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Okubo, H,Sasaki, S,Murakami, K,Kim, M K,Takahashi, Y,Hosoi, Y,Itabashi, M Nature Publishing Group 2008 International Journal of Obesity Vol.32 No.3
Objective:To examine associations between dietary patterns and obesity.Design:Cross-sectional study.Subjects:A total of 3760 Japanese female dietetic course students aged 18–20 years from 53 institutions in Japan.Measurements:Diet was assessed over a 1-month period with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire with 148 food items, from which 30 food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body height and weight.Results:Mean BMI (±s.d.) was 20.9±2.8 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>. Four dietary patterns were identified. After adjustment for several confounding factors and total energy intake, the ‘Healthy’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, potatoes, fish and shellfish, soy products, processed fish, fruit and salted vegetables, was significantly associated with a lower risk of BMI25 (odds ratio of the highest quintile vs lowest, 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.87; P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the ‘Japanese traditional’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of rice, miso soup and soy products, and the ‘Western’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of meats, fats and oils, seasonings, processed meats and eggs, were both significantly associated with an increased risk of BMI25 (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17–2.67; P for trend <0.01 and OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01–2.40; P for trend=0.04, respectively).Conclusion:Three major dietary patterns, Healthy, Japanese traditional and Western, were all independently and significantly related to the risk of obesity even among a relatively lean young Japanese female population.International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, 541–549; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803737; published online 25 September 2007
Hysteresis and fast timescales in transport relations of toroidal plasmas
Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Ida, K.,Inagaki, S.,Kamada, Y.,Kamiya, K.,Dong, J.Q.,Hidalgo, C.,Evans, T.,Ko, W.H.,Park, H.,Tokuzawa, T.,Kubo, S.,Kobayashi, T.,Kosuga, Y.,Sasaki, M.,Yun, G.S.,Song, S.D.,Kasuya, International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.10
<P>This article assesses current understanding of hysteresis in transport relations, and its impact on the field. The rapid changes of fluxes compared to slow changes of plasma parameters are overviewed for both core and edge plasmas. The modulation ECH experiment is explained, in which the heating power cycles on-and-off periodically, revealing hysteresis and fast changes in the gradient–flux relation. The key finding is that hystereses were observed simultaneously in both the the gradient–flux and gradient–fluctuation relations. Hysteresis with rapid timescale exists in the channels of energy, electron and impurity densities, and plausibly in momentum. Advanced methods of data analysis are explained. Transport hysteresis can be studied by observing the higher harmonics of temperature perturbation <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn001.gif'/> in heating modulation experiments. The hysteresis introduces the term <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn002.gif'/>, which depends on the harmonic number <I>m</I> in an algebraic manner (not exponential decay). Next, the causes of hysteresis and its fast timescale are discussed. The nonlocal-in-space coupling works here, but does not suffice. One mechanism for ‘the heating heats turbulence’ is that the external source <I>S</I> in phase space for heating has its fluctuation in turbulent plasma. This coupling can induce the direct input of heating power into fluctuations. The height of the jump in transport hysteresis is smaller for heavier hydrogen isotopes, and could be one of the origins of isotope effects on confinement. Finally, the impacts of transport hysteresis on the control system are assessed. Control systems must be designed so as to protect the system from sudden plasma loss.</P>
M. I Rusydi,T. Okamoto,M. Sasaki,S. Ito 한국재활복지공학회 2012 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Electro-oculogram (EOG) is such kind of sensitive biosignal that comes from eyes activities. Using the NF Instrument as the sensor to obtain the signal from gaze motion, the optimum electrode positions in order to distinguish the distance of vertical and horizontal movement were observed based on the magnitude and the stability of EOG signal. There were twelve electrode positions, each six beside and below the eye, as the candidate for the suitable electrode position to acquire the EOG. Another experiment to compare the signal difference between left and right eye was also investigated in horizontal and vertical eye movement. The result shows that the position number 2 satisfies the desired condition for horizontal movement and position number 11 leads in magnitude and stability of the EOG signal in vertical movement. Position number 10 is available for vertical and horizontal gaze motion for the alternative option. These positions were tested by finding the relationship between displacement (pixel) and EOG signal(μV). The result shows that linear approaching to this condition successfully detect the system not only in horizontal or vertical case but also in diagonal gaze motion with average error pixel around 80 pixels or 1.6 cm. Based on this result, we concluded that although we can get easily the EOG signal around the eyes, but not all positions can give a clear figure, so it is very important to determine the suitable electrode position
Using EOG Signal to Control Robot Manipulator
M.I. Rusydi,Y. Mori,T. Okamoto,M. Sasaki,S. Ito 한국재활복지공학회 2012 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Electro-oculograph (EOG) is one of the biosignal that can be used to improve life quality in human machine interface area. EOG occurs as the eye activities change the magnitude of potential between cornea and retina. This signal was used to control robot manipulator in four directions (up, down, left and right). To record this phenomenon we used NF Instrument with head box to amplify the signal and processor box to process digital filter. Combination of 3 digital filter, 1.6 High Pass Filter, 60 Hz Low Pass Filter and 60 Hz Ham Filter added by 6 Hz Low Pass Filter gave neat signal until the difference among the eye movement could be distinguished. This is a real time system because we could detect when a signal comes and send it to the robot manipulator system through Arduino microcontroller. The determination of the signal emersion was successfully calculated by the combination of wavelet transform with scale = 1 and translation = 0.031 and garbor filter with O=1. Since the average accuracy of the system is more than 90% so we can use this method for some extend application later.
A Systematic study on the growth of GaN single crystals using the Na-based fluxmethod
M. Kawahara,Y. Yamada,H. Umeda,M. Morishita,F. Kawamura,M. Yoshimura,Y. Mori,T. Sasaki 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2005 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.6 No.2
To obtain bulk gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals applicable as the substrate for GaN homoepitaxial growth, we have adopted the Na flux method with some modifications. Assuming that a key reaction of this method is nitrogen dissolution into a flux, we considered both the gas composition and the liquid phase composition. The use of ammonia gas had effects in lowering the threshold pressure for the GaN growth compared with the nitrogen gas which had been used in the original Na flux method. The composition change from pure Na to a mixture of Ca and Na for the flux also brought some favorable effects such as lowering the threshold pressure, and an improvement in the crystal transparency. Finally, the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique along with the Na-based flux method led to the growth of bulk GaN single crystals with much lower dislocation densities than the seed crystals.