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벽 함수가 적용된 대와류 모사(FDS 코드)의 채널에서의 난류 유동 특성
장용준(Yong-Jun Jang),류지민(Ji-Min Ryu),고한서(Han Seo Ko),박성혁(Sung-Huk Park),구동회(Dong-Hoe Koo) 한국전산유체공학회 2015 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.20 No.3
The turbulent flow characteristics in the channel flow are investigated using large eddy simulation(LES) of FDS code, built in NIST(USA), in which the near-wall flow is solved by Werner-Wengle wall function. The periodic flow condition is applied in streamwise direction to get the fully developed turbulent flow and symmetric condition is applied in lateral direction. The height of the channel is H=1m, and the length of the channel is 6H, and the lateral length is H. The total grid is 32×32×32 and y<SUP>+</SUP> is kept above 11 to fulfill the near-wall flow requirement. The Smagorinsky model is used to solve the sub-grid scale stress. Smagorinsky constant C<SUB>s</SUB> is 0.2(default in FDS). Three cases of Reynolds number(10,700, 26,000, 49,000.), based on the channel height, are analyzed. The simulated results are compared with direct numerical simulation(DNS) and particle image velocimetry(PIV) experimental data. The linear low-Re eddy viscosity model of Launder & Sharma and non-linear low-Re eddy viscosity model of Abe-Jang-Leschziner are utilized to compare the results with LES of FDS. Reynolds normal stresses, Reynolds shear stresses, turbulent kinetic energys and mean velocity flows are well compared with DNS and PIV data.
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Yong-Jun Jang,Ho-Sung Jung,Sung-Huk Park 한국전산유체공학회 2014 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
The slipstream flow patterns with different shapes of ventilation shaft are analyzed in the double-bore subway tunnel. The shapes of ventilation shaft have two types. One of the ventilation shafts is connected to tunnel with a sharp-edge(90°) and the other ventilation shaft is connected to tunnel with a slant-edge of 45°. Two trains are passing by each other in the double-bore tunnel. The size of model tunnel is 210m(z)ⅹ8.5m(y)ⅹ4.75m(x) and the velocity of moving train is ±1m/sec. The moving train is modeled by cylinder-type body whose radius is 1.75m and its length is 10.5m. Three vertical ventilation shafts are installed in each tunnel. Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) is applied to make it possible to analyze the relative motion of moving train in the tunnel. LES has been employed to simulate the flow in the tunnel. The Re is 1,500 based on the train radius. The turbulent flow fields which are generated by relative motion between moving train and ventilation shafts are analyzed. The ventilation efficiency is qualitatively investigated.
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장준혁,김경호,Jang Jun-Huk,Kim Kyeng-Ho 대한침구의학회 1998 대한침구의학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Osteoarthritis(degenerative joint disease), the most common arthropathy affecting the aged people, is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage with proliferation and remodeling of subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis of the knee, which probably has greater social cost and more associated disability than osteoarthritis of any other joint, prevalence is known to increase with age, and females have higher rates than males; radiographic abnormalities are present in more than 30% of persons more than 65 years old, with approximately 40% of these persons symptomatic. Though the etiology of osteoarthritis is not entirely understood, much information is available regarding risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis that permit some reasonable guideline for preventive strategies. Traumatic damage or occupational or recreational overuse of knee joint may result in osteoarthritis, and obesity also is related to osteoarthritis of the knee. A variety of other possible risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis have been proposed, including increased bone mass, smoking, diseases such as diabetes or elevated serum uric acid, and some metabolic factors, but the contribustions of these and other factors such as smoking or race and diseases such as diabetes are as yet undetermined. The usual clinical manifestations include pain, stiffnesss, crepitus and loss of function. In oriental medicine, osteoarthritis of the knee is very similar to diseases such as Bijung(痺症), Haksulpung(鶴膝風), Youkjeolpung(歷節風) in symptoms. The diseases such as Bijung(痺症), Haksuipung(鶴膝風), Youkjeolpung(歷節風) is related to the of function liver(肝) and kidney(腎) and risk factors are regarded as Pung(風), Han(寒), sub(濕). The diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee has often been based on radiographic appearance and clinical manifestations. The acupuncture therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee has often been based on Stomach meridian(ST), Spleen meridian(SP), Kidney meridian(KI), Liver meridian(LR).
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