여성형유방(Gynecomastia)에 대한 임상적 고찰

장일성,이희만,홍은표 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

A Clinical Study was made in 94 cases of the gynecomastia at the department of General Surgery. Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 1986 to August, 1994. The results were as follows : 1) The most frequent age group in gynecomastia was sixties, 27 cases(28.7 %). 2) The most common duration from symptom onset to the first visit was within 6 months, 73 cases (77.7%). 3) The breast masses were located at the left breast in 45 cases (47.9%), at the right breast in 35 cases (37.2%), and bilateral in 14 cases (14.9%). 4) The most prominent symptom was palpable mass in 62 cases (66.0%), followed by palpable mass and pain in 30 cases(31.9%), palpable mass and nipple discharge in 2 cases(2.1%). 5) The etiology of gynecomastia was as follows : Association with other systemic diseases in 25 cases(26.5%), pubertal gynecomastia in 20 cases(21.3%), senescent gynecomastia in 17 cases(18.1%), idiopathic gynecomastia in 19 cases(20.2%), drug related gynecomastia in 12 cases(12.8%), and chromosomal abnormality in one case(1.1%). 6) The results of laboratory test were as follows : Liver function test was performed in 67 cases(71.3%), ultrasonography of liver in 26 cases(27.6%), liver scan in 10 cases(10.6%), and hormonal assay in 13 cases(13.5%). The results of liver function test were reported as abnormal in 12 cases(12.8%), the results of ultrasonography as abnormal in 8 cases(8.6%), the results of liver scan as abnormal in one case(1.1%), and the resutls of hormonal assay as normal in all cases. 7) Excision was performed in 16 cases(17.0%), pathological diagnosis of all cases were gynecomastia and one case was gynecomastia with intraductal papillomatosis.

Fibroadenoma에 대한 임상적 고찰

장일성,김지연,이희만 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of breast in human female between the age of 20 and 35 years. The great majority of patients should be treated by excisional biopsy to remove the tumor and establish the diagnosis. Authors have reviewed 110 case of fibroadenoma who underwent surgical operation during the period from Jaunary 1990 to Jaunary 1993 at the department of General Surgery in Chungnam National University Hospital. The circumareolar skin incision was selected if the tumor was compatible with benign fibroadenoma on the finding of preoperative mammogram and sonogram. But, the diagnosis was uncertain and the distance from the mass to nipple was over 3 cm, the skin incision was made on the just above the palpable mass. In order to minimize the seroma, hemostasis was taken completely, the use of electrocautery was restricted as possible, a close suction drain was kept to surgical dead space via the main wound by vaccum tube in case of leaving large dead space, and compressive dressing was applied on the defected wound site after the operation. The major complication after the excision of suspicious fibroadenoma was seroma, and its complication rate was about 8% (9/110 cases). But, another complication was not found. The rate of discharge at the first postoperative day was calculated to 73.2 % among the total patients and the remaining of all patients could be discharged at the second postoperative day. In conclusion, the young female who was under suspicion of fibroadenoma must be treated with excision and the excised specimen should undergo histologic examination to rule out carcinoma or to confirm the diagnosis. The associated major complications were revealed to minimal.

금속 이온의 침전이 동반되는 연속식 화학-전해 조합 탈질 공정 특성 (II)

김광욱,김수호,이일희 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

본 논문에서는 금속이온의 침전이 동반되는 연속식 개미산 탈질-잔여 산 전해 분해 조합 공정에서의 질산 분해 특성 및 금속이온의 침전 특성이 연구되었다. 개미산 탈질-잔여 산 전해 분해 조합 공정은 초기 질산 2.0M의 용액을 연속적으로 0.1M이하까지 효과적으로 조절할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 고려된 Zr, Mo, Nd, Fe 등은 개미산에 의한 탈질 후 잔여 산의 전해 분해 과정에서 전극에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 질산 용액 중의 Mo 이온은 전해 반응과정에서 아질산 생성을 촉진시켰다. 연속식 개미산 탈질 반응기에 공급되는 개미산/질산의 몰 비는 최종 온도, 침전율 및 침전물의 형태에 큰 영향을 주어 그 비율이 1.65일 때 잔여 산의 전해 분해 후의 최종 산도가 0.1 M 정도로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 그 때 Zr, Mo 의 침전율은 가장 높은 값으로 각각 95%, 83%까지 도달하였다. 침전물의 형태는 반응기에 공급되는 개미산/질산의 비율에 큰 영향을 받아 개미산/질산의 몰 비 1.5-1.7 사이에서만 침상 형태를 가졌으며 그 이외의 영역에서는 구상의 형태를 가졌다. This work has studied the characteristics of destruction of nitric acid and precipitation of several metal ions in a continuous denitration process combining by formic acid and a residual acid-electrolytic trimming system. The process could treat continuously and effectively a feeding nitric acid of 2.0M to below about 0.1M. The metal ions of Zr, Mo, Fe, and Nd did not affect the electrodes at the step of electrolytic trimming of the residual acid after denitration by formic acid. The Mo ion in electrolytic solution enhanced the generation of nitrite ion during the electrolytic reaction. The mole ratio of formic acid to nitric acid fed into the continuous denitration reactor using formic acid affected much the final acidity, the precipitation yields of metal ions, the precipitate morphology. At the ratio of 1.65, the process had the lowest final acidity of less than 0.1M, and the precipitation yields of Zr and Mo reached 95% and 83%, respectively as the highest values. Only the precipitate generated in the mole ratio of formic acid to nitric acid between 1.5 and 1.7 had a needle-shaped morphology, otherwise it was granular-shaped.

고농도 질산 분해를 위한 연속식 화학-전해 조합 탈질 공정 (I)

김광욱,김수호,이일희 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

본 논문에서는 고준위 폐액 중의 장수명 핵종을 분리하기 위한 군분리 공정에서 추출 공정의 산도조절 목적으로 사용되는 기존의 회분식 개미산 탈질 고정 개선이 시도되었다. 연속식 개미산 탈질과 잔여 산의 전해 분해 공정 조합 시의 질산 및 개미산의 분해 특성과 그때 분해 생성물의 변화 특성에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 연속식 개미산 탈질에서는 약 30분 내에 정상상태에 도달하며 용액의 탈질 반응기 내의 체류시간은 최종 산도에 영향을 주고, 회분식처럼 개미산/질산의 몰 비가 1.5일 때 탈질에 의한 최저산도 값을 보여주었다. Ti-IrO_(2) 전해 반응기를 사용시 전류밀도에 따른 질산과 개미산의 분해 속도는 각각 9.33×10^(-3), 1.37×10^(-2)M(hrㆍ㎃/㎠)이었다. 질산은 Ti 음극의 환원에 의한 개미산은 IrO_(2) 양극의 산화에 의해서만 분해되었다. 본 연구에서 새롭게 제시된 연속식 개미산 탈질-잔여 산 전해 분해 공정의 조합은 2.0M 질산 용액을 최종적으로 약 0.1M 이하까지 연속 처리할 수 있었다. This work has improved the conventional batch denitration by formic acid which has been used for controlling the acidity of solution for the solvent extractions to partition the long lived-radionuclides from the high level radioactive liquid waste. The characteristics of destructions of nitric acid and formic acid and their destructive products in a continuous denitration process combining a continuous denitration system by formic acid and an electrolytic residual acid-trimming system suggested in this work was evaluated. The continuous denitration by formic acid reached a steady state in 30 minutes and showed the dependence of the final acidity on the residence time of feeding solution into the reactor. Also the system had the lowest final acidity at a mole ratio of formic acid and nitric acid of 1.5 like the batch denitration. In a Ti-IrO₂ electrolytic cell, the destructive rates of formic acid and nitric acid were 9.33×10^(-3) and 10^(-2)/M(hr·mA/㎠), respectively. The nitric acid and the formic acid were destructed through the reduction at the T₁ cathode and the oxidation at the IrO₂ anode, respectively. The newly suggested continuous denitration process combining the denitation by formic acid and residual acid-electrolytic treatment could control continuously a feeding nitric acid of 2.0M to below about 0.1M.

Thermal Decomposition of Chabazite-Cs and Chabazite-PCFC-Cs Zeolite

Eil-Hee Lee,Ji-Min Kim,Maeng-Kyo Oh,Min-Jeong Kim,Keun-Young Lee,Kwang-Wook Kim,Hyung-Ju Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Jei-Kwon Moon,Jong-Won Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2017 No.05

Extraction Behaviors of Rhenium from the Simulated Solution by TBP(Tributyl Phosphate)

Eil Hee Lee 한국화학공학회 1999 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.37 No.3

CO-SEPARATION OF Am AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM A HIGHLY ACIDIC RADWASTE SOLUTION BY A SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH (DIMETHYLDIBUTYL TETRADECYLMALONAMIDE-DIHEXYLOCTANAMIDE)/N-DODECANE

Lee, Eil-Hee,Lim, Jae-Gwan,Chung, Dong-Yong,Yoo, Jae-Hyung,Kim, kwang-Wook Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the high-acidity co-separation of Am and RE from a simulated radwaste solution by a solvent extraction using a mixture of Dimethyldibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA, as an extractant) and dihexyl octanamide (DHOA, as a phase modifier) diluted with n-dodecane (NDD). All the experiments were conducted as a batch type. First, the environmentally friendly DMDBTDMA and DHOA composed of only CHON atoms were self-synthesized. Then, the conditions for the prevention of a third phase, generated in the organic phase were examined. In addition, the effects of the concentration of nitric acid, DHOA, oxalic acid and $H_2O_2$ on the co-extraction of Am and RE were elucidated. Consequently, the optimum condition of (0.5M DMDBTDMA+0.5M DHOA)/NDD-0.3M $C_2H_2O_4-4.5M$ $HNO_3$ and O/A=2 was obtained through experimental work. Under this condition, the extraction yields were found to be about 80% for Am, more than 70% for RE such as La, Eu, Nd, Ce, etc., 3% for Cs and Sr, 69% for Fe and less than 11% for Mo and Ru. For the co-extraction of Am and RE, Fe should be removed in advance or prevented from a co-extraction with Am by controlling the different extraction rates of Am and Fe. About 95% of the Am and RE in the organic phase were stripped using a 0.5M $HNO_3$.

CO-SEPARATION OF Am AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM A HIGHLY ACIDIC RADWASTE SOLUTION BY A SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH (DIMETHYLDIBUTYL TETRADECYLMALONAMIDE-DIHEXYLOCTANAMIDE)/NDODECANE

EIL-HEE LEE,JAE-GWAN LIM,DONG-YONG CHUNG,유재형,김광욱 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the high-acidity co-separation of Am and RE from a simulated radwaste solution by a solvent extraction using a mixture of Dimethyldibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA, as an extractant) and dihexyl octanamide (DHOA, as a phase modifier) diluted with n-dodecane (NDD). All the experiments were conducted as a batch type. First, the environmentally friendly DMDBTDMA and DHOA composed of only CHON atoms were self-synthesized. Then, the conditions for the prevention of a third phase, generated in the organic phase were examined. In addition, the effects of the concentration of nitric acid, DHOA, oxalic acid and H₂O₂ on the co-extraction of Am and RE were elucidated. Consequently, the optimum condition of (0.5M DMDBTDMA+0.5M DHOA)/NDD-0.3M C₂H₂O₄-4.5M HNO₃ and O/A=2 was obtained through experimental work. Under this condition, the extraction yields were found to be about 80% for Am, more than 70% for RE such as La, Eu, Nd, Ce, etc., 3% for Cs and Sr, 69% for Fe and less than 11% for Mo and Ru. For the co-extraction of Am and RE, Fe should be removed in advance or prevented from a co-extraction with Am by controlling the different extraction rates of Am and Fe. About 95% of the Am and RE in the organic phase were stripped using a 0.5M HNO₃.

Selective removal of Cs and Re by precipitation in a Na2CO3-H2O2 solution

Lee, Eil-Hee,Lim, Jae-Gwan,Chung, Dong-Yong,Yang, Han-Beom,Kim, Kwang-Wook Springer-Verlag 2010 JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Vol.284 No.2

Removal of Cs by Adsorption with IE911 (Crystalline Silicotitanate) from High-Radioactive Seawater Waste

Eil-Hee Lee,Keun-Young Lee,Kwang-Wook Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Jei-Kwon Moon 한국방사성폐기물학회 2015 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 고방사성해수폐액에 함유되어 있는 주요 고방사성 핵종인 Cs을 제거하기 위하여 IE911 (crystalline silicotitanate) 에 의한 흡착 제거를 수행하였다. Cs의 효율적 흡착제거 및 2차 고체폐기물의 발생량을 최소화하기 위하여 IE911-Cs 흡착 은 m/V (흡착제 질량/용액 부피) 비=2.5 g/L, 흡착시간은 1 시간 정도가 효과적이었다. 이때 Cs은 약 99%, Sr은 5% 이하가 각각 흡착되었다. 또한 IE911-Cs 흡착은 Langmuir 등온식 및 유사 (pseudo) 2차 속도 식으로 표현할 수 있으며, 흡착속도상 수(k2)는 Cs의 초기농도 및 입자크기 증가에 따라 감소하는데 반하여, m/V 비, 온도 및 교반속도 증가에 따라서는 증가하고 있다. IE911-Cs 흡착의 활성화에너지는 약 79.9 kJ/mol 로, IE911-Cs 흡착이 보다 강력한 결합 형태를 이룬 화학적 흡착임 을 보여주고 있다. 그리고 음수 값의 Gibbs 자유에너지 및 엔탈피는 IE911-Cs의 흡착반응이 정반응의 발열반응이고, 저온에 서 반응이 상대적으로 활발함을 의미하며, 음수 값의 엔트로피는 흡착된 Cs이 IE911에 균일하게 정렬되어 있음을 나타낸다. This study was performed on the removal of Cs, one of the main high- radioactive nuclides contained in the high-radioactive seawater waste (HSW), by adsorption with IE911 (crystalline silicotitanate type). For the effective removal of Cs and the minimization of secondary solid waste generation, adsorption of Cs by IE911 (hereafter denoted as IE911-Cs) was effective to carry out in the m/V (ratio of absorbent weight to solution volume) ratio of 2.5 g/L, and the adsorption time of 1 hour. In these conditions, Cs and Sr were adsorbed about 99% and less than 5%, respectively. IE911-Cs could be also expressed as a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second order rate equation. The adsorption rate constants (k2) were decreased with increasing initial Cs concentrations and particle sizes, and increased with increasing ratios of m/V, solution temperatures and agitation speeds. The activation energy of IE911-Cs was about 79.9 kJ/mol. It was suggested that IE911-Cs was dominated by a chemical adsorption having a strong bonding form. From the negative values of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy, it was indicated that the reaction of IE911-Cs was a forward, exothermic and relatively active at lower temperatures. Additionally, the negative entropy values were seen that the adsorbed Cs was evenly distributed on the IE911.