Differential Expression of PPARγ, FASN, and ACADM Genes in Various Adipose Tissues and Longissimus dorsi Muscle from Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Yan Yellow Cattle

Ji, Shuang,Yang, Runjun,Lu, Chunyan,Qiu, Zhengyan,Yan, Changguo,Zhao, Zhihui Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between cattle breeds and deposit of adipose tissues in different positions and the gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM), which are associated with lipid metabolism and are valuable for understanding the physiology in fat depot and meat quality. Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle reared under the same conditions display different fat proportions in the carcass. To understand this difference, the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$, FASN, and ACADM in different adipose tissues and longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) in these two breeds were analyzed using the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). The result showed that $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in LD in both breeds. $PPAR{\gamma}$ expression was also higher in abdominal fat, in perirenal fat than in the subcutaneous fat (p<0.05) in Yanbian yellow cattle, and was significantly higher in subcutaneous fat in Yan yellow cattle than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. On the other hand, FASN mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat in Yan yellow cattle were significantly higher than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. Interestingly, ACADM gene shows greater fold changes in LD than in adipose tissues in Yan yellow cattle. Furthermore, the expressions of these three genes in lung, colon, kidney, liver and heart of Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle were also investigated. The results showed that the highest expression levels of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and FASN genes were detected in the lung in both breeds. The expression of ACADM gene in kidney and liver were higher than that in other organs in Yanbian yellow cattle, the comparison was not statistically significant in Yan yellow cattle.

Clinical Observations on Associations Between the UGT1A1 Genotype and Severe Toxicity of Irinotecan

Lu, Yan-Yan,Huang, Xin-En,Wu, Xue-Yan,Cao, Jie,Liu, Jin,Wang, Lin,Xiang, Jin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Background: Severe toxicity is commonly observed in cancer patients receiving irinotecan (CPT-11) UDPglucuronosyltransferase1A1 (UGT1A1) catalyzes the glucuronidation of the active metabolite SN-38 but the relationship between UGT1A1 and severe toxicity remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess this point to guide clinical use of CPT-11. Materials and Methods: 89 cancer patients with advanced disease received CPT-11-based chemotherapy for at least two cycles. Toxicity, including GI and hematologic toxicity was recorded in detail and UGT1A1 variants were genotyped. Regression analysis was used to analyse relationships between these variables and tumor response. Results: The prevalence of grade III-IV diarrhea was 10.1%, this being more common in patients with the TA 6/7 genotype (5 of 22 patients, 22.7%) (p<0.05). The prevalence of grade III-IV neutropenia was 13.4%and also highest in patients with the TA 6/7 genotype (4 of 22 patients; 18.2%) but without significance (p>0.05). The retreatment total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in TA6/7 patients (mean, $12.75{\mu}mol/L$) with compared to TA6/6 (mean, $9.92{\mu}mol/L$) with p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study support the conclusion that patients with a $UGT1A1^*28$ allele (s) will suffer an increased risk of severe irinotecan-induced diarrhea, whether with mid-or low-dosage. However, the $UGT1A1^*28$ allele (s) did not increase severe neutropenia. Higher serum total bilirubin is an indication that patients UGT1A1 genotype is not wild-type, with significance for clinic usage of CPT-11.

Phase II Study on Javanica Oil Emulsion Injection (Yadanzi^®) Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lu, Yan-Yan,Huang, Xin-En,Cao, Jie,Xu, Xia,Wu, Xue-Yan,Liu, Jin,Xiang, Jin,Xu, Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Javanica oil emulsion injection (Yadanzi$^{(R)}$) combined with pemetrexed and platinum (PP) for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. Patients and Methods: From June 2011 to June 2013, we recruited 58 patients with advanced lung cancer, and divided them into two groups. Twenty eight patients received Yadanzi$^{(R)}$ (from ZheJiang Jiuxu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) together with PP chemotherapy (combined group), while the others were given only PP chemotherapy (control group). After two cycles of treatment, efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated. Results: The overall respnse rate [(CR+PR+SD)/(CR+PR+SD+PD)] of the combined group was higher than that of control group (89.7% vs. 86.2%, p>0.05). Regarding rate of life improvement, it was 82.8% in combined group, and 51.7% in the control group (p<0.05). In terms of side effects, leukopenia in combined group was less frequent than that in control group (p<0.05). More patients in the control group were found to suffer liver toxicity. Conclusions: Javanica oil emulsion injection combined with chemotherapy could be considered as a safe and effective regimen in treating patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. It can improve the quality of life and reduce the possibility of leukopenia. Further clinical trials with a large sample size should be conducted to confirm whether addition of Yadanzi$^{(R)}$ to chemotherapy could increase the response rate, reduce toxicity, enhance tolerability and improve quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer.

Protective effects of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in hepatic L02 cell

Lu, Yue,Zhang, Yan-Yan,Hu, Ying-Chun,Lu, Yan-Hua 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.9

2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) is a chalcone isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry, and the hepatoprotective effects of DMC on Kunming mice have been studied in previous study. However, the effects of DMC on hepatocyte toxicity and corresponding mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective mechanism of DMC in human hepatocytes (L02) treated with $H_2O_2$. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with DMC effectively protected $H_2O_2$-induced cell viability loss, cell membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase, nitric oxide production and caspase-3 accumulation. Besides, DMC pretreatment increased the amount of glutathione, decreased malondialdehyde and the percentage of apoptotic L02 cells compared with only $H_2O_2$ treated group. Taken together, these results indicated that DMC had hepatoprotective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced liver injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis process in L02 cells, and DMC might be a potential candidate for the intervention of liver diseases.

Potential Predictors of Sensitivity to Pemetrexed as First-line Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Non-Squamous NSCLCs

Lu, Yan-Yan,Huang, Xin-En,Xu, Lin,Liu, De-Gan,Cao, Jie,Wu, Xue-Yan,Liu, Jin,Xiang, Jin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is effective in first-line treatment for patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However there are currently no definitive determinants to certify which patients could benefit from PEM. To improve the efficacy of PEM combined with platinum as first-line therapy for advanced non-squamous NSCLC, we conducted this retrospective study to detect potential determinants of this regimen. Methods: We recruited 109 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who received PEM with a platinum as first-line therapy from June 2006 to February 2013 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Multiple variables (age, sex, smoking, degree of cell differentiation, hemoglobin, platinum drugs combined, positions of metastasis) were selected. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse relationships between these variables and tumor response. Result: In univariate analysis, we found that age and platinum significantly influenced the results of PEM therapy (P<0.05). In multivariable analysis, no factors were independently significant. Conclusion: Our analysis did not suggest that the age, sex, metastasis of liver or other organs, hemoglobin, smoking history and pathological differentiation are associated with the response of PEM. We should conduct further analyses with larger sample size to reconfirm this issue.

Protective effects of 20,40-dihydroxy-60-methoxy-30,50- dimethylchalcone against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in hepatic L02 cell

Yue Lu,Yan-Yan Zhang,Ying-Chun Hu,Yan-Hua Lu 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.9

2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone(DMC) is a chalcone isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyxoperculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry, and thehepatoprotective effects of DMC on Kunming mice havebeen studied in previous study. However, the effects ofDMC on hepatocyte toxicity and corresponding mechanismremain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate thehepatoprotective mechanism of DMC in human hepatocytes(L02) treated with H2O2. The results demonstrated thatpretreatment with DMC effectively protected H2O2-inducedcell viability loss, cell membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase,nitric oxide production and caspase-3 accumulation. Besides, DMC pretreatment increased the amount ofglutathione, decreased malondialdehyde and the percentageof apoptotic L02 cells compared with only H2O2 treatedgroup. Taken together, these results indicated that DMC hadhepatoprotective effects against H2O2-induced liver injuryby alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis process in L02cells, and DMC might be a potential candidate for theintervention of liver diseases.

THE NEW GENERATION OF THE BMW CHILD SEAT AND OCCUPANT DETECTION SYSTEM SBE 2

Yan Lu,Christian Marschner,Lutz Eisenmann,Sivart Sauer 한국자동차공학회 2002 International journal of automotive technology Vol.3 No.2

A new generation of the BMW child seat and occupant detection system SBE2 for a smart airbag system is described. The SBE2 system consists of two subsystems: OC (Occupant Classification) and FDS (Field Detection System). The OC system is a force sensitive sensor array that measures a pressure profile. The FDS system detects child seat and occupant according to the change of electrical field generated by four capacitive plates. Combining the signals from both subsystems, the BMW SBE2 system can distinguish fully automatically between a child seat and a person.

Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Nose-to-Brain Macromolecular Delivery

Lu Yan,Huiyuan Wang,Yifan Jiang,Jinhua Liu,Zhao Wang,Yongxin Yang,Shengwu Huang,Yongzhuo Huang 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.4

Macromolecular drugs become an essential part in neuroprotective treatment. However, the nature of ineffective delivery crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB) renders those macromolecules undruggable for clinical practice. Recently, brain target via intranasal delivery have provided a promising solution to circumventing the BBB. Despite the direct route from nose to brain (i.e. olfactory pathway), there still are big challenges for large compounds like proteins to overcome the multiple delivery barriers such as nasal mucosa penetration, intracellular transport along the olfactory neuron, and diffusion across the heterogeneous brain compartments. Herein presented is an intranasal strategy mediated by cell-penetrating peptide modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for the delivery of insulin to the brain, a potent therapeutic against Alzheimer’s disease. The results revealed that the cell-penetrating peptide can potentially deliver insulin into brain via the nasal route, showing a total brain delivery efficiency of 6%. It could serve as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.

Proteomic and Immunological Identification of Diagnostic Antigens from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid

Yan Lu,Jia-Hui Sun,Li-Li Lu,Jia-Xu Chen,Peng Song,Lin Ai,Yu-Chun Cai,Lan-Hua Li,Shao-Hong Chen 대한기생충학열대의학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.59 No.6

Correlation of Adventitial Vasa Vasorum with Intracranial Atherosclerosis: A Postmortem Study

Lu Zheng,Wen Jie Yang,Chun Bo Niu,Hai Lu Zhao,Ka Sing Wong,Thomas Wai Hong Leung,Xiang Yan Chen 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3

Background and Purpose Vasa vasorum (VV) have been believed to be rare or non-existent in small-caliber intracranial arteries. In a series of human cerebral artery specimens, we identified and examined the distribution of VV in association with co-existing intracranial atherosclerosis. Methods We obtained cerebral artery specimens from 32 consecutive autopsies of subjects aged 45 years or above. We scrutinized middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), and basilar artery (BA) for the presence of adventitial VV. We described the distribution of VV, and the characteristics of co-existing atherosclerotic lesions. Results Among 157 intracranial arteries, adventitial VV were present in 74 of the 157 specimens (47%), involving MCA (n=13, 18%), BA (n=14, 19%), and VA (n=47, 64%). Although qualitatively these 74 adventitial VV distributed similarly in arteries with or without atherosclerotic lesions (disease-free arteries n=4/8; arteries of pre-atherosclerosis n=17/42; and arteries of progressive atherosclerosis n=53/107), the presence of adventitial VV in intracranial VA was associated with a heavier plaque load (1.72±1.66 mm2 vs. 0.40±0.32 mm2, P<0.001), severer luminal stenosis (25%±21% vs. 12%±9%, P=0.002), higher rate of concentric lesions (79% vs. 36%, P=0.002), and denser intraplaque calcification (44% vs. 0%, P=0.003). Histologically, intracranial VA with VV had a larger diameter (3.40±0.79 mm vs. 2.34±0.58 mm, P<0.001), thicker arterial wall (0.31±0.13 mm vs. 0.23±0.06 mm, P=0.002), and a larger intima-media (0.19±0.09 mm vs. 0.13± 0.04 mm, P=0.003) than VA without VV. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the distribution of adventitial VV within brain vasculature and association between vertebral VV and progressive atherosclerotic lesions with a heavier plaque load and denser intraplaque calcification.