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南延杰 단국대학교 교육대학원 1993 敎育論叢 Vol.9 No.-
One of the most core questions confronted perpetually with teachers both in practice and in theory is that how we has to teach. "How do we teach what we has to teach?" is not a simple question, but a mixed question asking such answers as concept, contents, method, and norms of teaching. In this short paper the writer attempted to analyze the only concept of teaching in terms of conceptual analysis. To clarify the concept of teaching, the analysis begins with focusing not upon teaching itself, but focusing upon the likenesses and differences between the different modes of teaching : indoctrinating, conditioning, training, and instructing. The construct of teaching includes these cocepts, and a conceptual map of teaching developed by Thomas Green is used as methodolgical tool in this paper. In the second of this paper the characteristicts of teaching activity is analyzed in terms of intention to achieve learning and professional activity of teachers differentiating from activity of other persons. In the next, the contents of teaching is considered somewhat deeply, especially compared with the concept and activity of indoctrination. The criteria distinguishing teaching from indoctrination are discussed from the viewpoints of Green, Atinson, Hare, Whith, and Snook. Finally, methodology and internal conditions of teaching are analyzed in terms of teaching as task word by Ryle, and according to Kneller, continuity, intentional practicalization, and concept formation as coditions of teaching are considerd.
濕式法에 依한 γ-MnO_2 製造에 關한 硏究(第2報) : Purification of Manganes Oxides by Acid Treatment
金鳳杰,姜泰範,韓正洙 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-
Studies on the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and concentration of acid on the purification of manganese oxides was conducted to manufacture γ-MnO₂ available as dry cell depolarizer by wet process. The results obtained were follows: 1.When oxidized the precipitates of OH ̄/Mn^++ mole ratio 2.2 by aeration at 13℃ for 6 hours, MnO₂content obtained 89.99%, which was identified as crystalline γ-MnO₂by X-ray diffraction analysis. 2. When manganese oxides was treated at 70℃ for 2hrs with 30% H₂SO₄and 30% HNO₃, the highest content, of MnO₂was obtained as 96.90% and 96.60%, respectively, which was identified as crystalline γ-MnO₂by X-ray diffraction analysis and different thermal analysis.
( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( Tae Hun Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Oh Sang Kwon ) 대한간학회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.2
Background/Aims: Genotype C is the principal type of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Koreans and is associated with poor prognosis for peginterferon α-2a therapy. The efficacy of and compliance to peginterferon α-2a therapy were investigated in Koreans with hepatitis B in a real clinical setting. Methods: Hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon α-2a from 2008 to 2011 at four university hospitals were consecutively enrolled. Results: Eighty-eight patients were enrolled; 67 were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive. The mean treatment period was 36.1±15.2 weeks. In 26.1% of patients, treatment was discontinued due to insufficient antiviral effects and adverse events. At 24 weeks after treatment, 10/42 (23.8%) HBeAg-positive patients achieved both HBV DNA suppression to <2,000 IU/mL and HBeAg loss/seroconversion. For HBeAg-negative patients, 10/13 (76.9%) achieved HBV DNA suppression to <2,000 IU/mL at 24 weeks after treatment. During the follow-up period, 15 (30.6%) of the 49 patients who achieved HBV DNA suppression to 2,000 IU/mL developed a breakthrough HBV DNA level of >2×106 IU/mL. Conclusions: Peginterferon α-2a therapy in Koreans with hepatitis B in a real clinical setting resulted in a lower virologic response, as compared to Western individuals, but a favorable durability. There is a need to reduce the high rate of premature discontinuation compared to the controlled studies. (Gut Liver 2013;7:197-205)
( Jung Wan Choe ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Seung Hwa Lee ),( Hwan Hoon Chung ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Seung Young Kim ),( Jong Jin Hyun ),( Sung Woo Jung ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ja Seol Koo ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: No single effective method has yet been established for the prophylactic treatment of gastric varices. So, we aimed to compare two prophylactic treatment methods, including EVO and BRTO for gastric varices. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with gastric varices, who had undergone either EVO or BRTO as a prophylactic treatment. The end points were eradication rate of gastric varices and gastric variceal bleeding rate during the follow-up period. Results: Total 84 patients were consisted of 55 patients in EVO group and 29 patients in BRTO group. No difference was observed in the clinical profiles of patients, including age, gender, Child-Pugh score, etiology of liver cirrhosis, and presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, between the EVO and BRTO groups. There was also no difference with respect to endoscopic features of gastric varices including F-component and location. As primary end points, the gastric varices were disappeared partially or completely in 50 patients in EVO group, and 27 patients in BRTO group. (90.9% vs 93.1%, p= 0.542). At the complete eradication rate, there was also no difference between two groups. (49.1% vs 65.5%, p=-0.150) However, 12 patients in EVO group bled from gastric varices after treatment during the median follow-up of 28 months, compared to only one case in BRTO group. (21.8% vs 3.4%, p=0.027) In addition, there were no differences in worsening in the endoscopic classification of esophageal varices or amounts of ascites. All-cause mortalities were similar in both. Conclusions: EVO and BRTO are equally effective for eradication of gastric varices with similar frequencies of complications and mortalities. However, BRTO proved more effective in preventing bleeding from gastric varices in the long run.