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Computational fluid dynamics simulations of interphase heat transfer in a bubbling fluidized bed
Jingdai Wang,Musango Lungu,Jingyuan Sun,Zichuan Zhu,Yongrong Yang 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.7
Numerical simulations based on the Eulerian-Eulerian approach have been performed in the study of interphaseheat transfer in a gas solid fluidized bed. The kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) has been used to describethe solid phase rheology. An assessment of drag models in the prediction of heat transfer coefficients shows that nomajor difference is observed in the choice of the drag model used. Fluctuations of the interphase heat transfer coefficienthave been found to be closely related to the bubble motion in the bed. Effects of the wall boundary condition, inletgas velocity, initial bed height and particle size on the predicted heat transfer coefficient have also been investigated. Typical temperature profiles in the bed show that thermal saturation is attained instantaneously close to the gas distributor. Simulated results of the coefficients are in fair agreement with those reported in literature.
Jianzeng Liu,Xiaohao Xu,Jingyuan Zhou,Guang Sun,Zhenzhuo Li,Lu Zhai,Jing Wang,Rui Ma,Daqing Zhao,Rui Jiang,Liwei Sun 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6
Background: Our previous investigation indicated that the preparation of Panax ginseng Meyer(P. ginseng) inhibited melanogenesis. It comprised salicylic acid (SA), protocatechuic acid (PA), p-coumaricacid (p-CA), vanillic acid (VA), and caffeic acid (CA). In this investigation, the regulatory effects ofP. ginseng phenolic acid monomers on melanin production were assessed. Methods: In vitro and in vivo impact of phenolic acid monomers were assessed. Results: SA, PA, p-CA and VA inhibited tyrosinase (TYR) to reduce melanin production, whereas CA hadthe opposite effects. SA, PA, p-CA and VA significantly downregulated the melanocortin 1 receptor(MC1R), cycle AMP (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cycle AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB),microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway, reducing mRNA and protein levels ofTYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and TYRP2. Moreover, CA treatment enhanced the cAMP, PKA,and CREB pathways to promote MITF mRNA level and phosphorylation. It also alleviated MITF proteinlevel in a-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, comparable to untreated B16F10, increasing the expression ofphosphorylation glycogen synthase kinase 3b (p-GSK3b), b-catenin, p-ERK/ERK, and p-p38/p38. Furthermore, the GSK3b inhibitor promoted p-GSK3b and p-MITF expression, as observed in CA-treatedcells. Moreover, p38 and ERK inhibitors inhibited CA-stimulated p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK, and p-MITFincrease, which had negative binding energies with MC1R, as depicted by molecular docking. Conclusion: P. ginseng roots' phenolic acid monomers can safely inhibit melanin production by bidirectionallyregulating melanin synthase transcription. Furthermore, they reduced MITF expression viaMC1R/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and enhanced MITF post-translational modification via Wnt/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
Botrytis cinerea hypovirulent strain BcSpd1 induced Panax ginseng defense
Shuhan Zhang,Junyou Han,Ning Liu,Jingyuan Sun,Huchen Chen,Jinglin Xia,Huiyan Ju,Shouan Liu 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6
Background: Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the major fungal diseases in agriculture. Biological methods are preferred over chemical fungicides to control gray mold since they are less toxicto the environment and could induce the resistance to pathogens in plants. In this work, we try tounderstand if ginseng defense to B. cinerea could be induced by fungal hypovirulent strain △BcSpd1. BcSpd1 encodes Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor which regulates fungal pathogenicity and we recentlyreported △BcSpd1 mutants reduced fungal virulence. Methods: We performed transcriptomic analysis of the host to investigate the induced defense responseof ginseng treated by B. cinerea △BcSpd1. The metabolites in ginseng flavonoids pathway were determinedby UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the antifungal activates were then performed. Results: We found that △BcSpd1 enhanced the ginseng defense response when applied to healthyginseng leaves and further changed the metabolism of flavonoids. Compared with untreated plants, theapplication of △BcSpd1 on ginseng leaves significantly increased the accumulation of p-coumaric acidand myricetin, which could inhibit the fungal growth. Conclusion: B. cinerea△BcSpd1 could effectively induce the medicinal plant defense and is referred to asthe biological control agent in ginseng disease management.
Ultrafast epitaxial growth of metre-sized single-crystal graphene on industrial Cu foil
Xu, Xiaozhi,Zhang, Zhihong,Dong, Jichen,Yi, Ding,Niu, Jingjing,Wu, Muhong,Lin, Li,Yin, Rongkang,Li, Mingqiang,Zhou, Jingyuan,Wang, Shaoxin,Sun, Junliang,Duan, Xiaojie,Gao, Peng,Jiang, Ying,Wu, Xiaoson Elsevier 2017 Science bulletin Vol.62 No.15