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[생체공학 부문] Shapes, Motions, and Forces in Cells
Jennifer H. Shin(신현정) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월
Cells in our body sense and respond to mechanical stimuli to regulate their physiological processes. These mechanical forces are exogenously imposed by various factors from the microenvironment of the tissue, regulating the biological responses of the cells. While normal cells in our body possess their own response strategies against moderate physicochemical stresses for homeostasis, pathological responses may be initiated to prompt disease conditions when the stress level falls below or goes above a critical threshold. Despite the importance of mechanical stresses in cellular physiology and pathology, the current focus of medicine largely ignores the physical basis of diseases. Pathological conditions such as cancer can be induced by an abnormality in the physical microenvironment, and the physical state of the cells can regulate their metastatic fate in the tumor mass. To understand the physiological behavior of the cells, it is crucial to develop pathologically relevant cell-based in vitro experimental models. In this work, we developed 2D and 3D cell-based models to visualize how stresses between adjacent cells and those between cells and the environment are produced in the clusters and how these stresses dictate the shapes and motions of the constituent cells. For quantitative analyses, we utilized particle image velocimetry (PIV), traction force microscopy (TFM), and monolayer stress microscopy (MSM) along with conventional biochemical assays and other phenotyping tools. We identified the active remodeling of stresses during the rearrangement of cell clusters. Using the simple 2D model, we unraveled the correlation among the shapes, motions, and physical stresses of the cells. In the context of cancer metastasis, we first identified the key factors that actively regulated the formation of the cellular aggregates and quantified the physical forces that would prevent the dissemination from occurring in the aggregates.