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Jovale Vincent Tongco,Sangmin Kim,Baek-Rock Oh,Sun-Yeon Heo,Joonyeob Lee,황석환 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.1
This study aims to improve the hydrolysis and degradation of primary sludge by using wild-type enzymes (protease and lipase) and establishing the optimal enzymatic cocktail ratio. Primary sludge from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Korea (Ulsan, Pohang, and Busan) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Protease and lipase were isolated from enzyme-producing microorganisms cultured from secondary sludge collected at 8 different digester sites in Korea. Primary sludge degradation through enzymatic hydrolysis was monitored by measuring the reduction in the volatile suspended solids (VSS) content of the sludge and enzyme cocktail mix for 72 h at 40oC and pH 7.0. The enzymatic cocktail of Ulsan primary sludge treated with protease to lipase at a ratio of 1:3 was found to be optimal at 33.3% VSS reduction. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were employed to the optimal enzyme cocktail to measure the potential of the hydrolyzed substrate for further degradation (VSS reduction) and bioconversion to biogas using 125 mL serum bottles as anaerobic reactors for 30 days. BMP tests showed that there was an increase in biogas production by 84.1%, methane production by 89.8%, and methane yield by 9.6%. Methane production rate was also increased. The significant VSS concentration reduction and higher biogas and methane yield of the enzyme-treated primary sludge correlate to the fact that the complex polymeric organic materials were degraded leading to efficient utilization by the microorganisms in the anaerobic digestion process.
Jovale Vincent V. Tongco,Evelyn B. Rodriguez,Willie P. Abasolo,문성필,Ramon A. Razal 한국생약학회 2016 Natural Product Sciences Vol.22 No.1
The study is a pioneering effort to determine the mineral, nutritional, and phytochemical composition and phenolic content and to determine the free radical scavenging activity of Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr, a native bamboo species (locally known as “bolo”) in the Philippines. Proximate analysis showed that air-dried G. levis leaves contain 15.8% ash, 22.6% crude protein, 1.2% crude fat, 29.3% crude fiber, and 19.7% total sugar. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in both the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts, while phytosterols were only detected in the ethanolic extract. Folin- Ciocalteu assay determined the total phenolic content in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) to be 85.86 ± 3.71 and 32.32 ± 1.01 mg GAE/100 g dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The total phenolic content in quercetin equivalents (QE) was 74.44 ± 3.11 and 29.43 ± 0.85 mg QE/100g dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The radical scavenging activity of the different solvent fractions containing varying concentrations of the extract was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethyl acetate and 1-butanol fractions were found to have the highest radical scavenging activity. Mineral analysis via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) of the ash of G. levis leaves showed that Si is the major component, followed by K and Mg. These results point to the potential of G. levis leaves as a source of minerals and bioactive compounds with medicinal value.
Lee, Joonyeob,Kim, Eunji,Han, Gyuseong,Tongco, Jovale Vincent,Shin, Seung Gu,Hwang, Seokhwan Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.259 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ten mesophilic full-scale anaerobic digesters treating food wastewater (FW-digesters) or sewage sludge (SL-digesters) were monitored for 1 year to investigate: (1) microbial communities underpinning FW-digesters and SL-digesters, (2) the effects of total ammonia-nitrogen concentration [TAN] and Na<SUP>+</SUP> concentration [Na<SUP>+</SUP>] on variations of these communities. [TAN] and [Na<SUP>+</SUP>] in the digester varied among digesters: 1.7–6.5 g TAN/L and 1.0–3.6 g Na<SUP>+</SUP>/L for the FW-digesters, and 0.1–2.2 g TAN/L and 0.1–1.2 g Na<SUP>+</SUP>/L for the SL-digesters; [TAN] negatively correlated with the process efficiency of the FW-digesters. Microbial communities were less diverse in the FW-digesters than in the SL-digesters. The FW- and SL-digesters formed very distinct microbial community structures; [TAN] and [Na<SUP>+</SUP>] in the digester were the critical factors shaping these structures. Immigrant bacteria from influent sludge significantly influence the bacterial communities of the SL-digesters. <I>Methanoculleus</I> might be tolerant to high ammonia in AD of such organic wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microbes underpinning AD of FW and SL were proposed. </LI> <LI> The FW- and SL-digesters formed very distinct community structures. </LI> <LI> Ammonia and Na<SUP>+</SUP> were significant factors shaping these structures. </LI> <LI> Immigrant bacteria from influent SL was another significant factor. </LI> <LI> <I>Methanoculleus receptaculi</I> was dominant against high TAN. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Eunji,Shin, Seung Gu,Jannat, Md Abu Hanifa,Tongco, Jovale Vincent,Hwang, Seokhwan Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Using organic wastes as an alternative to commercial carbon sources could be beneficial by reducing costs and environmental impacts. In this study, food waste-recycling wastewater (FRW) was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for biological denitrification over a period of seven months in a full-scale sewage wastewater treatment plant. The denitrification performance was stable with a mean nitrate removal efficiency of 97.2%. Propionate was initially the most persistent volatile fatty acid, but was completely utilized after 19days. Eubacteriacea, Saprospiraceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae were the major bacterial families during FRW treatment and were regarded as responsible for hydrolysis (former two) and nitrate removal (latter two) of FRW. These results demonstrate that FRW can be an effective external carbon source; process stabilization was linked to the acclimation and function of bacterial populations to the change of carbon source.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A full-scale WWTP fed with FRW as carbon source achieved desired nitrate removal. </LI> <LI> Propionate was the most persistent VFA initially but was fully utilized after 19days. </LI> <LI> Eubacteriacea and Saprospiraceae were potentially responsible for hydrolysis for FRW. </LI> <LI> Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae putatively played a role in the nitrate removal. </LI> </UL> </P>