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Effect of Glass Phase on the Defect Formation during the Dissolution of Hydroxyapatite
Youn, Sang Heum,Yang, Z. X.,Hwang, Kyu Hong,Lee, Jong Kook,Yoon, Seog Young Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Key Engineering Materials Vol.342-343 No.-
<P>Particle separations occurred frequently in sintered hydroxyapatite when immersed in distilled water or simulated body fluid. This dissolution initiated at grain boundary creating nano-size defects such as small pores and grew up to micro scale by increasing immersion time. The dissolution, probably due to the appearance of secondary phases in grain boundary, resulted in grain separation at the surfaces and finally in degradation and fracture. And the dissolution concentrated on those grains adjacent to pores rather than those in the dense region. Hydroxyapatite ceramics incorporated with calcium silicate glass were prepared by slip casting to enhance the sinterability as well as to reduce dissolution. Glass phase was incorporated into hydroxyapatite to act as sintering aids followed by crystallization in order to improve the mechanical properties without reducing biocompatibility. From dissolution test, significant damage was reduced even more than 7 days and the dissolution pattern somewhat changed than pure hydroxyapatite. X-ray diffraction and SEM showed no decomposition of secondary phases in grain boundary and fracture toughness somewhat increased.</P>
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Changes of Blood Glucose Insulin, Lipid in NIDDM Patients
Sung, Hye Ryen,Hwang, Ji In,Ro, Soon Duck,Youn, Mi Suk,Kim, Eun Hee,Jung, Jung Hwa,Gong, Byong Hak,Chae, Jong Hoon,Park, Cheol Ho,Park, Hyun Tae,Park, Sang Kap 대한스포츠의학회 1998 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.16 No.2
성인병 발병율의 증가원인은 식생활의 서구화에서 오는 영양과잉, 과학의 발달로 인한 낮은 신체활동에서 오는 운동부족과 스트레스의 증가와 같은 환경인자와 흡연, 음주 등을 들 수 있는데 이는 성인병의 예방과 치료를 위해서는 의학적 처치는 물론, 식이요법·운동요법·생활 습관의 개선 등 다각적인 대처가 필요하다. 본 연구는 NIDDM 환자에게 있어 유산소운동이 혈당, 인슐린, 혈청지질에 미치는 효과를 구명하고자 자전거 에르고미터 운동을 8주간, 주 3회, 1회 60분간 실시하였다. 체중은 64.8kg±4.89에서 8주 후 63.5±4.05kg로 1.3kg(2.01%), %fat는 35.4±2.57%에서 30.6±5.36%로 4.8%(13.56%)가 감소하였다. 체전굴은 9.4±5.44cm에서 8주후 9.7±5.63cm로 0.3cm당은 198.3±89.23mg/dl에서 8주 후 113.0±51.53mg/dl로 85.2mg/dl(43.00%), 인슐린은 12.1±3.38μU/ml에서 8주 후 9.8±3.69μU/ml로 2.30μU/ml(19.01%)가 감소하였다. Fructosamine(umol/L)은 339.5±79.70μmol/L에서 8주 후 259.8±54.0μmol/L로 79.75umol/L(23.49%)가 감소하였으며, Glucagon은 252.7±59.73mg/dl에서 287.1±79.16mg/dl로 34.4mg/dl(13.61%)가 증가하였다. T-C 는 0.85%, LDL-C은 0.56% 감소하였으며, HDL-C은 48.0±4.55mg/dl에서 8주 후 49.5±8.70mg/dl으로 1.5mg/dl(3.13%)가 증가하였다. 이상과 같이 HRmax 50^의 지속적이고 규칙적인 유산소 운동은 NIDDM 환자의 체지방량과 혈당을 감소시키고, 인슐린감수성과 HDL-C이 증가하여 당뇨병개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
( Sang Mi Chung ),( Ju Whan Choi ),( Young Seok Lee ),( Jong Hyun Choi ),( Jee Youn Oh ),( Kyung Hoon Min ),( Gyu Young Hur ),( Sung Yong Lee ),( Jae Jeong Shim ),( Kyung Ho Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.82 No.1
Background: Bronchoscopy is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool. However, the clinical use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in adults with acute respiratory failure for diagnostic and invasive procedures has not been well evaluated. We present our experiences of well-tolerated diagnostic bronchoscopy as well as cases of improved saturation in hypoxaemic patients after a therapeutic bronchoscopic procedure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of hypoxaemic patients who had undergone bronchoscopy for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes from October 2015 to February 2017. Results: Ten patients (44-75 years of age) were enrolled. The clinical purposes of bronchoscopy were for diagnosis in seven patients and for intervention in three patients. For the diagnoses, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage in six patients. One patient underwent endobronchial ultrasonography with transbronchial needle aspiration of a lymph node to investigate tumour involvement. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for therapeutic interventions had endobronchial mass or blood clot removal with cryotherapy for bleeding control. The mean saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) of prebronchoscopy in room air was 84.1%. The lowest and highest mean saturation with HFNC during the procedure was 95% and 99.4, respectively. The mean saturation in room air post-bronchoscopy was 87.4%, which was 3.3% higher than the mean room air SpO<sub>2</sub> pre-bronchoscopy. Seven patients with diagnostic bronchoscopy had no hypoxic event. Three patients with interventional bronchoscopy showed improvement in saturation after the procedure. Bronchoscopy was well tolerated in all 10 cases. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of HFNC in hypoxaemic patients during diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy procedures has clinical effectiveness.
A Case of IgG4-Related Disease Presenting as Massive Pleural Effusion and Thrombophlebitis
( Jong Hyun Choi ),( Jae Kyeom Sim ),( Jee Youn Oh ),( Eun Joo Lee ),( Gyu Young Hur ),( Seung Heon Lee ),( Sung Yong Lee ),( Je Hyeong Kim ),( Sang Yeub Lee ),( Chol Shin ),( Jae Jeong Shim ),( Kwang 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.4
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease is a recently recognized systemic fibroinflammatory condition characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells with elevated circulating levels of IgG4. The disease can either be localized to one or two organs, or present as diffuse multi-organ disease. Furthermore, lesions in different organs can present simultaneously or metachronously. In the pulmonary manefestations, lesions associated with IgG4-related disease have been described in the lung parenchyma, airways and pleura, as well as the mediastinum. We report a case of IgG4-related disease presenting as massive pleural effusion and thrombophlebitis.
Dissolution of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Grain Boundary by Glassy Phases
Youn, Sang Heum,Yang, Z. X.,Hwang, Kyu Hong,Lee, Jong Kook,Kim, H. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Key Engineering Materials Vol.330-332 No.1
<P>Several sintering additives for hydroxyapatite have been tested in order to enhance its sinterability without decomposing the hydroxyapatite(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and without decreasing the bioactivity and/or biocompatibility. In case of sintered pure hydroxyapatites significant dissolution was occurred after immersion in distilled water or in simulated body fluid. At first the dissolution was iniciated at grain boundary creating the nano-size defects such as small pores and grew up to micro scale by increasing the immersion time. This dissolution resulted in grain separation at the surfaces and finally in fracture. And the dissolution was concentrated on those grains adjacent to pores rather than those in the dense region. So glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite(GR-HA) ceramics were prepared to strengthening the grain boundary to prevent dissolution. Several glasses were added at 0 to 10wt.% and sintered at 1200 °C for 2h in air with moisture protection. Glass phase was incorporated into hydroxyapatite to act as the sintering aids followed by crystallization in order to improve the mechanical properties without reducing the biocompatibility. From dissolution test, significant damage was reduced even more than 7days. X-ray diffraction and SEM showed no decomposition of hydroxyapatite to secondary phases and fracture toughness was increased more than pure hydroxyapatite.</P>