Traditional smoking of Wallachian cheeses and sausages in Polish and Slovak parts of the Carpathian Mountains

Migdał Władysław,Marcinčák Slavomír,Walczycka Maria,Domagała Jacek,Pluta-Kubica Agnieszka,Filipczak-Fiutak Magda,Migdał Anna,Migdał Łukasz 한국식품연구원 2024 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.11 No.1

Wallachian expansion brought to the Carpathian Mountains a system of shepherd economy—farming, production of Wallachian cheeses, animals adapted to life in difficult mountain conditions—mainly sheep of the Cakiel breed group. Mountain sheep's milk is used to produce traditional cheeses: bundz, bryndza podhalańska, oscypek, redykołka—on the Polish side and Slovenská bryndza, Slovenská parenica, Slovenský oštiepok, Ovčí hrudkový syr salašnícky—on the Slovak side. Also sausages are made from sheep meat. These cheeses and sausages are salted and then traditionally smoked. The source of heat and smoke is hard wood with appropriate humidity, burned in the hearth located in the shepherd's hut, over which the cheeses are placed under the roof. Among several hundred smoke components, there are also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which, on the one hand, give the smoked product its taste and aroma, and on the other hand have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Sausages and cheeses from Poland and Slovakia, made from milk and meat of native sheep breeds, preserved by traditional smoking, were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content. The analyzed cheeses were characterized by a trace or low content of benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene. In cheeses from outer Eastern Carpathians subprovince (Bieszczady), the high content of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene and phenanthrene is noteworthy. Polish lamb sausages were characterized by a higher content of benzo(a)pyrene and the sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene. The differences result from the method of smoking (warm or cold in the south of the Carpathians—hot in the north) and the type of wood used for smoking.

Preparation by the double extraction process with preliminary neutron irradiation of yttria or calcia stabilised cubic zirconium dioxide microspheres

Brykala, Marcin,Walczak, Rafal,Wawszczak, Danuta,Kilim, Stanislaw,Rogowski, Marcin,Strugalska-Gola, Elzbieta,Olczak, Tadeusz,Smolinski, Tomasz,Szuta, Marcin Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.1

A modern approach to nuclear energy involves reprocessing like transmutations of spent nuclear fuel products to reduce their radiotoxicity and time needed for their storage. For this purpose, they are immobilized in inert matrices made of zirconia and can be "burned" in fast neutron reactor or Accelerator Driven System. These matrices in spherical form can be obtained by sol-gel process. The paper presents a method of microspheres fabrication based on the combined Complex Sol-Gel Process and double extraction process consisting in the preparation of zirconium-ascorbate sol and simultaneous extraction of water and nitrates. The procedure allows obtaining gel microspheres with a diameter of 50 ㎛, which after heat treatment are processed into the final product. The synthesis of zirconia microspheres with Yttrium by internal gelation process is well known for over a decade now. However, the explanation and characterization of synthesis of such material by extraction of water process is rarely found. Parameters such as: pH, viscosity, shape, sphericity and crystal structure have been determined for synthesized products and semi-products. In addition, preliminary research consisting in irradiation of the obtained materials in fast and thermal neutron flux was carried out. The obtained results are presented and described in this work.

Three-dimensional High-resolution Anorectal Manometry in Children With Non-retentive Fecal Incontinence

Marcin Banasiuk,Marcin Dziekiewicz,Magdalena Dobrowolsk,Barbara Skowrońska,Łukasz Dembiński,Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.2

Background/AimsThree-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-HRAM) is a precise tool to assess the function of the anorectum. Our aim is to evaluate children diagnosed with non-retentive fecal incontinence (NRFI) using 3D-HRAM. MethodsIn all children diagnosed with NRFI, manometric parameters and 3-dimensional reconstructions of the anal canal subdivided into 8 segments were recorded. All data were compared to raw data that were obtained from asymptomatic children, collected in our laboratory and published previously (C group). ResultsForty children (31 male; median age, 8 years; range, 5-17) were prospectively included in the study. Comparison of the NRFI group and C group revealed lower values of mean resting pressure (74.4 mmHg vs 89.2 mmHg, P > 0.001) and maximum squeeze pressure (182 mmHg vs 208.5 mmHg, P = 0.018) in the NRFI group. In the NRFI group, the thresholds of sensation, urge and discomfort (40 cm3, 70 cm3, and 140 cm3, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the C group (20 cm3, 30 cm3, and 85 cm3, respectively; P > 0.001). In the NRFI group, 62.5% presented a mean resting pressure above the fifth percentile, and 82.5% of patients presented a maximum squeeze pressure above the fifth percentile. The comparisons between segments obtained from these patients and those obtained from the C group revealed several segments with significantly decreased pressure values in the NRFI group. ConclusionsOur study demonstrated lower pressure parameters in children with NRFI. In patients with normal resting pressures, 3D-HRAM may reveal segments with decreased pressures, which may play a potential role in the pathomechanism of incontinence.

5,10-Dimesityldiindeno[1,2- <i>a</i> :2′,1′- <i>i</i> ]phenanthrene: a stable biradicaloid derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon

Majewski, Marcin A.,Chmielewski, Piotr J.,Chien, Alan,Hong, Yongseok,Lis, Tadeusz,Witwicki, Maciej,Kim, Dongho,Zimmerman, Paul M.,Stę,pień,, Marcin Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Chemical science Vol.10 No.11

<▼1><P>A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis.</P></▼1><▼2><P>A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis. The present system is electron-rich and devoid of conjugated substituents, and still exhibits very good stability under ambient conditions. The introduction of the diindeno[1,2-<I>a</I>:2′,1′-<I>i</I>] phenanthrene ring framework results in a singlet biradicaloid system with an easily accessible triplet state (Δ<I>E</I><SUB>S–T</SUB> = –1.30 kcal mol<SUP>–1</SUP>) and a small electronic bandgap (1.39 V). The stability limits of the title hydrocarbon were explored systematically in the solid state, to reveal an unusual thermally initiated hydrogen-scrambling oligomerization process.</P></▼2>

The Prevalence of Founder Mutations among Individuals from Families with Familial Pancreatic Cancer Syndrome

Marcin R. Lener,Aniruddh Kashyap,Wojciech Kluzniak,Cezary Cybulski,Agnieszka Soluch,Sandra Pietrzak,Tomasz Huzarski,Jacek Gronwald,Jan Lubinski 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.2

Purpose Familial pancreatic cancer describes families with at least two first-degree relatives with pancreatic cancer that do not fulfil the criteria of other inherited tumor syndromes with increased risks of pancreatic cancer. Although much has been learned regarding the aggregation of pancreatic cancer in some families, the genetic basis for this familial aggregation is poorly understood. This study evaluated the prevalence of 10 Polish founder mutations in four genes among individuals from families with diagnosed familial pancreatic cancer syndrome and assessed their possible association with the familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) risk in Poland. Materials and Methods In this study, 400 FPC individuals and 4,000 control subjects were genotyped for founder mutations in BRCA1 (5382insC, 4153delA, C61G), CHEK2 (1100delC, IVS2+1G>A, del5395, I157T), NBS1 (657del5), and PALB2 (509_510delGA, 172_175delTTGT) genes. Results A statistically significant association was observed between the 172_175delTTGT mutation of the PALB2 gene and an increased risk of FPC syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 10.05; p=0.048). In addition, an increased risk of cancer was observed in the FPC family members with a BRCA1 mutation (OR, 6.72; p=0.006). Novel associations were found between the FPC family members with cancer and CHEK2mutations (OR, 2.26; p=0.008) with a noticeable contribution of the missense variant, I157T of CHEK2 (OR, 2.17; p=0.026). Conclusion The founder mutations in the genes, BRCA1, PALB2, and CHEK2, cause a small percentage of familial pancreatic cancer syndrome in the Polish population. Following confirmation in larger studies, these mutations can be added to the panel of genes to be tested in families with a diagnosis of FPC syndrome.

On some applications of the Archimedean copulas in the proofs of the almost sure central limit theorems for certain order statistics

Marcin Dudzinski,Konrad Furmanczyk 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회보 Vol.54 No.3

Our goal is to establish and prove the almost sure central limit theorems for some order statistics $\left\{ M_{n}^{\left( k\right) }\right\} $, $k=1,2,\ldots$, formed by stochastic processes $\left( X_{1},X_{2},\ldots,X_{n}\right) $, $n\in N$, the distributions of which are defined by certain Archimedean copulas. Some properties of generators of such the copulas are intensively used in our proofs. The first class of theorems stated and proved in the paper concerns sequences of ordinary maxima $\left\{ M_{n}\right\} $, the second class of the presented results and proofs applies for sequences of the second largest maxima $\left\{ M_{n}^{\left( 2\right) }\right\} $ and the third (and the last) part of our investigations is devoted to the proofs of the almost sure central limit theorems for the $k$-th largest maxima $\left\{ M_{n}^{\left( k\right) }\right\} $ in general. The assumptions imposed in the first two of the mentioned groups of claims significantly differ from the conditions used in the last - the most general - case.

First detailed description of morphology of larva of Paranovelsis pantherinus (Ahrens, 1814) (Dermestidae: Attageninae: Attagenini) with remarks on biology

Marcin Kadej,Joanna Guziak 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1

The description of the last larval instar (based on the exuvium) of Paranovelsis pantherinus (Ahrens, 1814) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is presented. Morphological characters of Paranovelsis larvae such as general morphology of antenna, epipharynx, mandibula, maxilla, ligula with labial palpi, setae, legs, terga, condition of antecostal suture, and spiracle are documented, and discussed. Structural differences of mature larvae of four Paranovelsis species are compared and summarized.

A comparative study of the post-war ideological dilemmas in Polish and Korean literature -based on Jerzy Andrzejewski`s "Ashes and Diamonds" and Yi Tae -jun`s "Before and After Liberation"

( Marcin Starnowski ) 한국비교문학회 2012 比較文學 Vol.56 No.-

After the long-awaited liberation in 1945 the Poles and Koreans shared the same hope of establishing an independent country, free of the foreign powers` influence. It was Korean people`s eager wish to set up a government of their own as soon as the Japanese colonial rule was over. For Poles the main objective was to rebuild the country destroyed during the six years of the tragic war and create the country`s new economic, security and political structures. However, once again the two nations could not make their dreams come true under the cold reality of international politics. Poland and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, situated in two different parts of the world, became connected to the powerful Soviet Union by becoming its new satellites. As a natural course of events, various sectors of Polish and Korean society came to engage themselves in some sort of soul searching. This division in political thought also made a significant impact on the literary world, as the factionalism and struggles began to occur between Southern and Northern literatures. At the same time in Poland the writers engaged themselves in the "process of becoming accustomed" to the new directives set by communists. This study aims at presenting and comparing the post-liberation ideological dilemmas of the Polish and Korean literary world influenced by post-war harsh reality, focusing on Jerzy Andrzejewski`s "Ashes and Diamonds" and Yi Tae-jun`s "Before and After Liberation". In their stories, the two authors choose to take on the social issues that were troubling Poland and Korea at the time of liberation. Andrzejewski`s novel describes the political and moral dilemmas associated with the soon to be suppressed anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944-1946). Yi`s "Before and After Liberation" tells the story of a writer named Hyeon and his ideological transformation. Although the subjects of these two stories are different, the ideological dilemmas indicated by the two authors present the same kind of confusion and insecurity of the main characters. Their actions cannot be judged as they became the victims of the new political situation and try to find themselves in the chaos of post-war ideology.

Role of Regulatory Cells in Oral Tolerance

Marcin Wawrzyniak,Liam O`Mahony,Mübeccel Akdis 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.2

The immune system is continuously exposed to great amounts of different antigens from both food and intestinal microbes. Immune tolerance to these antigens is very important for intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. Oral tolerance is a specific type of peripheral tolerance induced by exposure to antigen via the oral route. Investigations on the role of intestinal immune system in preventing hypersensitivity reactions to innocuous dietary and microbial antigens have been intensively performed during the last 2 decades. In this review article, we discuss how food allergens are recognized by the intestinal immune system and draw attention to the role of regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells in the establishment of oral tolerance and tolerogenic features of intestinal dendritic cells. We also emphasize the potential role of tonsils in oral tolerance induction because of their anatomical location, cellular composition, and possible usage to develop novel ways of specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases.

A Study of Korean Language and Literature Education in Poland

Marcin Starnowski(마르친 스타르노브스키) 한국어문학회 2012 語文學 Vol.0 No.115

현재 세계에서 사용되는 언어는 수천 개에 이른다. 전 세계 사람들의 대한민국에 관심이 높아지면서 한국어에 대한 전 세계 외국어 학습자들의 반응이 재조명되고 있다. 한국과 지리적ㆍ문화적으로 먼, 또 다른 한편으로는 한국과 비슷하게 역사 속 과거의 아픔으로 인하여 이웃 나라에서 끝없는 간섭과 침략과 지배를 당한 폴란드에서 한국어는 아직 중국어와 일본어만큼 인기가 없다. 하지만 요즘 한국어뿐만 아니라 한국학을 배우려는 젊은이들의 수효가 눈에 띄게 증가하고 있다. 폴란드의 한국어 교육 역사는 1940년대 후반부터 바르샤바 대학교에서 시작하였다. 1953년부터 1983년까지 공사주의 폴란드에서 한국학 과정은 개설되지 않았고, 중국학 또는 일본학 전공 학생들만이 제 2, 혹은 제 3의 동아시아언어로 한국어를 선택할 수 있었다. 1970년대와 80년대에 폴란드의 한국학 학자들은 유럽 내 한국학 학자들이 설립한 유럽 한국 학회 (AKSE)를 통해 간접적으로는 남한과도 교류를 하게 되었다. 1983년 새롭게 개편된 일본ㆍ한국학과 내에 한국학 전공과정이 공식적으로 개설되었으며, 20년이 지난 2003년에 두 번째로 폴란드의 포즈난에 위치한 아담 미츠키에비치 대학교에 한국학과가 설립되었다. 그리고 1997년부터 바르샤바의 세종고등학교에서도 한국어를 배울 수 있다. 현재 바르샤바 대학교와 아담 미츠키에비치 대학교의 한국학 과정에는 3년제 학사학위과정과 2년제 석사학위과정, 박사학위과정이 있다. 이 세 과정에서 학생들은 한국과 관련된 다양한 과목을 들을 수 있지만 폴란드어로 씌어진 교재와 강사의 부족 및 경제적인 어려움 등으로 두 학교 모두 문제를 겪고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 한국국제교류재단과 한국 학술 진흥재단과 한국예술문화재단의 지속적인 지원은 폴란드 전체의 한국학 발전에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 또한, 폴란드에서의 한국 문학에 대한 상황을 살펴보자면, 폴란드 사람들에게 한국 문학은 매우 낯설고 전혀 접할 기회가 없었다. 그러나 2007년에 설립되어 직접 한국어를 폴란드어로 번역하는 ‘동양의 꽃(Kwiaty Orientu)’이라는 뜻의 출판사의 한국 문학 작품의 폴란드어 번역 및 출간을 통해 양국 간의 문화 장벽을 허무는 데 기여하고 있다. 앞으로 한국문학을 전공하고, 폴란드 학생들에게 한국문학을 가르칠 수 있는 폴란드 학자들이 많이 필요한 것이다. 최근 폴란드 사람들의 한국에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 내년에 바르샤바대학교의 한국학과는 창립 30주년 기념일, 그리고 아담 미츠키에비치 대학교의 한국학과는 창립 10주년 기념일을 맞이한다. 이 중요한 시기는 필연적으로 한국어 교육과 한국 문학 교육뿐만 아니라 폴란드에서 한국학과의 미래에 대한 자극 토론을 촉진할 것으로 예상된다.