Numerical modeling of internal waves within a coupled analysis framework and their influence on spar platforms

Kurup, Nishu V.,Shi, Shan,Jiang, Lei,Kim, M.H. Techno-Press 2015 Ocean systems engineering Vol.5 No.4

Internal solitary waves occur due to density stratification and are nonlinear in nature. These waves have been observed in many parts of the world including the South China Sea, Andaman Sea and Sulu Sea. Their effect on floating systems has been an emerging field of interest and recent offshore developments in the South China Sea where several offshore oil and gas discoveries are located have confirmed adverse effects including large platform motions and riser system damage. A valid numerical model conforming to the physics of internal waves is implemented in this paper and the effect on a spar platform is studied. The physics of internal waves is modeled by the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, which has a general solution involving Jacobian elliptical functions. The effects of vertical density stratification are captured by solving the Taylor Goldstein equation. Fully coupled time domain analyses are conducted to estimate the effect of internal waves on a typical truss spar, which is configured to South China Sea development requirements and environmental conditions. The hull, moorings and risers are considered as an integrated system and the platform global motions are analyzed. The study could be useful for future guidance and development of offshore systems in the South China Sea and other areas where the internal wave phenomenon is prominent.

Design and application of a smart nanodevice by combining cationic drug delivery and hyperthermia for cancer apoptosis

Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, Arathyram,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for b Vol.4 No.4

<P>Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles have gained ample attention in the field of nanomedicine in recent years. Here, novel superparamagnetic core-shell manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFNP)-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSMFNPs) loaded with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) for the combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy were developed and tested <I>in vitro</I>. Our results indicate that DOX-MSMFNPs achieved a favorable hyperthermic response in an alternating magnetic field in addition to cancer cell-specific cationic DOX release due to the cleavage of amide bonds under acidic pH, and synergistically contributed towards an enhanced tumoricidal effect.</P>

Hexa-functional tumour-seeking nano voyagers and annihilators for synergistic cancer theranostic applications

Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, Arathyram,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Thomas, Reju George,Batgerel, Tumurbaatar,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.41

<P>In order to meet the unmet medical needs for effective cancer treatment, multifunctional nanocarriers based on iron oxide nanoparticles hold tremendous promise. Here we report a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles based hexa-functional nanosystem for synergistic cancer theranostic applications by offering active tumour targeting, accumulation and complementary imaging capability by combining magnetic resonance imaging as well as near-infrared fluorescence, magnetophotothermia and chemotherapy. The uniquely designed nanosystem exhibited a paramount increase in the antitumour efficacy through the simultaneous application of multiple thermal effects called magnetophotothermia, which outweighed the therapeutic efficacy of the current thermo-chemo therapies or stand-alone therapies. The active tumour-seeking property with prolonged tumour accumulation and complementary imaging capability with improved sensitivity and resolution also augments the therapeutic efficacy of the proposed nanosystem. Additionally, the work proposes a deep-learning-based tumour cell nuclei detection technique from H&E stained images in anticipation of providing much inspiration for the future of precision histology.</P>

An implantable smart magnetic nanofiber device for endoscopic hyperthermia treatment and tumor-triggered controlled drug release

Sasikala, Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Yun, Yeo-Heung,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang Elsevier 2016 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.31 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study describes the design and synthesis of an implantable smart magnetic nanofiber device for endoscopic hyperthermia treatment and tumor-triggered controlled drug release. This device is achieved using a two-component smart nanofiber matrix from monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as well as bortezomib (BTZ), a chemotherapeutic drug. The IONP-incorporated nanofiber matrix was developed by electrospinning a biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer, poly (<SMALL>D</SMALL>,<SMALL>L</SMALL>-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and tumor-triggered anticancer drug delivery is realized by exploiting mussel-inspired surface functionalization using 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) to conjugate the borate-containing BTZ anticancer drug through a catechol metal binding in a pH-sensitive manner. Thus, an implantable smart magnetic nanofiber device can be exploited to both apply hyperthermia with an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and to achieve cancer cell-specific drug release to enable synergistic cancer therapy. These results confirm that the BTZ-loaded mussel-inspired magnetic nanofiber matrix (BTZ-MMNF) is highly beneficial not only due to the higher therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity towards normal cells but also, as a result of the availability of magnetic nanoparticles for repeated hyperthermia application and tumor-triggered controlled drug release.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>The current work report on the design and development of a smart nanoplatform responsive to a magnetic field to administer both hyperthermia and pH-dependent anticancer drug release for the synergistic anticancer treatment. The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) incorporated nanofiber matrix was developed by electrospinning a biocompatible polymer, poly (<SMALL>D</SMALL>,<SMALL>L</SMALL>-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and tumor-triggered anticancer drug delivery is realized by surface functionalization using 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) to conjugate the boratecontaining anticancer drug bortezomib through a catechol metal binding in a pH-sensitive manner. This implantable magnetic nanofiber device can be exploited to apply hyperthermia with an alternating magnetic field and to achieve cancer cell-specific drug release to enable synergistic cancer therapy, which results in an improvement in both quality of life and patient compliance.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A smart magnetic nanoplatform for synergistic anticancer therapy: manoeuvring mussel-inspired functional magnetic nanoparticles for pH responsive anticancer drug delivery and hyperthermia.

Sasikala, Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup,GhavamiNejad, Amin,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Thomas, Reju George,Moon, Myeongju,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang RSC Pub 2015 Nanoscale Vol.7 No.43

<P>We report the versatile design of a smart nanoplatform for thermo-chemotherapy treatment of cancer. For the first time in the literature, our design takes advantage of the outstanding properties of mussel-inspired multiple catecholic groups -presenting a unique copolymer poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylateco-dopamine methacrylamide) p(HEMA-co-DMA) to surface functionalize the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as well as to conjugate borate containing anticancer drug bortezomib (BTZ) in a pH-dependent manner for the synergistic anticancer treatment. The unique multiple anchoring groups can be used to substantially improve the affinity of the ligands to the surfaces of the nanoparticles to form ultrastable iron oxide nanoparticles with control over their hydrodynamic diameter and interfacial chemistry. Thus the BTZ-incorporated-bio-inspired-smart magnetic nanoplatform will act as a hyperthermic agent that delivers heat when an alternating magnetic field is applied while the BTZ-bound catechol moieties act as chemotherapeutic agents in a cancer environment by providing pH-dependent drug release for the synergistic thermo-chemotherapy application. The anticancer efficacy of these bio-inspired multifunctional smart magnetic nanoparticles was tested both in vitro and in vivo and found that these unique magnetic nanoplatforms can be established to endow for the next generation of nanomedicine for efficient and safe cancer therapy.</P>

A study of internal wave influence on OTEC systems

Shi, Shan,Kurup, Nishu V.,Halkyard, John,Jiang, Lei Techno-Press 2013 Ocean systems engineering Vol.3 No.4

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems utilize the temperature difference between the surface water and deep ocean water to generate electrical energy. In addition to ocean surface waves, wind and current, in certain locations like the Andaman Sea, Sulu Sea and the South China Sea the presence of strong internal waves may become a concern in floating OTEC system design. The current paper focuses on studying the dependence of the CWP hydrodynamic drag on relative velocity of the flow around the pipe, the effect of drag amplification due to vortex induced vibrations and the influence of internal waves on the floating semi and the cold water pipe integrated OTEC system. Two CWP sizes are modeled; the 4m diameter pipe represents a small scale prototype and the 10m diameter pipe represents a full commercial size CWP. are considered in the study.

A unique scaffold for bone tissue engineering: An osteogenic combination of graphene oxide-hyaluronic acid-chitosan with simvastatin

Rajan Unnithan, A.,Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, A.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.46 No.-

<P>The present study explores the first ever fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)Chitosan (CS)Hyaluronic acid (HA) based bioactive composite scaffold containing an osteogenesis-inducing drug simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue engineering application. Porosity, density, swelling, degradation and biomineralization studies favored the SV loaded GOCSHA scaffold in comparison to the conventional CS and HA based scaffolds. The in vitro results showed that the SV also offers a significant influence on osteogenesis and biomineralization and it possess excellent biocompatibility to be used as a bone tissue engineering scaffold, which is able to persuade osteogenesis and mineralization. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.</P>

A unique scaffold for bone tissue engineering: An osteogenic combination of graphene oxide–hyaluronic acid–chitosan with simvastatin

라잔 우니탄 아페,Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala,박찬희,김철생 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.46 No.-

The present study explores thefirst ever fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)–Chitosan (CS)–Hyaluronicacid (HA) based bioactive composite scaffold containing an osteogenesis-inducing drug simvastatin (SV)for bone tissue engineering application. Porosity, density, swelling, degradation and biomineralizationstudies favored the SV loaded GO–CS–HA scaffold in comparison to the conventional CS and HA basedscaffolds. The in vitro results showed that the SV also offers a significant influence on osteogenesis andbiomineralization and it possess excellent biocompatibility to be used as a bone tissue engineeringscaffold, which is able to persuade osteogenesis and mineralization.

Mussel-Inspired Electrospun Nanofibers Functionalized with Size-Controlled Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing Application

GhavamiNejad, Amin,Rajan Unnithan, Afeesh,Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, Arathyram,Samarikhalaj, Melisa,Thomas, Reju George,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Nasseri, Saeed,Murugesan, Priya,Wu, Dongmei,Hee Park, Chan,Kim American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.22

<P>Electrospun nanofibers that contain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a strong antibacterial activity that is beneficial to wound healing. However, most of the literature available on the bactericidal effects of this material is based on the use of AgNPs with uncontrolled size, shape, surface properties, and degree of aggregation. In this study, we report the first versatile synthesis of novel catechol moieties presenting electrospun nanofibers functionalized with AgNPs through catechol redox chemistry. The synthetic strategy allows control of the size and amount of AgNPs on the surface of nanofibers with the minimum degree of aggregation. We also evaluated the rate of release of the AgNPs, the biocompatibility of the nanofibers, the antibacterial activity in vitro, and the wound healing capacity in vivo. Our results suggest that these silver-releasing nanofibers have great potential for use in wound healing applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-22/acsami.5b02542/production/images/medium/am-2015-02542w_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b02542'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Electrospun zwitterionic nanofibers with in situ decelerated epithelialization property for non-adherent and easy removable wound dressing application

Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Ghavami Nejad, Amin,Sasikala, Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup,Thomas, Reju George,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Murugesan, Priya,Nasseri, Saeed,Wu, Dongmei,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang Elsevier 2016 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.287 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Wound care management is a serious issue among the medical practitioners due to its varying complexity and various materials were tested for fast relief and easy removal. In this regard zwitterionic polymer based wound dressing membranes are the key point of attraction. Here we prepared a novel zwitterionic poly (carboxybetaine-co-methyl methacrylate) (CBMA) copolymer based nanomembranes using the electrospinning technique for the wound dressing application. The study takes advantage of the outstanding chemical properties of zwitterionic CBMA and the morphological efficiency of nanomembranes. The cell attachment studies proved the cell inert nature of thus prepared membranes. Such non cell adherent wound dressing membranes can be applied as the easy removable, no-pain wound dressing bandages. Our results clearly showed that the excellent blood-inert nature can be achieved by the CBMA nanofiber membranes. Therefore, there will be less chance of attaching blood clot with the wound dressing membrane and is extremely significant for the care of patients with large areas of chronic wounds. Additionally the in vivo results showed the formation of new tissues within two weeks, evidence of a complete wound healing material. So our CBMA membrane can be successfully used as a perfect wound dressing material with minimum cosmetic scar.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Non cell adherent wound dressing membranes. </LI> <LI> Easy removable, no-pain wound dressing bandages. </LI> <LI> Blood inert wound dressing membrane, suitable for large areas of chronic wounds. </LI> <LI> Resist microbial biofilm formation and hence provides minimum chance of infection. </LI> <LI> Minimum cosmetic scar due to less cell adsorption on wound dressing membrane. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>