Influence of Roller Speed on Magnetic Properties and Structures of α-Fe / Nd₂Fe₁₄B Nanocomposite Magnets Prepared by Melt - spinning

Wenli Pei,Fazeng Lian,Meng Fu,Guiqin Zhou,M. Takahashi 한국자기학회 2004 Journal of Magnetics Vol.9 No.4

The crystallization behaviours of nanocomposite made by a function of quenching rate (roller speed) were studied. The results showed that there was one step crystallization process for the alloy quenched at roller speed of 32 ㎧, which could be shown as, Am (amorphouse) + α-Fe+Nd₂Fe₁₄B → α-Fe+Nd₂Fe₁₄B. For the alloy quenched at roller speed of 40 ㎧, there was two steps crystallization process taking place at different temperatures, which could be shown as, Am → α-Fe+Nd₂Fe₂₃B₃+Nd₂Fe₁₄B+Am' → α-Fe+Nd₂Fe₁₄B. The presence of transition phase (Nd₂Fe₂₃B₃) was harmful to get fine and uniform grain size during crystallization process. Uniform microstructures and high magnetic properties could be attained for the as-quenched alloy containing less amorphous phase and no presence of transition phase during annealing treatment. For the alloy prepared at roller speed of 32 m/s, the following properties were obtained, Br = 0.904 T, iHc = 801 ㎄/m, (BH)max = 122 kJ/㎥ and Mr/Ms = 0.6.

Effects of Bedding Material Composition in Deep Litter Systems on Bedding Characteristics and Growth Performance of Limousin Calves

Meng, J.,Shi, F.H.,Meng, Qingxiang,Ren, L.P.,Zhou, Z.M.,Wu, H.,Zhao, L.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different litter mixture compositions on bedding system temperature, pH and volatile fatty acid and ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N) content, and the serum physico-chemical parameters and growth indices of calves. Thirty-two Limousin calves ($280{\pm}20kg$) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8 for each group) according to the bedding system used: i) control with soil only (CTR); ii) mixture with 50% paddy hulls (PH), 30% saw dusts (SD), 10% peat moss (PM) and 10% corn cobs (CC) (TRT1); iii) mixture with 15% PH, 15% SD, 10% PM, 40% CC, and 20% corn stover (CS) (TRT2); iv) mixture with 30% PH, 10% PM, 40% CC, and 20% CS (TRT3). The litter material combinations of different treatments were based on the cost of bedding system materials in China. The cost of four treatments from low to high: Control<TRT1<TRT2<TRT3. The control was no-cost treatment. The diet consisted of 60.8% silage and 39.2% concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). The $NH_3$-N level (271.83 to 894.72 mg/kg) was lowest for TRT1 (p<0.0001) and highest for TRT2 (p<0.0001). The acetate, propionate and butyrate levels were highest for the control group (p<0.0001). In all the groups, the pH value (6.90 to 9.09) increased at the beginning and later remained stable at below 9.09. The temperature of deep litter increased at the first week and reached the maximum ($42.1^{\circ}C$) on day 38. 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine ($T_3$) levels in the TRT1 group animals (p<0.0001) were lower than those in the control and TRT2 animals. 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$) in the TRT1 group (p = 0.006) was lower than that in the other treatment groups. Cortisol (COR) in the control and TRT1 group was lower (p<0.0001) than that in the TRT2 and TRT3 groups. Corticosterone (CORt) in the control group was higher (p<0.0001) than that in the treatment groups. The findings indicate that the deep litter bedding systems provided better conditions for animal health and growth performance compared with the control system. Furthermore, the litter composition of TRT1 was found to be optimal among the three treatment groups.

Luminescence properties of Eu³⁺ in gadolinium molybdate β'-Gd₂Mo₃O₁₂ phosphors

Meng, F.,Zhang, X.,Kim, S.I.,Yu, Y.M.,Seo, H.J. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H 2014 OPTIK -STUTTGART- Vol.125 No.14

In this paper, we report the synthesis and photoluminescence (PL) properties of β'-Gd<SUB>2</SUB>Mo<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> doped with Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. The relationship between Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> luminescence versus concentration and temperature is discussed. In order to investigate the mechanism of concentration quenching, luminescence decay curves are measured and the Inokuti-Hirayama model is used to analyze them. The activation energy for the thermal quenching is estimated by the Arrhenius fitting. The emission spectrum of β'-Gd<SUB>2</SUB>Mo<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> exhibits the strongest emission peak at 614.5nm due to electric-dipole transition. The excitation spectrum shows several sets of lines in the range of 350-425nm which are associated with the typical intra-configurational 4f<SUP>6</SUP> transitions of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>. The spectral positions of these lines match well with the emission spectra of near-UV LEDs, which makes the phosphor find a potential application for white light-emitting-diodes.

Comparisons of In vitro Nitrate Reduction, Methanogenesis, and Fermentation Acid Profile among Rumen Bacterial, Protozoal and Fungal Fractions

Lin, M.,Schaefer, D.M.,Guo, W.S.,Ren, L.P.,Meng, Q.X. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.4

The objectives were to compare the ability of various rumen microbial fractions to reduce nitrate and to assess the effect of nitrate on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Physical and chemical methods were used to differentiate the rumen microbial population into the following fractions: whole rumen fluid (WRF), protozoa (Pr), bacteria (Ba), and fungi (Fu). The three nitrogen substrate treatments were as follows: no supplemental nitrogen source, nitrate or urea, with the latter two being isonitrogenous additions. The results showed that during 24 h incubation, WRF, Pr and Ba fractions had an ability to reduce nitrate, and the rate of nitrate disappearance for the Pr fraction was similar to the WRF fraction, while the Ba fraction needed an adaptation period of 12 h before rapid nitrate disappearance. The WRF fraction had the greatest methane ($CH_4$) production and the Pr fraction had the greatest prevailing $H_2$ concentration (p<0.05). Compared to the urea treatment, nitrate diminished net gas and $CH_4$ production during incubation (p<0.05), and ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N) concentration (p<0.01). Nitrate also increased acetate, decreased propionate and decreased butyrate molar proportions (p<0.05). The Pr fraction had the highest acetate to propionate ratio (p<0.05). The Pr fraction as well as the Ba fraction appears to have an important role in nitrate reduction. Nitrate did not consistently alter total VFA concentration, but it did shift the VFA profile to higher acetate, lower propionate and lower butyrate molar proportions, consistent with less $CH_4$ production by all microbial fractions.

Current Status of Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Central Nervous System Tumors

Yang, Meng-Yin,Khan-Farooqi, Haumith,Prins, Robert M.,Liau, Linda M. The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2006 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.40 No.4

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and are in great need of novel therapeutic approaches. Advances in treatment have been very modest, significant improvement in survival has been lacking for many decades, and prognosis remains dismal. Despite "gross total" surgical resections and currently available radio-chemotherapy, malignant gliomas inevitably recur due to reservoirs of notoriously invasive tumor cells that infiltrate adjacent and non-adjacent areas of normal brain parenchyma. In principle, the immune system is uniquely qualified to recognize and target these infiltrative pockets of tumors cells, which have generally eluded conventional treatment approaches, In the span of the last 10 years, our understanding of the cancer-immune system relationship has increased exponentially; and yet we are only beginning to tease apart the intricacies of the central nervous system and immune cell interactions. This article reviews the complex associations of the immune system with brain tumors. We provide an overview of currently available treatment options for malignant gliomas, existing gaps in our knowledge of brain tumor immunology, and strategies that might be exploited for improved design of "custom immunotherapeutics." We will also examine major new immunotherapy approaches that are being actively investigated to treat patients with malignant glioma, and identify some current and future research priorities in this area.

N-geranyl cyclopropyl-carboximide modulates salty and umami taste in humans and animal models

Dewis, M.L.,Phan, T.-H.T.,Ren, Z.,Meng, X.,Cui, M.,Mummalaneni, S.,Rhyu, M.-R.,DeSimone, J.A.,Lyall, V. AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013 journal of neurophysiology Vol.109 No.2

Effects of Bedding Material Composition in Deep Litter Systems on Bedding Characteristics and Growth Performance of Limousin Calves

J. Meng,F.H. Shi,Q.X. Meng,L.P. Ren,Z.M. Zhou,H. Wu,L.P. Zhao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different litter mixture compositions on bedding system temperature, pH and volatile fatty acid and ammonia-N (NH3-N) content, and the serum physico-chemical parameters and growth indices of calves. Thirty-two Limousin calves (280±20 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8 for each group) according to the bedding system used: i) control with soil only (CTR); ii) mixture with 50% paddy hulls (PH), 30% saw dusts (SD), 10% peat moss (PM) and 10% corn cobs (CC) (TRT1); iii) mixture with 15% PH, 15% SD, 10% PM, 40% CC, and 20% corn stover (CS) (TRT2); iv) mixture with 30% PH, 10% PM, 40% CC, and 20% CS (TRT3). The litter material combinations of different treatments were based on the cost of bedding system materials in China. The cost of four treatments from low to high: Control<TRT1<TRT2<TRT3. The control was no-cost treatment. The diet consisted of 60.8% silage and 39.2% concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). The NH3-N level (271.83 to 894.72 mg/kg) was lowest for TRT1 (p<0.0001) and highest for TRT2 (p<0.0001). The acetate, propionate and butyrate levels were highest for the control group (p<0.0001). In all the groups, the pH value (6.90 to 9.09) increased at the beginning and later remained stable at below 9.09. The temperature of deep litter increased at the first week and reached the maximum (42.1°C) on day 38. 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine (T3) levels in the TRT1 group animals (p<0.0001) were lower than those in the control and TRT2 animals. 3,5,3′,5′-Tetraiodothyronine (T4) in the TRT1 group (p = 0.006) was lower than that in the other treatment groups. Cortisol (COR) in the control and TRT1 group was lower (p<0.0001) than that in the TRT2 and TRT3 groups. Corticosterone (CORt) in the control group was higher (p<0.0001) than that in the treatment groups. The findings indicate that the deep litter bedding systems provided better conditions for animal health and growth performance compared with the control system. Furthermore, the litter composition of TRT1 was found to be optimal among the three treatment groups.

Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5 in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model

Lennartson, Elizabeth M.,Wang, Jun,Gu, Juping,Castro Garcia, Lorena,Ge, Cui,Gao, Meng,Choi, Myungje,Saide, Pablo E.,Carmichael, Gregory R.,Kim, Jhoon,Janz, Scott J. Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.20

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Spatial distribution of diurnal variations of aerosol properties in South Korea, both long term and short term, is studied by using 9 AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sites from 1999 to 2017 and an additional 10 sites during the KORUS-AQ (Korea-United States Air Quality) field campaign in May and June of 2016. The extent to which the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry) model and the GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) satellite retrieval can describe these variations is also analyzed. On a daily average, aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550<span class='thinspace'></span>nm is 0.386 and shows a diurnal variation of 20 to <span class='inline-formula'>−30</span><span class='thinspace'></span>% in inland sites, which is larger than the AOD of 0.308 and diurnal variation of <span class='inline-formula'>±20</span><span class='thinspace'></span>% seen in coastal sites. For all the inland and coastal sites, AERONET, GOCI, and WRF-Chem, and observed PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>µ</span>m) data generally show dual peaks for both AOD and PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>, one in the morning (often at <span class='inline-formula'>∼08</span>:00-10:00<span class='thinspace'></span>KST, Korea Standard Time, especially for PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5)</span> and another in the early afternoon (<span class='inline-formula'>∼14</span>:00<span class='thinspace'></span>KST, albeit for PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> this peak is smaller and sometimes insignificant). In contrast, Ångström exponent values in all sites are between 1.2 and 1.4 with the exception of the inland rural sites having smaller values near 1.0 during the early morning hours. All inland sites experience a pronounced increase in the Ångström exponent from morning to evening, reflecting an overall decrease in particle size in daytime. To statistically obtain the climatology of diurnal variation of AOD, a minimum requirement of <span class='inline-formula'>∼2</span> years of observation is needed in coastal rural sites, twice as long as that required for the urban sites, which suggests that the diurnal variation of AOD in an urban setting is more distinct and persistent. While Korean GOCI satellite retrievals are able to consistently capture the diurnal variation of AOD (although it has a systematically low bias of 0.04 on average and up to 0.09 in later afternoon hours), WRF-Chem clearly has a deficiency in describing the relative change of peaks and variations between the morning and afternoon, suggesting further studies for the diurnal profile of emissions. Furthermore, the ratio between PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> and AOD in WRF-Chem is persistently larger than the observed counterparts by 30<span class='thinspace'></span>%-50<span class='thinspace'></span>% in different sites, but spatially no consistent diurnal variation pattern of this ratio can be found. Overall, the relatively small diurnal variation of PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> is in high contrast with large AOD diurnal variation, which suggests the large diurnal variation of AOD-PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> relationships (with the PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span><span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>∕</span><span class='thinspace'></span>AOD ratio being largest in the early morning, decreasing around noon, and increasing in late afternoon) and, therefore, the need to use AOD from<span id='page15126'/> geostationary satellites to constrain either modeling or estimate of surface PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> for air quality application.</p> </P>

Progression of seasonal activities of adults of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, during the 2017 season of mass flight dispersal behavior in eastern Pennsylvania

T.C. Baker,E.C. Smyers,J.M. Urban,Z. Meng,K.J. Pagadala Damadaram,A.J. Myrick,M.F. Cooperband,M.J. Domingue 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3

During the summer and fall of 2017 in northeastern Pennsylvania we studied the progression of adult behaviors of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) when there was an upsurge in adult flight behavior that was not known to have occurred in 2015 or 2016, the first years following its initial detection in Pennsylvania in late 2014. Sex ratios on A. altissima trunks and branches were routinely ca. 50:50 male:female throughout the 2017 season except in two instances in two of the earliest samplings in which > 60% were males. Within the first week after adult eclosion in 2017, in conjunction with extensive feeding-related behaviors on Ailanthus altissima tree trunks, short flights occurred indiscriminately from the foliage of one tree to another or between bushes, trees and vines. One week later these flights became more prevalent and lengthier. Adults of both sexes launched themselves into the wind from non-host trees or from porches, posts and other human-made structures to engage in level or gradually descending straight-line flight trajectories that allowed them to traverse only usually 10 to 40 m of ground in one episode. After the peak of flight dispersal had occurred, the first mating pairs were observed on September 25. All of the 21 pairs of adults we observed in copula exhibited swollen, yellow abdomens in contrast to the thinner, predominantly black abdomens of the adults we had sampled during the earlier feeding and flight phases. Copulating pairs were observed to remain coupled for 2 to 4 h

The Requirement of Ruminal Degradable Protein for Non-Structural Carbohydrate-Fermenting Microbes and Its Reaction with Dilution Rate in Continuous Culture

Meng, Q.X.,Xia, Z.G.,Kerley, M.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.10

A continuous culture study was conducted to determine the impact of ruminal degradable soy protein (S-RDP) level and dilution rate (D) on growth of ruminal non-structural carbohydrate-fermenting microbes. Corn starch, urea and isolated soy protein (ISP) were used to formulate three diets with S-RDP levels of 0, 35 and 70% of total dietary CP. Two Ds were 0.03 and $0.06h^{-1}$ of the fermenter volume in a single-effluent continuous culture system. As S-RDP levels increased, digestibilities of dietary dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) linearly (p=0.001) decreased, whereas digestion of dietary starch linearly (p=0.001) increased. Increasing D from 0.03 to $0.06h^{-1}$ resulted in decreased digestibilities of dietary DM and OM, but had no effect on digestibilities of dietary starch (p=0.77) and CP (p=0.103). Fermenter pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and daily VFA production were unaffected (p=0.159-0.517) by S-RDP levels. Molar percentages of acetate, propionate and butyrate were greatly affected by S-RDP levels (p=0.016-0.091), but unaffected by D (p=0.331-0.442). With increasing S-RDP levels and D, daily bacterial counts, daily microbial N production (DMNP) and microbial efficiency (MOEFF; grams of microbial N produced per kilogram of OM truly digested) were enhanced (p=0.001). The increased microbial efficiency with increasing S-RDP levels is probably the result of peptides or amino acids that served as a stimulus for optimal protein synthesis. The quantity of ruminal degradable protein from soy proteins required for optimum protein synthesis of non-structural carbohydrate-fermenting microbes appears to be equivalent to 9.5% of dietary fermented OM.