Evaluation of analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of Ophiorrhiza nicobarica, anethnomedicine from Nicobar Islands, India

Debprasad Chattopadhyay,Sonali Das,Asit Baran Mandal,,G Arunachalam,S K Bhattacharya 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2007 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.7 No.4

This study reports the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing property of alcoholic extract of Ophiorrhiza nicobarica (ON), a wild herb, used as an anti-infective ethnomedicine of Nicobarese and Shompen tribes of Great Nicobar Island, India. We for the first time investigated the analgesic and antiinflammatory potential of this herb in acute, subacute and chronic model of inflammation in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats, along with sheep RBC-induced sensitivity and membrane stabilization. The acetic acid induced writhing, tail flick and tail immersion tests are used as a model for evaluating analgesic activity; while the carrageenin-induced paw oedema was used as the model for acute inflammation, dextran-induced oedema as sub-acute and cotton-pellateinduced granuloma as chronic inflammatory model. The probable mode by which ON mediate its effect on inflammatory conditions was studied on sheep RBC-induced sensitivity and membrane stabilization. The in vitro results revealed that the ON extract possesses significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent analgesic and antiinflammatory activity at 200 and 300 mg/kg and its fractions at 50 mg/ kg, p.o. respectively, compared to the control groups. However, the extract failed to exhibit membrane-stabilizing property as it unable to reduce the level of haemolysis of RBC exposed to hypotonic solution. The acute toxicity studies of ON extract in rats and mice revealed that the extract was nontoxic even up to 3.0 g/kg body weight of the animals, with a high safety profile. We have isolated ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and harmaline respectively, from the bioactive part of the extract. The results indicated that the O. nicobarica is indeed beneficial in primary health care, and suggest that its anti-inflammatory activity may not be related to membrane-stabilization.

Effect of Different Dietary n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acid Ratios on the Performance and Fatty Acid Composition in Muscles of Broiler Chickens

Mandal, G.P.,Ghosh, T.K.,Patra, A.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.11

The objective of this study was to investigate the different dietary ratios of n-6 to n-3 (n-6/n-3) fatty acid (FA) on performance and n-6/n-3 FA in muscles of broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments of 10 replicates in each (10 birds/replicate). Birds were fed on a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 1% oil during starter (day 1 to 21) and 2% oil during finisher (day 22 to 39) phases, respectively. Treatments of high, medium and low dietary n-6/n-3 FA were formulated by replacing rice bran oil with linseed oil to achieve n-6/n-3 FA close to >20:1, 10:1 and 5:1, respectively. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) among the treatments. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments. In breast, concentration of C18:3n-3 was significantly greater (p = 0.001) for medium and low vs high n-6/n-3 FA, while concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, total n-3 FA, and n-6/n-3 FA were significantly higher for low vs medium, and medium vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA. In contrast, concentrations of C18:2 and mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) were lower for low vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA. In thigh muscles, concentrations of C20:5n-3 were higher (p<0.05) for medium and low vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA, and concentrations of C18:3n-3, C22:6, and n-3 FA were greater (p<0.05) for medium vs high, low vs medium dietary n-6/n-3 FA. However, concentrations of C18:1, MUFA, n-6/n-3 were lower (p<0.05) for low and medium vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA. In conclusion, lowering the dietary n-6/n-3 FA did not affect the performance of chickens, but enhanced beneficial long-chain n-3 FA and decreased n-6/n-3 FA in chicken breast and thigh, which could be advantageous for obtaining healthy chicken products.

Diversity Assessment of Bachaur Cattle from India: A Draft Breed Still Relevant in Mechanized Era

Rekha Sharma,A. K. Pandey,S. C. P. Singh,Y. Singh,B. P. Mishra,S. R. Singh,K. G. Mandal,P. K. Singh,G. Singh,S. P. S. Ahlawat 한국유전학회 2007 Genes & Genomics Vol.29 No.3

Genetic diversity of Bachaur cattle- a draft breed of India bordering Nepal, was investigated by utilizing microsatellite markers. Forty seven random animals of the breed were typed with a set of 23 microsatellites proposed by the FAO for the biodiversities studies. All the microsatellites amplified well and exhibited polymorphism. The observed number of alleles (No) per locus varied from 3 (ILSTS011) to 13 (ILSTS034) with the mean number of alleles 6.30 ± 2.16. Our results showed that this draft breed which is still relevant in its breeding tract due to socio-economic conditions possesses sufficient genetic variability as demonstrated by the values for the expected and observed mean heterozygosity (0.694 and 0.534, respectively). Twelve microsa.tellite loci are in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and FIS shows higher value (0.228), suggesting heterozygote deficiency in the population. The results reflect the need for a conservation plan for this breed.

A Novel Approach for Accurate Assessment of Design Wind Speed for Variable Wind Climate

G. K. Gugliani,A. Sarkar,S. Bhadani,S. Mandal 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.2

For a widely varied wind climate in India, a single type of Extreme Value Distribution (EVD) is not suitable to fit wind speed data for all geographical locations and climatic conditions. This may lead to the inappropriate estimation of the design wind speed (Vd). In this study, a new approach, combining the merits of both the block maxima and the peaks over threshold approaches, has been used to determine the Vd. The hourly mean wind speed data of three stations, viz., Trivandrum, Bombay and Calcutta have been classified into block of months of the years 1973−2005, 1969−2007, and 1969−1994 respectively. The extreme peaks over the appropriate threshold value have been fitted into the generalized EVD (type-I, II and II). The results indicate that Fréchet distribution is the most suitable distribution for all three stations. March has the highest Vd for Trivandrum, whereas, for both Bombay and Calcutta it is September. Bombay shows highest overestimation of the Vd as given in Indian code of standard, whereas, for Trivandrum, and Calcutta these deviations have been found to be comparatively less. The five plotting position formulae have also been compared based on two goodness of fit tests, viz., R2, and RMSE.

Profiling ethanol-targeted transcription factors in human carcinoma cell-derived embryoid bodies

Mandal, C.,Halder, D.,Chai, J.C.,Lee, Y.S.,Jung, K.H.,Chai, Y.G. Elsevier/North-Holland 2016 Gene Vol.576 No.1

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a collective term that represents fetal abnormalities associated with maternal alcohol consumption. Prenatal alcohol exposure and related anomalies are well characterized, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet understood. Few insights have been gained from genetic and epigenetic studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Our aim was to profile the important molecular regulators of ethanol-related alterations of the genome. For this purpose, we have analyzed the gene expression pattern of human carcinoma cell-derived embryoid bodies in the absence or presence of ethanol. A cDNA microarray analysis was used to profile mRNA expression in embryoid bodies at day 7 with or without ethanol treatment. A total of 493 differentially expressed genes were identified in response to 50mM ethanol exposure. Of these, 111 genes were up-regulated, and 382 were down-regulated. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis revealed that these genes are involved in important biological processes: neurological system processes, cognition, behavior, sensory perception of smell, taste and chemical stimuli and synaptic transmission. Similarly, the enrichment of disease-related genes included relevant categories such as neurological diseases, developmental disorders, skeletal and muscular disorders, and connective tissue disorders. Furthermore, we have identified a group of 26 genes that encode transcription factors. We validated the relative gene expression of several transcription factors using quantitative real time PCR. We hope that our study substantially contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of alcohol-mediated anomalies and facilitates further research.

Knocking down of UTX in NCCIT cells enhance cell attachment and promote early neuronal cell differentiation

Mandal, C.,Jung, K. H.,Kang, S. C.,Choi, M. R.,Park, K. S.,Chung, I. Y.,Chai, Y. G. Korean BioChip Society 2015 BioChip Journal Vol.9 No.3

Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of Alstonia macrophylla and Mallotus peltatus leaf extracts: Two popular ethnomedicines of Onge, a Negrito tribe of little Andaman

Chattopadhyay, Debprasad,Arunachalam, G.,Sur, T.K.,Bhattacharya, S.K.,Mandal, Asit B. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2005 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.5 No.2

Two popular ethnomedicines of the Onge, a Negrito tribe of Andaman Islands, were evaluated for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. The methanol extract as well as the different fractions of methanol extract of both Alstonia macrophylla and Mallotus peltatus leaves were studied using Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. Acetic acid induced writhing, Tail flick and Tail immersion; Carrageenin- and Dextran-induced paw oedema tests were used. Dose-dependent analgesic and antiinflammatory activity were demonstrated for both methanol leaf extracts as well as fractions. Results were highly comparable with that of the standard drug pethidine.