Snapshot of Technology Business Incubators in China

Nasir Mahmood,Cai Jianfeng,Farhan Jamil,Hina Munir,Jintao LU,Mustafa Khan,Yue Cai 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.7

In the contemporary world, the production of suitable goods and commodities and business developments, the business technology incubators are considered important for the inception of new ideas and combining them with the available resources. Similarly, business and technology incubators are considered a backbone to accelerate the innovation and new business development structure of national economies. The business incubators in China are flourishing by leaps and bounds since the mid of 1990s. This paper aims to explore the performance of technology business incubator in china. In this study the incubator data which was compiled by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) China was taken for performance evaluation in china. The performance of incubator in 2002 and in 2012 was assessed by comparison of total number of tenants, total income of tenants, number of graduated tenants and number of employees of tenants, further, in 2012 the association of number of invention patent with the accumulated number of tenants obtained investment and finance is assessed, and this paper also presents the graduated firms number every year in China. These results show that the performance of technology incubators is increased during the last decade.

Business Incubators: Boon or Boondoggle for SMEs and Economic Development of Pakistan

Nasir Mahmood,Cai Jianfeng,Farhan Jamil,Jawad Karmat,Mustafa Khan,Yue Cai 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.4

In this age of technological development, business incubation system is an important tool, for the government to implement and facilitate technological innovation and entrepreneurship development. An effective business incubation system renders an important role in the nourishment of local, national and regional economies by producing employment opportunities & development of SMEs. This study presents evidence that suggests business incubators are important for economic development especially for developing countries like Pakistan. A comprehensive survey was carried out to analyze the current functional status of business incubators, along with the services provided by those incubators, with their success & shortcoming links with incubation system in Pakistan. The importance of business incubators for the promotion of entrepreneurship, development and technological innovation, addressed with an assessment of the needs of Pakistan economy. This is followed with an evaluation of the requirements to be dealt before incubators can leave the desired effects on the improvements of the entrepreneurship and technological innovation. Finally, the findings reveal implications for the future development programme of business incubators in Pakistan with the policy recommendation.

Robust Unified Multi Diverse Protection Schemes for Low Voltage Microgrid

Khan Jamil Ahmad,Mahmood Tahir 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.2

A microgrid (MG) is characterized by an arrangement of renewable energy sources (RES) and loads connected together to the distribution system. With the high dispersion of distributed generations (DG) in microgrids, which is inevitable, the distribution system will experience diverse challenges not only in its performance but also in the protection set-up. The lack of a comprehensive applicable protection scheme, which must be attuned to islanded and grid-connected modes of microgrid operation, is a key problem. The problem becomes more challenging and complex in an islanded operation of a microgrid (MG) due to limited fault current contribution by inverter based DGs. Therefore, conventional protection strategies cannot be applied in a radial distribution system with DGs. The lack of comprehensive protection schemes, which must be attuned with islanded and grid-connected modes of microgrid operation, is a challenging task to be implemented. To grasp the superlative protection scheme for MGs, the combined action of diferent protection strategies is required. Extensive research on the development of MG protection strategies reveals their incompetency to cater for protection of every component of the entire microgrid in its prevailing conditions being employed in solo-mode and also that no scheme is able to work without communication assistance. The current work proposes the comprehensive implementation of communication-less unifed diverse protection schemes that include current diferential relays, directional and non-directional overcurrent conventional IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard-based overcurrent relays, and novel non-standard voltage-current relays. The assembly and graphical representation of proposed relays for each scheme are developed in MATLAB/Simulink during the simulation. The accomplished results of these diverse protection schemes are validated through simulations applied to the benchmark microgrid system using an industrial software package called ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program).

The Role of University-Based Incubators in Developing Economies: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Nasir Mahmood,Cai Jianfeng,Hina Munir,Farhan Jamil,Anum Nusrat 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.11

Business incubators are an attractive tool for the economic development and support to nascent business in critical stages of their business life cycle. UBIs have a main featured to facilitate business tangible & intangible services such as access to research labs, office and network pool of different firms to build up nascent business. The aim of this paper, define the important role of UBIs have ability to support developing economies by providing talent from inside the university. UBIs also generate new resources and opportunities for innovation of products, creation of employment and leadership that play a key role in developing economies. In this paper the questionnaire survey used to know about the detailed information about the UBI. The results of this study give help to decision makers in university, industry and government for the growth of economy.

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane/bentonite nanoclay based nanocomposites using toluene diisocyanate

Muhammad Fiayyaz,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Mohammad Zuber,Tahir Jamil,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Muhammad Asghar Jamal 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.4

Polyurethanes (PUs) prepolymers blended with bentonite nanoclay and without bentonite nanoclay wereprepared by the reaction of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), and thechain was further extended with 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) to get final polyurethane nanocomposites (PUNC). A mixtureof polymer and bentonite clay enriched in montmorillonite (MMT) was formed in solution polymerization, in whichMMT dispersed depending on interaction of MMT with polymer chains. The molecular structure of the monomersand the prepared PU nanocomposites was confirmed by FTIR. A series of PUNCs were prepared by varying the percentcompositions of bentonite nanoclay into the PU matrix. The existence of the clay in to the PU was confirmed byscanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images verified the good dispersion of the bentonite nanoclay in PU matrix.

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane based on aliphatic diisocyanate and stiff chain extenders

Mohammad Zuber,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Muhammad Ashair Iqbal,Zahida Tariq Cheema,Muhammad Ishaq,Tahir Jamil 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.1

The present research work was performed to study the properties of polyurethanes (PU) based on ali-phatic diisocayanate and the effect of chemical structure of chain extenders. Two series of PUs were synthesized via twosteps polymerization technique. The PU samples constituted on hexamethylene diisocayanate (HDI), hydroxy-termi-nated polybutadiene (HTPB) and blends 1, 4 butanediol (BDO)/bisphenol A (BPA) and or 1, 4 butanediol (BDO)/bisphenol S (BPS) were prepared. Structural characterization was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyduring and after the synthesis. The FTIR analysis confirmed the existence of proposed bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphe-nol S (BPS) based PU structures. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis gives information about the thermaltransition of all the polymer samples. Because of the difference of polarity between hard and soft segments of PU,microphase separation can occur. The degree of phase separation in the prepared PU was confirmed using scanningelectron microscope (SEM) technique. The SEM techniques present a distinctive chance to directly visualize the mor-phology of the polyurethanes.

Synthesis and properties of aqueous polyurethane dispersions: Influence of molecular weight of polyethylene glycol

Mohammad Zuber,Fatima Mumtaz,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Tahir Jamil,Rizwan Hussain 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.12

Aqueous polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) have recently emerged as important alternatives to their solventbased counterparts for various applications due to increasing health and environmental awareness. A series of aqueous polyurethane dispersions containing carboxylate anion as hydrophilic pendant groups were synthesized through step growth polymerization reaction using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight. Effect of PEG molecular weight was investigated on molecular structure, contact angle measurement, and physical and adhesive properties of PU emulsions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to check the completion of polymerization reaction. Contact angle measurement indicated that the hydrophilicity of polymer increases by increasing molecular weight of PEG with a corresponding decrease in contact angle. Results of T-peel test showed a decrease in peel strength by increasing molecular weight of PEG. Moreover, solid contents%, drying time and storage stability suggested fast drying properties and greater stability of aqueous PU dispersions.

Simultaneous reduction and sulfonation of graphene oxide for efficient hole selectivity in polymer solar cells

Asghar Ali,Zuhair S. Khan,Mahmood Jamil,Yaqoob Khan,Nisar Ahmad,S. Ahmed 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.5

We developed sulfonated, reduced graphene oxide (S-RGO) through fuming/concentrated sulfuric acid treatment of graphene oxide (GO) in ambient conditions. It was demonstrated that the optical band gap and electrical conductivity of S-RGO are easily tunable, and depend on the level of reduction and sulfonation of GO. Whereas, reduction and sulfonation were found dependent on SO3 content, acid strength, and gas tightness of the reaction mixture. It's actually the water content of oleum that determines the nature of the final product. The easily adjustable band gap and electrical conductivity suggest that S-RGO can be employed as a potential hole extraction layer (HEL) material for several donor-acceptor systems. For P3HT:PC61BM based inverted polymer solar cells, it was observed that the shape of the JeV curve is tailorable with the choice of HEL. Compared to a 2.75% power conversion efficiency (PCE) attained with PEDOT:PSS, a PCE of 2.80% was achieved with tuned S-RGO. Our results imply that an S-RGO of sufficiently high band gap and conductivity can replace some of the state of the art HEL materials for a host of device applications.