Development of ^99mTc-Labeled Human Serum Albumin with Prolonged Circulation by Chelate-then-Click Approach: A Potential Blood Pool Imaging Agent

Lodhi, Nadeem Ahmed,Park, Ji Yong,Kim, Kyuwan,Kim, Young Joo,Shin, Jae Hwan,Lee, Yun-Sang,Im, Hyung-Jun,Jeong, Jae Min,Khalid, Muhammad,Cheon, Gi Jeong,Lee, Dong Soo,Kang, Keon Wook American Chemical Society 2019 MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS Vol.16 No.4

<P>Technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin (<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-HSA) has been utilized as a blood pool imaging agent in the clinic for several decades. However, <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-HSA has a short circulation time, which is a critical shortcoming for a blood pool imaging agent. Herein, we developed a novel <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-labeled HSA with a long circulation time using click chemistry and a chelator, 2,2′-dipicolylamine (DPA), (<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-DPA-HSA). Specifically, we examined the feasibility of copper-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) for the incorporation of HSA to the [<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc (CO)<SUB>3</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP> system by adopting a chelate-then-click approach. In this strategy, a potent chelate system, azide-functionalized DPA, was first complexed with [<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc (CO)<SUB>3</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP>, followed by the SPAAC click reaction with azadibenzocyclooctyne-functionalized HSA (ADIBO-HSA) under biocompatible conditions. Radiolabeling efficiency of azide-functionalized DPA (<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-DPA) was >98%. Click conjugation efficiency of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-DPA with ADIBO-HSA was between 76 and 99% depending on the number of ADIBO moieties attached to HSA. In whole-body in vivo single photon emission computed tomography images, the blood pool uptakes of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-DPA-HSA were significantly enhanced compared to those of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-HSA at 10 min, 2, and 6 h after the injection (<I>P</I> < 0.001, 0.025, and 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, the blood activities of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-DPA-HSA were 8 times higher at 30 min and 10 times higher at 3 h after the injection compared to those of conventional <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-HSA in ex vivo biodistribution experiment. The results exhibit the potential of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-DPA-HSA as a blood pool imaging agent and further illustrate the promise of the pre-labeling SPAAC approach for conjugation of heat-sensitive biological targeting vectors with [<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc (CO)<SUB>3</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP>.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Multipath-DenseNet: A Supervised ensemble architecture of densely connected convolutional networks

Lodhi, Bilal,Kang, Jaewoo Elsevier 2019 Information sciences Vol.482 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Deep networks with skip-connections such as ResNets have achieved great results in recent years. DenseNet exploits the ResNet skip-connections by connecting each layer in convolution neural network to all preceding layers and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. It is well-known that deeper networks are more efficient and easier to train than shallow or wider networks. Despite the high performance of very deep networks, they are limited in terms of vanishing gradient, diminishing forward flow, and slower training time. In this paper, we propose to combine the benefits of the depth and width of networks. We train supervised independent shallow networks on the same input in a block fashion. We use a state-of-the-art DenseNet block to increase the number of paths for gradient flow. Our proposed architecture has several advantages over other deeper networks including DenseNet; our architecture which we call Multipath-DenseNet is deeper as well as wider, reduces training time, and uses a smaller number of parameters. We evaluate our proposed architecture on the following four object recognition datasets: CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN, and ImageNet. The evaluation results show that Multipath-DenseNet achieves significant improvement in performance over DenseNet on the benchmark datasets.</P>

Anti-inflammatory Potential of Chitin, Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides: A Review

( Gaurav Lodhi ),( Yon Suk Kim ),( Jin Woo Hwang ),( Se Kwon Kim ),( You Jin Jeon ),( Sang Ho Moon ),( Byong Tae Jeon ),( Pyo Jam Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2014 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Inflammation is primarily a defense mechanism of the host against invading pathogens with the main purpose being mainte-nance of tissue homeostasis. However, if it goes uncontrolled or unchecked, it leads to a plethora of pathological conditions including tissue damage, tumorogenesis and even organ failure. Chitin is a non-toxic, natural biopolymer synthesized in enor-mous amount by living organism. Chitosan is a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin. Both chitin and chitosan have been in the center of research because of their functional properties but poor solubility limits their application. Chitooligosaccharides(COS) are chemically or enzymatically degraded products of chitosan or chitin with an advantage of increased solubility. The application of chitin, chitosan and COS varies from being used in food, cosmetics, biomedicine, agriculture, environmental protection, and waste water management to being used as a bioactive material and carriers in drug delivery. In light of the various proven biomedical applications of chitin, chitosan and COS, this review focuses on their anti-inflammatory potential.

Indigenous Radiosynthesis of [131I]Iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]mIBG) for Neuroblastoma Imaging

Nadeem Ahmed Lodhi,Muhammad Irfan,Muhammad Nasir Saddique,Kahkshan Bashir Mir,Naseer Ahmed,Shazia Fatima,Mumtaz Khan,Muhammad Wasim,Samina Roohi 대한방사성의약품학회 2022 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.8 No.2

Indigenous diagnostic dose of 131I-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]mIBG) was prepared via Cu+ catalyzed isotope exchange reaction generated in situ by sodium metabisulfite for imaging of neuroblastoma tumor. [131I]mIBG was produced in overall 85-90% radiochemical yield. The average amount of radioactivity of [131I]mIBG was 2164 MBq (1998-2331MBq) with an average specific activity > 1000 MBq/mg at the end of synthesis. The radiochemical purity was ≥ 99.9% after purification through Dowex-1 × 8 ion exchange resin (100-150 mesh) at the date of preparation. The stability of [131I]mIBG at concentration 480-555 MBq/mL was > 97% at 4 °C after 4 days. The room temperature (25 °C) stability of [131I]mIBG was > 98% after 24 h. Biodistribution of [131I]mIBG in patient showed uptake in salivary glands, liver, spleen and excreted though urinary bladder. Neuroendocrine medicated uptake into tumor lesion and metastatic sites were noted which strongly correlate with the morphological abnormalities of patient.

Transient Multipath routing protocol for low power and lossy networks

( M Ali Lodhi ),( Abdul Rehman ),( Meer M Khan ),( Muhammad Asfand-e-yar ),( Faisal Bashir Hussain ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.4

RPL routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recommended IPv6 based protocol for routing over Low power Lossy Networks (LLNs). RPL is proposed for networks with characteristics like small packet size, low bandwidth, low data rate, lossy wireless links and low power. RPL is a proactive routing protocol that creates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the network topology. RPL is increasingly used for Internet of Things (IoT) which comprises of heterogeneous networks and applications. RPL proposes a single path routing strategy. The forwarding technique of RPL does not support multiple paths between source and destination. Multipath routing is an important strategy used in both sensor and ad-hoc network for performance enhancement. Multipath routing is also used to achieve multi-fold objectives including higher reliability, increase in throughput, fault tolerance, congestion mitigation and hole avoidance. In this paper, M-RPL (Multi-path extension of RPL) is proposed, which aims to provide temporary multiple paths during congestion over a single routing path. Congestion is primarily detected using buffer size and packet delivery ratio at forwarding nodes. Congestion is mitigated by creating partially disjoint multiple paths and by avoiding forwarding of packets through the congested node. Detailed simulation analysis of M-RPL against RPL in both grid and random topologies shows that M-RPL successfully mitigates congestion and it enhances overall network throughput.

New Mg0.5CoxZn0.5xFe2O4 nano-ferrites: Structural elucidation and electromagnetic behavior evaluation

Maria Yousaf Lodhi,Khalid Mahmood,Azhar Mahmood,Huma Malik,Muhammad Farooq Warsi,Imran Shakir,M. Asghar,Muhammad Azhar Khan 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.5

In this work cobalt substituted magnesium zinc nanocrystalline spinel ferrites having general formula Mg0.5CoxZn0.5xFe2O4 where x ¼ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 were synthesized using micro-emulsion technique. The Co substituted samples annealed at 700 C and characterized by various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dielectric measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD analysis confirmed single phase spinel structure and the crystalline size calculated by Scherrer’s formula found to be in 21.38e45.5 nm range. The lattice constant decreases as substitution of Co is increased. The decrease in lattice constant is attributed to the smaller ionic radius of cobalt as compared to zinc ion. The FTIR spectra reveled two prominent frequency bands in the wave number range 400e600 cm1 which confirm the cubic spinel structure and completion of chemical reaction. The dielectric parameters were observed to decrease with the increased Co contents. The peaking behavior was observed beyond 1.8 GHz. The frequency dependent dielectric properties of all these nanomaterials have been explained qualitatively in accordance with Koop’s phenomenological theory. Magnetic studies revealed that the coercivity (Hc) attains maximum value of 818 Oe at w21 nm. The increasing trend of magnetic parameters (coercivity and retentivity) is consistent with crystallinity. The crystallite size is small enough to attain considerable signal to noise ratio in high density recording media. The optimized magnetic parameters suggest that the material with composition Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 may have potential applications in high density recording media.

Electrochemical characterization and thermodynamic tendency of β-Lactoglobulin adsorption on 3D printed stainless steel

M.J.K Lodhi,K.M. Deen,Zia Ur Rahman,Ameeq Farooq,Waseem Haider 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.65 No.-

The electrochemical behavior of 3D printed 316L stainless steel (3DPSS) was investigated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), containing β-Lactoglobulin (BLG). The charge transfer resistance (Rct) was decreased from 629 to 40 k Ω cm2 with an increase in temperature from 293 to 323 K in BLG free electrolyte. At each temperature, the exponential decrease in the polarization resistance (Rp) of 3DPSS was a function of BLG concentration. The significant decrease in activation energy ‘Ea’ (∼15 kJ mol−1) upon adding 0.06 g/L BLG attributed to the charge transfer process involved in the adsorption process. The results were further used to quantify the thermodynamic parameters.

Institutions and Women Entrepreneurship: The Mediating Role of Women Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy and Ethical Decision Making

SALEEM, Faiza,LODHI, Saeed,ASIF, Muhammad Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

Women entrepreneurs play a vital role in employment creation, economic development, and growth. Women entrepreneurship is deep-rooted in the social and cultural norms and values of society. Women's entrepreneurship contribution is still invisible and needs to be properly investigated. The current research study explores "how institutions affect women's entrepreneurial performance in Pakistan" by using institutional and social cognitive theories. Focusing on the Formal and informal institutions, this research examines how institutions are affecting women's entrepreneurial performance by taking the mediating role of women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and ethical decision making. A 7-point Likert scale research questionnaire is used to collect primary data. Data on active entrepreneurs are collected from the Peshawar, Mardan, and Abbottabad divisions of KPK's Women Chambers of Commerce. The data is empirically tested through the path analysis technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) through SMART PLS 3. The results indicated that women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and ethical decision-making strongly mediate both institutions and significantly affect women's entrepreneurial performance. The study suggests that government and concerned departments should pay due attention to determinants like informal institutions and social constraints to boost women's entrepreneurial performance.

SOFT INTERSECTION AND SOFT UNION k-IDEALS OF HEMIRINGS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Anjum, Rukhshanda,Lodhi, Aqib Raza Khan,Munir, Mohammad,Kausar, Nasreen The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2022 한국수학논문집 Vol.30 No.2

The main aim of this paper is to discuss two different types of soft hemirings, soft intersection and soft union. We discuss applications and results related to soft intersection hemirings or soft intersection k-ideals and soft union hemirings or soft union k-ideals. The deep concept of k-closure, intersection and union of soft sets, ∧-product and ∨-product among soft sets, upper 𝛽-inclusion and lower 𝛽-inclusion of soft sets is discussed here. Many applications related to soft intersection-union sum and soft intersection-union product of sets are investigated in this paper. We characterize k-hemiregular hemirings by the soft intersection k-ideals and soft union k-ideals.

TRIF-dependent signaling pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Cordyceps militaris mycelia fermented Haliotis discus hannai in RAW264.7 macrophages

Yon-Suk Kim,Jin-Woo Hwang,Gaurav Lodhi,Seong-Eun Kim,Young-Ki Han,Seo-Hee Kang,Pyo-Jam Park 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2014 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.7