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Kim Sinae,Nguyen Tam T.,Taitt Afeisha S.,전현정,Park Ho-Young,Kim Sung-Han,Kim Yong-Gil,Song Eun Young,Lee Youngmin,Yum Hokee,Shin Kyeong-Cheol,Choi Yang Kyu,송창선,Yeom Su Cheong,Kim Byoungguk,Netea Mihai 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.6
Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.1.529) Omicron variant originated from South Africa in the middle of November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 is also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Several studies already suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant would be the fastest transmissible variant compared to the previous 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, interest, and alert. Few clinical studies reported the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant but there is insufficient time to perform actual experiments to prove it, since the spread is so fast. We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which revealed a very high rate of mutation at amino acid residues that interact with angiostatin-converting enzyme 2. The mutation rate of COVID-19 is faster than what we prepared vaccine program, antibody therapy, lockdown, and quarantine against COVID-19 so far. Thus, it is necessary to find better strategies to overcome the current crisis of COVID-19 pandemic.
Seon-Hyoung Kim,Young-Beom Gil,Dae-Yeon Kim,Hee-Tae Cheong,Jong-Young Choi,Seung-hyung Lee,Jong-Jae Lee,Chang-Six Ra,Woan-Sub Kim,Bae Dong Jung 한국예방수의학회 2020 예방수의학회지 Vol.44 No.1
To evaluate alterations in fecal bacterial compositions in weaning piglets after supplementation with Phellodendron Cortex extract (PCE), piglets were allowed freely to consume feed containing 10 ppm of PCE for 7 weeks. During the feeding period, fecal samples were collected from individual piglets. A total of 578 valid sequence reads were generated from 40 fecal samples of normal piglets before supplementation with PCE. Fifteen classes were identified. Approximately 90% of classifiable sequences belonged to Clostridia and Bacilli classes. The abundance of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. was determined based on the results of the sequencing. The supplementation with 10 ppm PCE for 3 weeks increased the numbers of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. whereas seven weeks of supplementation with PCE reduced their abundance. In vitro, PCE inhibited the growth of E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis in a dose-dependent manner.
김호상(Ho Sang Kim),김창길(Chang Gil Kim),김이청(Yi Cheong Kim),김종렬(Jong Ryeol Kim) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2010 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.4
Artificial reefs are widely used as important means of fishing ground creation for not only commercial fishing but also recreational fishing. The evaluation of artificial reef in this study was made based upon three steps, estimation of effective bulk void volume, catch analysis per unit reef volume and biomass estimation of attachment organisms on the reef. This method can be applied to both the evaluation for post-deployment management of the exist artificial reefs and for the preservation of fisheries resource at the artificial reef fishing grounds.
Kim, Cheong,Habazaki, Hiroki,Park, Soo Gil The Korean Electrochemical Society 2016 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.7 No.3
In this study, we studied the enhancement of the energy densities of electrochemical capacitors by improving the working voltage range of the electrolyte. To prevent the decomposition of the electrolyte, stable SEI layers were formed by reductive degradation of additive materials such as fluoro-ethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) before degradation of the base electrolyte. As a result, the solution resistance (R<sub>s</sub>) of EC:DMC + SL 20 % + VEC 1 % electrolytes observed 1.47 Ω and the charge transfer resistance (R<sub>ct)</sub> was 2.64 Ω at the open circuit voltage. Additionally, a cycle retention of 94 % was observed for EC:DMC + SL 20 % + VEC 1 % after 500 cycles at 3.5 V.
Highly flexible transparent thin film heaters based on silver nanowires and aluminum zinc oxides
Cheong, Hahn-Gil,Kim, Jin-Hoon,Song, Jun-Hyuk,Jeong, Unyong,Park, Jin-Woo Elsevier 2015 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.589 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we developed highly flexible transparent film heaters (f-TFHs) composed of Ag nanowire networks (AgNWs) and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). Uniform AgNWs were roll-to-roll coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using the Mayer rod method, and AZO was sputter-deposited atop the AgNWs at room temperature. The sheet resistance (<I>R</I> <SUB>s</SUB>) and transparency (<I>T</I> <SUB>opt</SUB>) of the AZO-coated AgNWs changed only slightly compared with the uncoated AgNWs. AZO is thermally less conductive than the heat pipes, but increases the thermal efficiency of the heaters blocking the heat convection through the air. Based on Joule heating, a higher average film temperature (<I>T</I> <SUB>ave</SUB>) is attained at a fixed electric potential drop between electrodes (<I>ϕ</I>) as the <I>R</I> <SUB>s</SUB> of the film decreases. Our experimental results revealed that <I>T</I> <SUB>ave</SUB> of the hybrid f-TFH is higher than AgNWs when the ratio of the area coverage of AgNWs to AZO is over a certain value. When a <I>ϕ</I> as low as 3V/cm was applied to 5cm×5cm f-TFHs, the maximum temperature of the hybrid film was over 100°C, which is greater than that of AgNWs by more than 30°C. Furthermore, uniform heating throughout the surfaces is achieved in the hybrid films while heating begins in small areas where densities of the nanowires (NWs) are the highest in the bare network. The non-uniform heating decreases the lifetime of f-TFHs by forming hot spots. Cyclic bending test results indicated that the hybrid films were as flexible as the AgNWs, and the <I>R</I> <SUB>s</SUB> of the hybrid films changes only slightly until 5000cycles. Combined with the high-throughput coating technology presented here, the hybrid films will provide a robust and scalable strategy for large-area f-TFHs with highly enhanced performance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed highly efficient flexible thin film heaters based on Ag nanowires and AZO composites. </LI> <LI> In the composite, AZO plays an important role as an insulation blanket to block heat loss to air. </LI> <LI> The composite heats to higher temperatures at lower voltages than heaters with CNT and graphene. </LI> <LI> Using roll-to-roll method, highly uniform, large area composite film heater can be fabricated. </LI> </UL> </P>