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Postprandial Lipemia, Genetics and CHD Risk
Ordovas, Jose M. The Korean Nutrition Society 2003 Nutritional Sciences Vol.6 No.4
New biochemical and genetic markers will be required to be more successful in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Postprandial lipid metabolism has received considerable attention since it was shown that postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are independently involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Multiple genes and environmental factors work in concert to alter these lipid. In this paper, postprandial lipemia, genetic variation and cardiovascular risk will be reviewed.
Jang, Yangsoo,Lee, Jong Ho,Chae, Jey Sook,Kim, Oh Yoen,Koh, Soo Jeong,Kim, Ji Young,Cho, Hongkeun,Lee, Jong Eun,Ordovas, Jose M Oxford University Press 2005 The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol.82 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: The adiponectin gene is known to modulate adiponectin concentrations and diabetes mellitus development. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether adiponectin gene variants contribute to circulating adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), or cardiovascular disease risk factors. DESIGN: Nondiabetic subjects [n = 902; x +/- SE age: 42.5 +/- 0.53 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 24.7 +/- 0.11] were genotyped for 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 45T-->G and 276G-->T. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, subjects with the G allele for the SNP 276 had significantly higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and small dense LDL (sdLDL) and smaller LDL particle size than did T/T subjects. G/G subjects at SNP 276 had significantly lower plasma adiponectin and higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of IR and urinary prostaglandin F2alpha than did T/T subjects. In the SNP 45-276 haplotype test, we also observed that subjects with the X/X haplotype had significantly higher plasma adiponectin after adjustment than did TG/TG or TG/X haplotype subjects. In the highest BMI group (BMI > or = 26), T/T subjects had lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.011) and higher plasma adiponectin (P = 0.026) at SNP 276 than did G/G or G/T subjects. These patterns were also seen for adiponectin in haplotype groups. However, no significant genotype effect for SNP 45T-->G was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The 276G-->T polymorphism of the adiponectin gene modulates circulating adiponectin and IR, particularly in obese states. G allele carriers also have higher oxidative stress, higher sdLDL concentrations, and smaller LDL particle size. Therefore, the presence of the G allele in the adiponectin gene at SNP 276 could be a significant contributor to higher cardiovascular disease risk in Koreans, independent of common environmental factors.</P>
Koh, Soo Jeong,Jang, Yangsoo,Hyun, Yae Jung,Park, Ju Yeon,Song, Young Duk,Shin, Kyung-Kyun,Chae, Jey Sook,Kim, Byung-Keuk,Ordovas, Jose M.,Lee, Jong Ho Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical endocrinology Vol.70 No.2
<P>Summary</P><P>Objective </P><P>Increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6 (<I>IL</I>-6), are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We investigated the association of <I>IL-6 </I>gene polymorphisms with T2DM and circulating levels of <I>IL</I>-6 in Koreans.</P><P>Subjects </P><P>A total of 1477 subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 476 T2DM patients were included.</P><P>Measurements </P><P>We examined <I>IL-6 –</I>174G→C, –572C→G, –597G→A and –1363G→T promoter region polymorphisms. The main outcome measures were the odds ratio (OR) on T2DM risk and serum concentrations of <I>IL</I>-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).</P><P>Results </P><P>Homozygosity for the rare G allele <I>IL-6 –</I>572C→G was associated with a higher risk of T2DM [OR 1·69 (95%CI 1·11–2·58), <I>P</I> = 0·015]. Serum <I>IL</I>-6 concentrations were associated with the<I> IL-6 –</I>572C→G genotype in control subjects (G/G: 2·33 ± 0·41: C/G: 1·53 ± 0·09: C/C: 1·72 ± 0·08 ng/l, <I>P</I> = 0·023). Also in the control group, subjects homozygous for the rare G allele showed significantly higher concentrations of hs-CRP than C/C and C/G carriers (G/G: 13·6 ± 2·9: C/G: 9·2 ± 0·6: C/C: 7·8 ± 0·4 mg/l, <I>P</I> = 0·003). The C-allele at the <I>IL-6 –</I>174 SNP was very rare (< 0·01) and –597G→A and –1363G→T were monomorphic in this population.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Our data demonstrate that the <I>IL-6 –</I>572G/G genotype is associated with higher serum <I>IL</I>-6 and hs-CRP concentrations and with increased risk for T2DM.</P>