Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae) from Reeve's Turtle, Mauremys reevesii: New Annelid Fauna in Korea

Koo, Kyo Soung,Yun, Kayoung,Jang, Yikweon The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Me 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.3

Turtle leeches have not been recorded in Korea, although they occur in geographically adjacent countries including China and Japan. This study describes a turtle leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae), found from Reeve's turtle (Mauremys reevesii) in Korea. Of the 143 Reeve's turtles collected from the freshwater reservoir in Jinju City, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 95 unidentified leeches were found in 8 (5.6%) individuals. The leeches had 22 somites with 11 pairs of externally exposed branchiae, body-sized posterior suckers, and spines on the dorsal surface. We identified these leeches as Ozobranchus jantseanus Oka, 1912 (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae). This species of turtle leeches found in Korea may fill the gap in the biodiversity of East Asian annulus.

Problem in Morphological Identifications of the Five Newly Described Korean Hynobius Salamander Species in South Korea

Kyo Soung Koo,Eun Sol Kim,Hyunjung Kim,Jong-Yoon Im,Younji Kim 한국양서ㆍ파충류학회 2023 한국양서·파충류학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Recent advances in phylogenetic analysis techniques have played a significant role in discovering and documenting new species. In South Korea, the number of Hynobius salamander species doubled in the past decade. However, since morphological traits to distinguish species are not as clear as the genetic divergence, the issue of species identification is still a major controversy. This study aims to investigate the possibility of identification of Korean Hynobius species through an expert survey by participants of the Korean Society of Herpetologists (KSH). Our results showed that only 9.3% of 43 participants answered that they could distinguish Korean Hynobius species. Of those who answered they could identify the salamanders, 45.5% identified the species based on the address where the salamanders were found. Most of the participants answered that the main reason for not being able to distinguish the salamander species was there were no external differences. The participants answered that the five salamander species were indistinguishable due to morphological similarity (88.6%), lack of experience (9.6%), and similar size (3.8%). Our results showed that the morphometrical identification of the Korean Hynobius species may not be effective and push the people to record the species based on the location rather than the species itself. In addition, this confusion has the potential to become a major problem limiting the study of existing species as well as newly described ones.

국내 뱀류 9종의 비늘 크기와 형태 비교

구교성 ( Koo Kyo Soung ),박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),김종선 ( Jong Sun Kim ),권세라 ( Sera Kwon ),최우진 ( Woo Jin Choi ),박일국 ( Il Kook Park ),조한나 ( Han Na Cho ),박재진 ( Jae Jin Park ),오홍식 ( Hong Shik Oh ),박대식 ( Daesik Pa 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2017 생태와 환경 Vol.50 No.2

Body scales directly exposed to external environments can be an important factor to understand various characteristics of a species such as habitat features, life history and basic ecology. In this study, we compared size and morphology of dorsal, outermost dorsal, keeled dorsal and ventral scales of total nine snake species in Korea; Oocatochus rufodorsatus, Elaphe dione, Rhabdophis tigrinus, Amphiesma vibakari, Dinodon rufozonatum, Hierophis spinalis in the Colubridae and Gloydius ussuriensis, G. brevicaudus, G. saxatilis in the Viperidae. The morphological characteristics of the scales seem to well reflect foraging modes and moving activity of both families. Uniquely D. rufozonatum had a diamond shape dorsal scale and had the greatest and smallest value of the ratio of width/length of dorsal and ventral scales, respectively. O. rufodorsatus, D. rufozonatum and H. spinalis did not have keeled dorsal scales and E. dione had keel on the few of dorsal scales. In addition, morphological characteristics of scales of three viper species were closely consistent with previously known phylogenetic relationships.

국내 외래 양서·파충류 인공 번식 현황

구교성 ( Kyo Soung Koo ),김유진 ( Eugene Kim ),백희진 ( Hee Jin Baek ),서희정 ( Hui Jeong Seo ),황영혜 ( Young Hae Hwang ),장이권 ( Yikweon Jang ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

In the late 1990s, American bullfrogs and red-eared sliders, imported for food, pets, and religious events in South Korea. By natural or artificial factors, however the non-native species were introduced into nature. The Korean government designated the two species as ecosystem disruptors, and subsequently banned imports and transactions because of the risk to the nature. Unfortunately, with the recent expansion of the pet market, more diverse non-native reptiles are being imported into the country. This increase in imports of non-native organisms is linked to an increase in potential inflows to ecosystem and confounding threats. A recent survey found that nearly 20 species of non-native amphibian-reptiles discovered in the wild. Furthermore non-native amphibian-reptiles are actively bred by people for hobby or profit reason, but it has not been determined how many amphibians and reptiles are artificially bred in South Korea. Therefore in this study, we investigated how various non-native amphibian-reptiles are subject to artificial reproduction. For the collection of data, all non-native amphibian-reptiles were collected from 1st to 31st August 2021. We used searching engine such as Google, YouTube, Naver, and Daum to find breeding recorded. Keywords that can be related to artificial breeding such as "cultivation, breeding, non-native species, and rare species were used to gain accurate data. In the collected data, it was divided into 1) breeding period, 2) breeding location, 3) breeding target species, 4) success or failure of breeding, and 5) breeding subjects. We found 368 cases of artificial breeding. The first case was recorded in 2008 with Burmese python (1 case) and have since increased steadily until 2021. The most of breeding recorded in 2021, with 117 (31.7%) cases. Artificial breeding took place at a total of 146 locations, Gyeonggi-do has the most abundant site of 57 locations, followed by Seoul has 30 locations, Chungnam has 15 locations, Incheon has 10 locations and Gyeongbuk has 8 locations. The breeding population (n=368) had the largest number of 126 lizard cases (34.2%) with 94 snakes, 92 turtles, 54 frogs and 2 salamander cases. There was a total of 129 non-native amphibian-reptiles that were subject to reproduction. Among them, Leopard Gecko was 42 cases followed by corn snake 33, king snake 17, and ball python 17. From 350 cases that identified the breeding results, 75.4% (264) were successful (hatching). 226 cases of breeding were conducted by individuals this is twice as many as 113 cases by companies. The breeding of non-native amphibian-reptiles tended to be concentrated mainly in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, the metropolitan area. A total of 677 species of non-native amphibian-reptiles were announced in 2019, 19.1% of which were subject to artificial breeding. Among the various non-native amphibian-reptiles, Leopard gecko had the highest frequency of reproduction, which can be related to various factors such as low breeding difficulty, high selling price, and high reproduction rate. A risk assessment of the top 10 species including Leopard gecko will need to be made for preparing the potential introduction into nature. Considering the more cases of individual breeding than businesses and the success rate of breeding exceeds 70%, there is a possibility that the number of non-native amphibian-reptiles will increase rapidly in the future. Therefore management and safeguards for artificial reproduction by individuals and companies must be prepared.

한국의 제주에서 발견된 바다거북잡종(Caretta caretta x Chelonia mydas)에 대한 첫 보고

구교성 ( Kyo-soung Koo ),한상현 ( Sang-hyun Han ),오홍식 ( Hong-shik Oh ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.4

In this study, we report for the first time a hybridization between Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas in South Korea. On 7th May 2012, a sea turtle (Jeju sea turtle 01, JST01) was found in the east coast of Jeju Island, South Korea. The morphological characteristics of JST01 were compared with those of C. caretta and C. mydas that were frequently observed in Korean Seas. Interestingly, JST01 showed similar morphological characters such as body color, appearance of carapace, shape of upper beak, serration on marginal scute, and two claws with those of C. caretta. On the other hand, JST01 showed also similar patterns in several characteristics including the numbers of marginal, inframarginal and costal scute, smooth carapace without keel, no contact between costal scute and nuchal scute with those of C. mydas. From these results, we suggest that JST01 is one of hybrid animals bred between C. caretta and C. mydas, because JST01 has speciesspecific characters from both species. We anticipate that our study would be useful and have significant impact onto study inter-specific hybridization in the groups of sea turtle.

한국산 남생이(Mauremys reevesii)의 번식행동 관찰

구교성(Kyo-Soung Koo),송재영(Jae-Young Song),장민호(Min-Ho Chang) 국립공원연구원 2015 국립공원연구지 Vol.6 No.3

2015년 1월 13일 겨울철 남생이의 증식·복원 연구의 일환으로 실내에서 관리 중이 던 남생이 수컷과 암컷 사이에 번식행동이 관찰되었다. 번식행동은 수컷의 1) 교미 전 단계인 수컷의 구애행동과 암컷의 배갑 후면 오르기, 2) 교미 단계인 생식기 삽입, 정액 배출, 이동 그리고 3) 종료로 진행되었다. 번식행동 과정 중 2) 교미 단계는 18분 09초 동안 진행되었다. 교미 과정에서 수컷은 교미가 끝날 때까지 분당 1.7 ± 1회(총 37회)의 정액 배출행동을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 남생이 번식행동에 대한 과정과 시간을 국내 최초로 기록하였다. 또한 적절한 환경이 갖추어지면 남생이의 번식활동이 일반적이지 않은 시기인 겨울철까지 확장 될 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 이는 멸종위기야생생물인 남생이의 성공적인 증식과 보전을 위한 중요한 자료가 될 것이다. On January 13th, 2015, the breeding behavior was observed between male and female of Mauremys reevesii. The breeding behavior was preceeded to three stages; 1) pre-mating stage: courtship and climbing female’s rear-carapace by male, 2) mating stage: inserting genitals and sperm draining by male, and moving by female, 3) breeding ehavior end. Approximately 18 minutes was spent for mating stage in breeding behavior. During the second stage, male performed sperm draining action approximately 1.7 ± 1 times per a minute until finishing the breeding behavior. In the results of study, we concretely observed and reported the whole process and time of the breeding behavior in M. reevesii. Additionally, it is confirmed that if proper environment prepare for M. reevesii, the breeding season of the species could be extended even to the middle of winter. We expect that our results will be important sources for the proliferation and restoration of endangered species, M. reevesii in Korean peninsula.

외래양서파충류 관리 유형 및 소요되는 경제적 비용 분석

문인영 ( Inyoung Moon ),구교성 ( Kyo Soung Koo ),윤가영 ( Kayoung Yun ),장이권 ( Yikweon Jang ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

황소개구리 Lithobates catesbeianus와 붉은귀거북 Trachemys scripta elegans은 세계 100대 위해종으로 지정된 대표적인 양서파충류이다. 국내에는 1959년도와 1970년대에 각각 식용과 애완용, 종교 행사의 이용 목적으로 수입되었다. 하지만, 판매 가치의 저하, 사육에 대한 부담, 탈출 등의 요인으로 야생에 유입되어 현재 전국에서 발견되고 있다. 특히, 황소개구리와 붉은귀거북은 국내 환경에 완전히 정착하여, 토종 생물들을 무차별적으로 잡아먹는 등의 문제를 일으키고 있다. 이에 따라 환경부에서는 황소개구리와 붉은귀거북을 1998년도와 2001년도에 각각 생태계교란종으로 분류하여, 국가 차원의 관리를 시작하였다. 외래양서파충류가 유발하는 생태적 그리고 사회적 영향은 국내에서 다루어진 바가 있으나 아직까지 경제적 측면의 피해는 구체적으로 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 야생으로 유입된 외래양서파충류의 관리를 위해 투입된 예산 규모 즉 경제적 소모 비용을 파악하기 위한 조사를 수행하였다. 조사의 범위는 2014년부터 2021년까지 황소개구리와 붉은귀거북 관련되어 투입된 정부 예산 규모이다. 외래양서파충류와 관련된 예산은 크게 1) 분포 및 현황 조사(국립생태원), 2) 제거 및 관리를 위한 연구 지원(한국환경산업기술원), 3) 지자체에 의한 직접 퇴치로 구분할 수 있었다. 조사 기간 내의 연구비의 총액은 약 262.1억이었으며, 한국환경산업기술원이 154.7억으로 가장 많았다. 예산의 총액이 2014년부터 2021년까지 꾸준히 증가하는 추이를 보이고 있었다. 지자체별 투입 예산을 보면, 약 7년간 총 37.4억 원이 투입되었다. 지자체별로 차이는 있으나, 대구시에서 가장 많은 7.59억 원이 투입되었고, 이어서 경남, 충북 순이었다. 반면, 외래양서파충류와 관련된 예산이 전혀 투입되지 않았던 지자체도 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 현재 국내에서 외래양서파충류 관리를 위해 투입되는 예산 규모가 어느 정도 인지 그리고 증가하는 추세가 있음을 파악할 수 있었다.

국내 야생에서 발견되는 외래거북류의 분포 특성 - 강원도와 경상남도 지역을 중심으로 -

구교성,권세라,도민석,김수환,Koo, Kyo Soung,Kwon, Sera,Do, Min Seock,Kim, Suhwan 한국하천호수학회 2017 생태와 환경 Vol.50 No.3

Development of transportation is rapidly reducing the barriers between countries, but this is causing the easier migration of species than the past. Typically, exotic species are imported for the purpose of food, leather, and pets. However, it has been introduced into the wild through artificially or naturally paths, and recently they are become a main cause of ecosystem disturbance. In this study, we investigated exotic turtle species introduced into the wild and analyzed their distribution characteristics. As a result of filed surveys, totally 4 genus 8 species 62 individuals of exotic turtles were found from 126 reservoirs in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. In particular, Trachemys scripta elegans showed relatively high frequency than other turtle species and the natural reproduction of T. s. elegans was confirmed in some areas. On the other hand, the frequency of discovery of exotic turtles except T. s. elegans was relatively low, and the range of the areas was limited. Especially, exotic turtles except T. s. elegans were mainly found in public places such as reservoirs in the park. As a result of analyzing the distribution characteristics of exotic turtles using geographic information system, the turtles' distribution showed a high correlation with the artificial factor such as "urban". In this study, we identified the distribution characteristics of exotic turtles in the Korean wild, and these results will be important data for understanding status the and establishing effective management methods for exotic species. 교통수단의 발달은 국가 간의 장벽을 빠르게 낮추고 있지만 이는 과거보다 쉬운 생물종 이동의 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 특히 수 많은 종류의 외래생물들이 식량과 가죽, 애완 등의 목적으로 수입되고 있으며, 인위적 혹은 자연적으로 야생에 유입되어 생태계 교란의 주범이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 외래생물종인 붉은귀거북을 비롯한 외래거북을 대상으로 국내 생태계로의 유입현황을 파악하고, 이들의 분포 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 강원도와 경상남도 지역에 위치한 총 126개의 저수지를 조사한 결과, 총 4속 8종 62개체의 외래거북들이 발견되었다. 그중 붉은귀거북의 발견 빈도가 상대적으로 높았으며, 일부 지역에서는 붉은귀거북의 자연 번식도 이루어지고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면, 붉은귀거북을 제외한 다른 외래거북들의 발견 빈도는 비교적 낮았으며, 발견되는 지역의 범위는 제한적이었다. 특히 외래거북들은 공원 내 저수지와 같은 일반인의 접근이 비교적 높은 곳에서 주로 발견되었다. 지리정보시스템을 이용한 외래거북의 분포 특성을 분석한 결과, 외래거북의 발견은 시가지라는 인위적인 요소와 높은 연관성을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 생태계에 유입되어 있는 외래거북류의 현황 파악과 동시에 이들을 효과적으로 관리하기 위한 방안을 수립의 중요한 근거가 될 것이다.

입찰단계 수급자 평가를 위한 안전경영지수 개발

지성민,구교진,현창택,Ji, Soung-Min,Koo, Kyo-Jin,Hyun, Chang-Taek 한국건설관리학회 2011 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.6

안전한 현장을 구축하기 위한 수급자의 노력에도 불구하고 건설업은 여전히 위험한 산업으로 인식되고 있다. 특히, 여러 항목 중에서도 노무자의 재해율은 건설현장에서 중대하게 고려되는 관리대상이다. 따라서 현재까지 진행된 건설 분야 안전에 관한 연구는 건설현장의 안전관리수준 개선에 초점을 두고 있으며, 과정보다는 결과를 평가하는 방식의 개발에 집중되었다. 그러나, 재해율을 낮추기 위한 수급자의 적극적인 노력을 이끌어내기 위해서는 입찰단계에서부터 재해율과 함께 안전관리수준이 평가되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 현장의 사고결과만을 평가하는 기존의 안전관리평가의 한계점을 극복하고 수급자의 자발적인 재해예방 활동을 강화하기 위하여, 안전관리수준을 평가하는 체크리스트와 입찰단계에서 재해율과 재해예방노력을 동시에 평가할 수 있는 안전경영지수를 제안하였다. 개발된 안전경영지수를 활용하여 재해율과 안전관리수준을 동시에 평가할 수 있었으며, 지수의 효용성을 검증하기 위해서 32개의 수급자를 대상으로 실시되었던 입찰참가자격사전심사(Prequalification, 이하 PQ) 프로세스에 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 수급자의 점수가 세분화 되고, 순위가 변경되는 등 PQ 결과에 있어서 변별력이 발생하였다. 개발된 안전경영지수를 입찰단계 평가에 적용한다면, 수급자는 사고 예방을 위해서 더욱 노력할 것이며, 발주자는 입찰단계에서 변별력있는 평가항목으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. The construction industry is still the most risky industry and labor accident is a significant management factor on construction site. Safety management has been studied for improving the safety performance on construction sites. However, Almost all of them have been considered on the site safety management for the contractors and evaluation of accident rate. To resolve the limitation of current research, this study is focused on considering accident result and effort by performing the evaluation of safety level of the head office and site in construction companies. By studying the research about a safety management and interviewing with specialists in safety management, 7 items were selected and weighted based on the KOSHA18001 List. Consequently, The checklist was developed to evaluate safety performance management in construction company and Safety Management Index was suggested to coordinate 1) the score of results in accident rate and 2) the effort to evaluate a safety performance management. Safety Management Index is more helpful to evaluate the safety management results and effort. As a result of considering the score of the accident rate and the safety performance management, the outcome of prequalification was changed. Using this index, contractors will attempt to prevent accidents and owners will be able to discriminate individual differences in bidding process.

The List of Amphibian Species in 66 Islands in Korea

Min-Ho Chang,Kyo-Soung Koo,Jae-Young Song 한국양서·파충류학회 2011 한국양서·파충류학회지 Vol.3 No.1