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Dependence of the properties of hydrothermally grown ZnO on precursor concentration
Zhao, X.,Lee, J.Y.,Kim, C.-R.,Heo, J.,Shin, C.M.,Leem, J.-Y.,Ryu, H.,Chang, J.-H.,Lee, H.C.,Jung, W.-G.,Son, C.-S.,Shin, B.C.,Lee, W.-J.,Tan, S.T.,Zhao, J.,Sun, X. North-Holland 2009 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.41 No.8
This study evaluated the effects of precursor concentration ranging from 0.06 to 1.5M on the properties of hydrothermally grown ZnO on annealed ZnO buffered Si substrates. At relatively low concentrations (no more than 0.5M), well-aligned ZnO arrays were grown on ZnO/Si(100) due to heterogeneous nucleation. As the concentration was increased to 1.0M, the morphologies changed to randomly accumulated particles as a result of homogeneous nucleation. The crystal and optical properties of the materials were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) measurement, respectively. It was found that the best crystal and optical properties were obtained with concentrations of 0.5 and 0.3M, respectively. These properties were observed to degrade when the concentration was raised to more than 1.0M.
Acupuncture Suppresses Morphine Craving in Progressive Ratio Through the GABA System
Lee, B.H.,Zhao, R.J.,Lee, B.G.,Kim, N.J.,Yang, C.H.,Kim, H.Y.,Gwak, Y.S.,Lim, S.C.,Kim, J.S.,Lee, Y.K.,Lee, H.J. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2015 JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MERIDIAN STUDIES Vol.8 No.4
Previous studies revealed that acupuncture suppressed both morphine self-administration and morphine-seeking behavior after abstinence. Based on these results, this study examined whether acupuncture attenuated morphine-craving under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule and investigated the possible neuronal mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer morphine (0.5 mg/kg) at a fixed ratio for 9 days, and rats who achieved stable infusion were switched to a PR schedule. When animals had taken no more morphine for 1 hour, the number of infusions was defined as the break point (BP). After PR training, animals that had established a stable BP received acupuncture the next day. Acupuncture was applied for 1 minute immediately before the test session. Bicuculline (1.0 mg/kg) and SCH 50911 (2.0 mg/kg) were given 30 minutes prior to acupuncture. The c-Fos levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were examined. Acupuncture at SI5 reduced the BP significantly. Moreover, the effects of acupuncture were blocked by either bicuculline or SCH 50911. Immunofluorescence revealed that acupuncture at SI5 decreased c-Fos expressions in the VTA and the NAc. This study demonstrates that acupuncture at SI5 is effective for the treatment of morphine-craving and that this effect is mediated via the GABA pathway.
Acupuncture inhibits liver injury induced by morphine plus acetaminophen through antioxidant system
Lee, Young Joon,Zhao, Rong Jie,Kim, Young Woo,Kang, Su Jin,Lee, Eun Kyung,Kim, Nam Jun,Chang, Suchan,Kim, Jin Mook,Lee, Ji Eun,Ku, Sae Kwang,Lee, Bong Hyo Elsevier 2016 European journal of integrative medicine Vol.8 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Morphine (MP) and acetaminophen (APAP), widely used-pain relievers and antipyretics, are known to induce hepatotoxicity. Acupuncture, a traditional therapy in Asia, is used for various reasons including detoxification. This study aimed to examine whether acupuncture exerts protective effects against MP+APAP-induced hepatic damage.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Male Sprague-Dawley rats received chronic MP, withdrawal, and APAP. Thereafter, blood and liver were taken. Acupuncture was performed once daily. Asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured, and percentages of abnormally decreased-hepatocyte regions, mean liver cell counts, and mean inflammatory cell numbers infiltrated on hepatic parenchyma were examined. In addition, antioxidant effects were evaluated based on liver lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities with the number of immunopositive hepatocytes against nitrotyrosine (NT) as a marker of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) related-oxidative stresses and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) as a marker of lipid peroxidation.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Significant elevations of AST and ALT were noted of MP or APAP. They also induced an increase in MDA contents as well as decreases in GSH levels and activities of SOD and CAT activity. A centrolobular decrease in hepatocytes along with degenerative changes of hepatocytes were also observed, and increases of NT and 4HNE immunoreactive hepatocytes were shown. These hepatocellular damages were more severe with the combination of MP+APAP. However, these MP+APAP-induced hepatic damages were significantly inhibited by acupuncture.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>This study suggests that acupuncture may have a protective effect against the MP+APAP-induced hepatic damage through the amelioration of antioxidant defense systems.</P>
Lee, Kang Man,Choi, Won Jun,Lee, Yoon Ji,Lee, Hyun Joo,Zhao, Long Xuan,Lee, Hyuk Woo,Park, Jae Gyu,Kim, Hea Ok,Hwang, Kwang Yeon,Heo, Yong Seok,Choi, Sun,Jeong, Lak Shin 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2011 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.21
The X-ray crystal structure of human S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase was first determined as a tetrameric form bound with the novel mechanism-based inhibitor fluoroneplanocin A (4b). The crystallized enzyme complex showed the closed conformation and turned out to be the intermediate of mechanism-based inhibition. It confirmed that the cofactor depletion by 3'-oxidation of fluoroneplanocin A contributes to the enzyme inhibition along with the irreversible covalent modification of AdoHcy hydrolase. In addition, a series of haloneplanocin A analogues (4b-e and 5b-e) were designed and synthesized to characterize the binding role and reactivity of the halogen substituents and the 4'-CH(2)OH group. The biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies identified the key pharmacophores and structural requirements for the inhibitor binding of AdoHcy hydrolase. The inhibitory activity was decreased as the size of the halogen atom increased and/or if the 4'-CH(2)OH group was absent. These results could be utilized to design new therapeutic agents operating via AdoHcy hydrolase inhibition.
Matthew Lee,Ziho Lee,Helaine Koster,Minsuk Jun,Aeen M. Asghar,Randall Lee,David Strauss,Neel Patel,Daniel Kim,Sreeya Komaravolu,Alice Drain,Michael J. Metro,Lee Zhao,Michael Stifelman,Daniel D. Eun 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.1
Purpose: To report our intermediate-term, multi-institutional experience after robotic ureteral reconstruction for the management of long-segment proximal ureteral strictures. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS) database to identify all patients who underwent robotic ureteral reconstruction for long-segment (≥4 centimeters) proximal ureteral strictures between August 2012 and June 2019. The primary surgeon determined the specific technique to reconstruct the ureter at time of surgery based on the patient's clinical history and intraoperative findings. Our primary outcome was surgical success, which we defined as the absence of ureteral obstruction on radiographic imaging and absence of obstructive flank pain. Results: Of 20 total patients, 4 (20.0%) underwent robotic ureteroureterostomy (RUU) with downward nephropexy (DN), 2 (10.0%) underwent robotic ureterocalycostomy (RUC) with DN, and 14 (70.0%) underwent robotic ureteroplasty with buccal mucosa graft (RU-BMG). Median stricture length was 4 centimeters (interquartile range [IQR], 4–4; maximum, 5), 6 centimeters (IQR, 5–7; maximum, 8), and 5 centimeters (IQR, 4–5; maximum, 8) for patients undergoing RUU with DN, RUC with DN, and RU-BMG, respectively. At a median follow-up of 24 (IQR, 14–51) months, 17/20 (85.0%) cases were surgically successful. Two of four patients (50.0%) who underwent RUU with DN developed stricture recurrences within 3 months. Conclusions: Long-segment proximal ureteral strictures may be safely and effectively managed with RUC with DN and RU-BMG. Although RUU with DN can be utilized, this technique may be associated with a higher failure rate.
Zhao, ZhengLin,Kim, Sang Chan,Liu, HongFeng,Zhang, Jie,Wang, YuHua,Cho, Il Je,Lee, Bong Hyo,Song, Chang Hyun,Lee, Chul Won,Yang, Chae Ha,Zhao, RongJie,Wu, YiYan Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-
<P>Acupuncture improves ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats in an acupoint-dependent manner. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of acupuncture on acute restraint stress- (ARS-) induced anxiety. Male rats were exposed to ARS for 3 h followed by acupuncture at either PC6 (Neiguan), HT7 (Shenmen), or a nonacupoint (tail) once a day for three consecutive days. Five minutes after the third acupuncture treatment, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in an elevated plus maze (EPM). Additionally, plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Acupuncture at PC6, but not HT7 or a nonacupoint, attenuated anxiety-like behavior, but this attenuation was abolished by a postacupunctural intra-CeA infusion of NE. Acupuncture at PC6 also reduced the oversecretion of plasma CORT and inhibited increases in amygdaloid NE and MHPG induced by ARS. Further, Western blot analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that acupuncture at PC6 prevented ARS-induced enhancements in the protein and mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase in the CeA. These results suggest that acupuncture performed specifically at acupoint PC6 reduces ARS-induced anxiety-like behavior by dampening amygdaloid noradrenergic responses.</P>
Zhao, Guoqing,Shen, Wenfei,Jeong, Eunwook,Lee, Sang-Geul,Chung, Hee-Suk,Bae, Tae-Sung,Bae, Jong-Seong,Lee, Gun-Hwan,Tang, Jianguo,Yun, Jungheum American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.47
<P>Controlling the shape and crystallography of nanocrystals during the early growth stages of a noble metal layer is important because of its correlation with the final layer morphology and optoelectrical features, but this task is unattainable in vapor deposition processes dominated by artificially uncontrollable thermodynamic free energies. We report on experimental evidence for the controllable evolution of Ag nanocrystals as induced by the addition of nitrogen, presumed to be nonresidual in the Ag lattice given its strong float-out behavior. This atypical formation of energetically stable Ag nanocrystals with significantly improved wetting abilities on a chemically heterogeneous substrate promotes the development of an atomically flat, ultrathin, high-purity Ag layer with a thickness of only 5 nm. This facilitates the fabrication of Ag thin-film electrodes exhibiting highly enhanced optical transparency over a broad spectral range in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. An Ag thin-film electrode with a ZnO/Ag/ZnO configuration exhibits an average transmittance of about 95% in the spectral range of 400-800 nm with a maximum transmittance of over 98% at 580 nm, which is comparable with the best transparency values so far reported for transparent electrodes. This degree of optical transparency provides an excellent chance to improve the photon absorption of photovoltaic devices employing an Ag thin film as their window electrode. This is clearly confirmed by the superior performance of a flexible organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 8.0%, which is far superior to that of the same solar cell using a conventional amorphous indium tin oxide electrode (6.4%).</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Effects of (−)-Sesamin on Chronic Stress-Induced Anxiety Disorders in Mice
Zhao, T. T.,Shin, K. S.,Park, H. J.,Yi, B. R.,Lee, K. E.,Lee, M. K. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Neurochem Res Vol.42 No.4
<P>This study investigated the effects of (-)-sesamin on chronic electric footshock (EF) stress-induced anxiety disorders in mice. Mice were treated with (-)-sesamin (25 and 50 mg/kg) orally once a day for 21 days prior to exposure to EF stress (0.6 mA, 1 s every 5 s, 3 min). Mice treated with (-)-sesamin (25 and 50 mg/kg) exhibited less severe decreases in the number of open arm entries and time spent on open arms in the elevated plus-maze test and the distance traveled in the open field test following exposure to chronic EF stress. Similarly, mice treated with (-)-sesamin exhibited significantly less severe decreases in brain levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin following exposure to chronic EF stress. Increases in serum levels of corticosterone and expression of c-Fos were also less pronounced in mice treated with (-)-sesamin (25 and 50 mg/kg). These results suggest that (-)-sesamin may protect against the effects of chronic EF stress-induced anxiety disorders by modulating dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels, c-Fos expression, and corticosterone levels.</P>
Zhao, Guoqing,Shen, Wenfei,Jeong, Eunwook,Lee, Sang-Geul,Yu, Seung Min,Bae, Tae-Sung,Lee, Gun-Hwan,Han, Seung Zeon,Tang, Jianguo,Choi, Eun-Ae,Yun, Jungheum American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.32
<P>Improving the wetting ability of Ag on chemically heterogeneous oxides is technically important to fabricate ultrathin, continuous films that would facilitate the minimization of optical and electrical losses to develop qualified transparent Ag film electrodes in the state-of-the-art optoelectronic devices. This goal has yet to be attained, however, because conventional techniques to improve wetting of Ag based on heterogeneous metallic wetting layers are restricted by serious optical losses from wetting layers. Herein, we report on a simple and effective technique based on the partial oxidation of Ag nanoclusters in the early stages of Ag growth. This promotes the rapid evolution of the subsequently deposited pure Ag into a completely continuous layer on the ZnO substrate, as verified by experimental and numerical evidence. The improvement in the Ag wetting ability allows the development of a highly transparent, ultrathin (6 nm) Ag continuous film, exhibiting an average optical transmittance of 94% in the spectral range 400-800 nm and a sheet resistance of 12.5 Ω sq<SUP>-1</SUP>, which would be well-suited for application to an efficient front window electrode for flexible solar cell devices fabricated on polymer substrates.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>