The Effect of a Dietary Carbohydrase Enzyme System on Blood Glucose Levels When Combined with Foods of Varying Glycemic Index in Male Sprague–Dawley Rats

Mark L. Anderson 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.1

Extensive research has shown that physical performance and recovery can be improved by maintaining or enhancing glucose availability. Carbogen (Triarco Industries, Wayne, NJ, USA), a patented dietary fungal carbohydrase enzyme system, converts complex carbohydrates and fiber into simpler carbohydrates when ingested. Supplementing the enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates and fiber that may be digested very slowly or not at all in vivo may increase the availability of glucose. This may be reflected by increased absorption rates and higher measurable levels of whole blood glucose (WBG) that may be bioavailable for extended energy production. These preliminary investigations evaluate the ability of Carbogen to produce a rapid and more sustained increase in WBG levels when combined with a variety of food substrates commonly used by athletes and non-athletes to increase levels of physical activity. To investigate this, food substrates having a low, moderate, or high glycemic index (GI) with various amounts of total carbohydrates and dietary fiber were used. The individually tested substrates include soy nuts, cooked pasta, meal replacement bars, a nutrition shake, and a carbohydrate sports supplement. The investigations presented here consist of seven separate preclinical rat feasibility studies conducted over a period of approximately 12 months. The collective results presented here identify specific attributes of a category of food substrates common to sports nutrition enthusiasts that may significantly increase WBG levels over an extended time when dosed with Carbogen. Specifically, using Carbogen with a food substrate having a low or moderate GI and containing dietary fiber may increase the rate of glucose absorption and maintain significant increases in WBG levels.

Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert

Aartsen, Mark,Ackermann, Markus,Adams, Jenni,Aguilar, Juan Antonio,Ahlers, Markus,Ahrens, Maryon,Al Samarai, Imen,Altmann, David,Andeen, Karen,Anderson, Tyler,Ansseau, Isabelle,Anton, Gisela,Arguelles American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.361 No.6398

<P><B>Neutrino emission from a flaring blazar</B></P><P>Neutrinos interact only very weakly with matter, but giant detectors have succeeded in detecting small numbers of astrophysical neutrinos. Aside from a diffuse background, only two individual sources have been identified: the Sun and a nearby supernova in 1987. A multiteam collaboration detected a high-energy neutrino event whose arrival direction was consistent with a known blazar—a type of quasar with a relativistic jet oriented directly along our line of sight. The blazar, TXS 0506+056, was found to be undergoing a gamma-ray flare, prompting an extensive multiwavelength campaign. Motivated by this discovery, the IceCube collaboration examined lower-energy neutrinos detected over the previous several years, finding an excess emission at the location of the blazar. Thus, blazars are a source of astrophysical neutrinos.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 147, p. eaat1378</P><P>A high-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube on 22 September 2017 was coincident in direction and time with a gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056. Prompted by this association, we investigated 9.5 years of IceCube neutrino observations to search for excess emission at the position of the blazar. We found an excess of high-energy neutrino events, with respect to atmospheric backgrounds, at that position between September 2014 and March 2015. Allowing for time-variable flux, this constitutes 3.5σ evidence for neutrino emission from the direction of TXS 0506+056, independent of and prior to the 2017 flaring episode. This suggests that blazars are identifiable sources of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux.</P>

Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

Aartsen, Mark,Ackermann, Markus,Adams, Jenni,Aguilar, Juan Antonio,Ahlers, Markus,Ahrens, Maryon,Al Samarai, Imen,Altmann, David,Andeen, Karen,Anderson, Tyler,Ansseau, Isabelle,Anton, Gisela,Argü American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.361 No.6398

<P>Previous detections of individual astrophysical sources of neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017, we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of ~290 tera-electron volts. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known γ-ray blazar, TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multiwavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to γ-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy γ-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a γ-ray-emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.</P>

Expression profile of an operationally-defined neural stem cell clone

Parker, Mark A.,Anderson, Julia K.,Corliss, Deborah A.,Abraria, Victoria E.,Sidman, Richard L.,Park, Kook In,Teng, Yang D.,Cotanche, Douglas A.,Snyder, Evan Y. Elsevier 2005 Experimental neurology Vol.194 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the most primordial and least committed cells of the nervous system, the cells that exist <I>before</I> regional specification develops. Because immunocytochemically-detectable markers that are sufficiently specific and sensitive to define an NSC have not yet been fully defined, we have taken the strong view that, to be termed a “stem cell” in the nervous system—in contrast to a “progenitor” or “precursor” (whose lineage commitment is further restricted)—a <I>single neuroectodermally-derived cell</I> must fulfill an operational definition that is essentially similar to that used in hematopoiesis. In other words, it must possess the following functional properties: (1) “Multipotency”, i.e., the ability to yield mature cells in all three fundamental neural lineages throughout the nervous system—neurons (of all subtypes), astrocytes (of all types), oligodendrocytes—in multiple regional and developmental contexts and in a region and developmental stage-appropriate manner. (2) The ability to populate a developing region and/or repopulate an ablated or degenerated region of the nervous system with appropriate cell types. (3) The ability to be serially transplanted. (4) “Self-renewal”, i.e., the ability to produce daughter cells (including new NSCs) with identical properties and potential. Having identified a murine neural cell clone that fulfills this strict operational definition—in contrast to other studies that used less rigorous or non-operational criteria for defining an NSC (e.g., the “neurosphere” assay)—we then examined, by comparing gene expression profiles, the relationship such a cell might have to (a) a <I>multipotent</I> somatic stem cell from another organ system (the hematopoietic stem cell [HSC]); (b) a <I>pluripotent</I> stem cell derived from the inner cell mass and hence without organ assignment (an embryonic stem cell); (c) neural cells isolated and maintained primarily as neurospheres but without having been subjected to the abovementioned operational screen (“CNS-derived neurospheres”). ESCs, HSCs, and operationally-defined NSCs—all of which have been identified not only by markers but by functional assays in their respective systems and whose state of differentiation could be synchronized—shared a large number of genes. Although, as expected, the most stem-like genes were expressed by ESCs, NSCs and HSCs shared a number of genes. CNS-derived neurospheres, on the other hand, expressed fewer “stem-like” genes held in common by the other operationally-defined stem cell populations. Rather they displayed a profile more consistent with differentiated neural cells. (Genes of neural identity were shared with the NSC clone.) Interestingly, when the operationally-defined NSC clone was cultured as a neurosphere (rather than in monolayer), its expression pattern shifted from a “stem-like” pattern towards a more “differentiated” one, suggesting that the neurosphere, without functional validation, may be a poor model for predicting stem cell attributes because it consists of heterogeneous populations of cells, only a small proportion of which are truly “stem-like”. Furthermore, when operational definitions are employed, a common set of stem-like genes does emerge across both embryonic and somatic stem cells of various organ systems, including the nervous system.</P>

CRITICAL FLOW EXPERIMENT AND ANALYSIS FOR SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

Mignot, Guillaume,Anderson, Mark,Corradini, Michael Korean Nuclear Society 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.2

The use of Supercritical Fluids(SCF) has been proposed for numerous power cycle designs as part of the Generation IV advanced reactor designs, and can provide for higher thermal efficiency. One particular area of interest involves the behavior of SCF during a blowdown or depressurization process. Currently, no data are available in the open literature at supercritical conditions to characterize this phenomenon. A preliminary computational analysis, using a homogeneous equilibrium model when a second phase appears in the process, has shown the complexity of behavior that can occur. Depending on the initial thermodynamic state of the SCF, critical flow phenomena can be characterized in three different ways; the flow can remain in single phase(high temperature), a second phase can appear through vaporization(high pressure low temperature) or condensation(high pressure, intermediate temperature). An experimental facility has been built at the University of Wisconsin to study SCF depressurization through several diameter breaks. The preliminary results obtained show that the experimental data can be predicted with good agreement by the model for all the different initial conditions.

Toothpick in the porta: Recurrent liver abscesses secondary to transgastric migration of a toothpick with successful surgical exploration retrieval

Sami Kishawi,Mark Joseph Anderson,Kenneth Chavin 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.3

We present a rare case of a 72-year-old man with recurrent hepatic abscesses secondary to transgastric migration of a toothpick into the liver parenchyma and left portal venous branch. Prior to identification of the foreign body, the patient received multiple courses of antibiotics and underwent image-guided catheter placement without resolution of infection. Given his refractory abdominal pain, fevers, and chills, a repeat abdominal CT was obtained and demonstrated a radio-opaque object extending through the prepyloric gastric submucosa into the liver parenchyma and left portal vein. EGD confirmed a pre-pyloric fistula tract with purulent discharge. The patient subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy, cholecystectomy, porta hepatis exploration, removal of foreign body, and ligation of porto-enteric fistula tract. A wooden toothpick was removed in its entirety. Interval CT demonstrated resolution of hepatic abscesses and no evidence of persistent porto-enteric fistula. This exceptional case demonstrates the value of multidisciplinary care, hypervigilance for patients with refractory pyogenic liver abscesses of unknown origin, and the importance of careful preoperative planning.

Late presenting bilateral squamosal synostosis

Diab, Jason,Anderson, Peter J.,Moore, Mark H. Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2020 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.21 No.2

Premature fusion of one or other of the minor sutures can subtly influence the shape of the human skull. Although infrequently reported or not clinically recognized, it can such contribute to a variety of craniofacial dysmorphisms. We herein report a case of late presenting, isolated bilateral synostosis of the squamosal suture dysmorphologies whose presentation mimics aspects of sagittal synostosis.

고압 환경 하에서의 사고저항성 핵연료(ATF)를 이용한 강제대류 비등열전달 실험

이동휘,Tiago Augusto Moreira,Mark Anderson 한국유체기계학회 2022 한국유체기계학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

The Effect of Light Gases in Noncondensable Mixtures on Condensation Heat Transfer

Luis E. Herranz,Mark H. Anderson,Michael L. Corradini 대한기계학회 1998 Heat transter conference Vol.6 No.1

Static versus Expandable Interbody Fusion Devices: A Comparison of 1-Year Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Ledesma Jonathan Andrew,Lambrechts Mark J.,Dees Azra,Thomas Terence,Hiranaka Cannon Greco,Kurd Mark Faisal,Radcliff Kris E.,Anderson David Greg 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of static versus expandable interbody cages in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using minimally invasive surgery (MIS-TLIF). Overview of Literature: Expandable interbody cages may potentially improve radiographic and clinical outcomes following MIS-TLIF compared to static pages, but at a potentially higher cost and increased rates of subsidence. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 1- and 2-level MIS-TLIFs performed from 2014 to 2020 was reviewed. Radiographic measurements were obtained preoperatively, 6 weeks postoperatively, and at final follow-up. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back, and VAS leg were evaluated. Multivariate linear regression analysis determined the effect of cage type on the change in PROMs, controlling for demographic characteristics. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 221 patients underwent MIS-TLIF including 136 static and 85 expandable cages. Expandable cages had significantly greater anterior (static: 11.41 mm vs. expandable: 13.11 mm, p<0.001) and posterior disk heights (static: 7.22 mm vs. expandable: 8.11 mm, p<0.001) at 1-year follow-up. Expandable cages offered similar improvements in segmental lordosis at 6 weeks (static: 1.69° vs. expandable: 2.81°, p=0.243), but segmental lordosis was better maintained with expandable cages leading to significant differences at 1-year follow-up (static: 0.86° vs. expandable: 2.45°, p=0.001). No significant differences were noted in total complication (static: 12.5% vs. expandable: 16.5%, p=0.191) or cage subsidence rates (static: 19.7% vs. expandable: 22.4%, p=0.502) groups at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Expandable devices provide greater improvements in radiographic measurements including anterior disk height, posterior disk height, and segmental lordosis, but this did not lead to significant improvements in PROMs, complication rates, subsidence rates, or subsidence distance.