)
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엄익환,Eun-Hee Kim,Li-Ra Im,Masaaki Mishima 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.9
Second-order rate constants (kN) have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted benzoates (X = 4-MeO, H and 4-NO2) with a series of Z-substituted pyridines in 80 mol % H2O/20 mol % DMSO at 25.0 ± 0.1 oC. The Brønsted-type plots exhibit downward curvature (e.g., β2 = 0.89 ~ 0.96 when pKa <9.5 while β1 = 0.38 ~ 0.46 when pKa > 9.5), indicating that the reaction proceeds through a stepwise mechanism with a change in rate-determining step (RDS). The pKa o, defined as the pKa at the center of Brønsted curvature, has been analyzed to be 9.5 regardless of the electronic nature of the substituent X in the benzoyl moiety. Dissection of kN into the microscopic rate constants k1 and k2/k–1 ratio has revealed that k1 is governed by the electronic nature of the substituent X but the k2/k–1 ratio is not. Theoretical calculations also support the argument that the electronic nature of the substituent X in the benzoyl moiety does not influence the k2/k–1 ratio.
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Scoliosis Caused by Limb-Length Discrepancy in Children
Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Ando Kei,Nakashima Hiroaki,Machino Masaaki,Morozumi Masayoshi,Kanbara Shunsuke,Ito Sadayuki,Inoue Taro,Yamaguchi Hidetoshi,Mishima Kenichi,Ishiguro Naoki,Imagama Shiro 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.6
Study Design: Single-center retrospective study in pediatric patients.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the presence and severity of leg-length discrepancy (LLD) on scoliosis in children.Overview of Literature: LLD is a common orthopedic problem that can result in standing imbalance, low back pain, and stress fractures. It may cause structural changes in the spine over time, but the exact effect of LLD on scoliosis is unknown.Methods: The subjects were 23 children with LLD ≥20 mm (range, 27–65 mm) treated at Nagoya University Hospital between 2007 and 2017. Whole spine posteroanterior standing radiographs and whole lower limb radiographs in a supine position were recorded. Data were collected for demographics, LLD, Cobb angle, pelvic obliquity, and Nash/Moe index. Scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle ≥10°. Leg length was measured from the top of the femoral head to the middle of the tibial plafond, and LLD was defined as the difference between the left and right leg lengths.Results: The patients (nine males and 14 females) had a mean age of 14.0 years (range, 5–18 years). The average LLD was 44.3±17.2 mm, with LLDs of 20 to 39 mm, 40 to 59 mm, and ≥60 mm in 13, five, and five subjects, respectively. The average Cobb angle was 13.0°±7.0°, and 15 subjects (65%) had scoliosis. Convexity of the scoliosis was to the short leg side in all cases. The Cobb angle was significantly related to the severity of the LLD (<i>R</i>=0.736, <i>p</i><0.01), pelvic obliquity (<i>R</i>=0.966, <i>p</i><0.01), and Nash/Moe index (<i>p</i><0.05).Conclusions: LLD is a common pediatric condition that can cause scoliosis of the spine. Severe scoliosis may develop if the LLD is ≥30 mm. Long-term studies are needed to examine the effect of LLD resolution on the elimination of scoliosis.
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Um, Ik-Hwan,Kim, Eun-Hee,Im, Li-Ra,Mishima, Masaaki Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.9
Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted benzoates (X = 4-MeO, H and 4-$NO_2$) with a series of Z-substituted pyridines in 80 mol % $H_2O$/20 mol % DMSO at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The Br${\o}$nsted-type plots exhibit downward curvature (e.g., $\beta_2$ = 0.89 ~ 0.96 when $pK_a$ < 9.5 while $\beta_1$ = 0.38 ~ 0.46 when $pK_a$ > 9.5), indicating that the reaction proceeds through a stepwise mechanism with a change in rate-determining step (RDS). The ${pK_a}^o$, defined as the $pK_a$ at the center of Br${\o}$nsted curvature, has been analyzed to be 9.5 regardless of the electronic nature of the substituent X in the benzoyl moiety. Dissection of $k_N$ into the microscopic rate constants $k_1$ and $k_2/k_{-1}$ ratio has revealed that $k_1$ is governed by the electronic nature of the substituent X but the $k_2/k_{-1}$ ratio is not. Theoretical calculations also support the argument that the electronic nature of the substituent X in the benzoyl moiety does not influence the $k_2/k_{-1}$ ratio.
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