Anti-Inflammatory and Cicatrizing Activities of a Carbohydrate Fraction Isolated from Sugary Kefir

M.E.C. Moreira,M.H. Dos Santos,G.P.P. Zolini,A.T.B. Wouters,J.C.T. Carvalho,J.M. Schneedorf 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.2

Kefir is an association of microrganisms generally grown in milk, with known probiotic activities identifiedfrom its soured suspensions. Aqueous media are also able to grow kefir, but little is known about the probiotic properties ofits fermented products. This work aimed to evaluate some probiotic properties of a carbohydrate fraction isolated from sug-ary kefir (sugary kefir carbohydrate [SKC]). Anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated fraction of carbohydrate was testedboth in vitro(cellular respirometry and macrophage culture) and in vivo (50% effective dose, rat paw edema, vascular per-meability, and cicatrizing test). The results indicated no significant difference for oxygen uptake or macrophage culture be-tween control and test groups. Rat paw edema, however, showed a significant inhibitory activity by 30. 4% and 54 . 8%(P. .001) for carrageenan and dextran, respectively. In the cicatrizing test, animals treated with SKC cream also presentedless trauma after treatments as compared to the negative control group (P. .05). The overall data suggested the SKC as anatural product that could be used as a constituent of an anti-inflammatory compound.

The role of geosciences in the assessment of low-temperature geothermal resources (N-Portugal): a review

José M. Marques,P.M. Carreira,J.E. Marques,H.I. Chaminé,P.E. Fonseca,F.A. Monteiro Santos,H.G.M. Eggenkamp,J. Teixeira 한국지질과학협의회 2010 Geosciences Journal Vol.14 No.4

The aim of this paper is to review the results of the assessment of low-temperature geothermal resources (issue temperatures between 41 and 77℃) that occur in the Portuguese mainland. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary approach, including geologic, tectonic, geochemical, geophysical and isotopic (2H, 18O, 13C, 3H and 14C) techniques, was applied in order to update local and/or regional conceptual circulation models. Three case studies of N-Portugal are presented and discussed. This paper describes different low-temperature geothermal waters presenting similar hydrogeological conceptual models but rather different geochemical signatures (e.g., HCO3–Na with pH 8, HCO3/Na/CO2-rich with pH 7 and HCO3–Na with pH 9, type waters). In fact, in the studied low-temperature geothermal systems, local/regional high altitude sites associated with highly fractured rocks play an important role in conducting the infiltrated meteoric waters towards the discharge zones near the Spas. The discharge zones are mainly related to the intersection of major regional fault lineaments (and conjugate structures), responsible for creating the mineral waters ascent. In some cases, geochemical and isotopic data point out to the existence of anthropogenic contamination of some geothermal spring waters related to the intense use of fertilizers in areas of widespread agricultural practices

Ingestive Behavior of Lambs Confined in Individual and Group Stalls

Filho, A. Eustaquio,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Pires, A.J.V.,Silva, R.R.,Santos, P.E.F.,Murta, R.M.,Pereira, F.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.2

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

CCM key comparison CCM.D-K4 'Hydrometer'

Lorefice, S,Becerra, L O,Lenard, E,Lee, Y J,Lee, W G,Madec, T,Meury, P A,Caceres, J,Santos, C,Vamossy, C,Man, J,Fen, K,Toda, K,Wright, J,Bettin, H,Toth, H BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2016 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.53 No.-

<P></P> <P>This report presents the comparison philosophy, methodology, analysis and the results of the designed CCM.D-K4 key comparison that covered the calibration of high resolution hydrometers for liquid and alcoholometers in the density range 600 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> to 2000 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> at the temperature of 20°C. The main purpose of this comparison was not only to evaluate the degree of equivalence in the calibration of high accuracy hydrometers between NMI participants, but also to link, were it is possible, the results of previous comparisons to Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) of CCM.D-K4. Eleven NMI laboratories took part in the CCM.D-K4 divided in two groups (petals).</P> <P>With the CCM.D-K4 purpose, two similar sets consisting of three hydrometers for liquid density determinations and an alcoholometer were circulated to the NMI participants as a travelling standard in the time interval from January 2011 to April 2012.</P> <P>Twelve Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) for each petal have been obtained at the density values related to the tested density marks of the transfer standards by the results of participants. The KCRVs and corresponding uncertainties were calculated by the weighted mean in the case of consistent results, otherwise the median was used.</P> <P>The degree of equivalence (DoE) with respect to the corresponding KCRV was determined for each participant and, in this particular comparison, the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method was used to link the individual DoE of each participant by a continuous function.</P> <P>Significant drift of the transfer standards was not detected.</P> <P>This report also gives instructions on calculating pair-wise degrees of equivalence, with the addition of any information on correlations that may be necessary to estimate more accurately as well as the procedure for linking international comparisons to the CCM.D-K4. Finally an example of linkage to the CCM.D-K4 is given by dealing with the results of the bilateral comparison between INRiM and NMIA, which was added to this comparison so that all participants were engaged after the breakage of the 9340171 artefact.</P> <P>A particularly good agreement was found among the results provided by most of the participants, even if some systematic differences and either underestimated or overestimated uncertainties of the submitted results can be identified with respect to the KCRVs. In general the deviations of the laboratory results to the KCRVs are within of 1/3rd to 1/4th of a scale division and the uncertainty at 95% is usually within half a division. During the analysis of the submitted results, a systematic difference between the first and last immersed mark was also noted, possibly due to a temperature gradient along the stem and/or wetting of the stem around the tested mark, and therefore a corrected claimed uncertainty from each laboratory is expected. However this comparison may help the laboratories to solve some residual or marginal problems as well as to better understand the uncertainty components.</P> <P>The comparison fully supports the calibration measurement capabilities table in the BIPM key comparison database (KCDB). The results can be used to link regional comparisons to this CCM key comparison</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/M/D-K4/CCM.D-K4_Final_Report.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters 2009: the first Key Comparison (CCM.G-K1) in the field of absolute gravimetry

Jiang, Z,Pá,linká,š,, V,Arias, F E,Liard, J,Merlet, S,Wilmes, H,Vitushkin, L,Robertsson, L,Tisserand, L,Pereira Dos Santos, F,Bodart, Q,Falk, R,Baumann, H,Mizushima, S,Mä,kinen, J Springer-Verlag 2012 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.49 No.6

<P>The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG2009) took place at the headquarters of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) from September to October 2009. It was the first ICAG organized as a key comparison in the framework of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM MRA) (CIPM 1999). ICAG2009 was composed of a Key Comparison (KC) as defined by the CIPM MRA, organized by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) and designated as CCM.G-K1. Participating gravimeters and their operators came from national metrology institutes (NMIs) or their designated institutes (DIs) as defined by the CIPM MRA. A Pilot Study (PS) was run in parallel in order to include gravimeters and their operators from other institutes which, while not signatories of the CIPM MRA, nevertheless play important roles in international gravimetry measurements. The aim of the CIPM MRA is to have international acceptance of the measurement capabilities of the participating institutes in various fields of metrology. The results of CCM.G-K1 thus constitute an accurate and consistent gravity reference traceable to the SI (International System of Units), which can be used as the global basis for geodetic, geophysical and metrological observations of gravity. The measurements performed afterwards by the KC participants can be referred to the international metrological reference, i.e. they are SI-traceable.</P><P>The ICAG2009 was complemented by a number of associated measurements: the Relative Gravity Campaign (RGC2009), high-precision levelling and an accurate gravity survey in support of the BIPM watt balance project. The major measurements took place at the BIPM between July and October 2009. Altogether 24 institutes with 22 absolute gravimeters (one of the 22 AGs was ultimately withdrawn) and nine relative gravimeters participated in the ICAG/RGC campaign.</P><P>This paper is focused on the absolute gravity campaign. We review the history of the ICAGs and present the organization, data processing and the final results of the ICAG2009.</P><P>After almost thirty years of hosting eight successive ICAGs, the CIPM decided to transfer the responsibility for piloting the future ICAGs to NMIs, although maintaining a supervisory role through its Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities.</P>

Citrus Pulp as a Dietary Source of Antioxidants for Lactating Holstein Cows Fed Highly Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diets

Santos, G.T.,Lima, L.S.,Schogor, A.L.B.,Romero, J.V.,De Marchi, F.E.,Grande, P.A.,Santos, N.W.,Kazama, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.8

The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performance and milk quality of dairy cows fed highly polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) diets were evaluated. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latinsquare. Treatments, on a dry matter (DM) basis, were i) control diet; ii) 3% soybean oil; iii) 3% soybean oil and 9% PCP and; iv) 3% soybean oil and 18% PCP. When cows fed on citrus pulp, the DM intake tended to decrease. The total tract apparent digestibility of DM and ether extract decreased when cows fed on the control diet compared to other diets. Cows fed PCP had higher polyphenols and flavonoids content and higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in milk compared to those fed no pelleted citrus pulp. Cows fed 18% PCP showed higher monounsaturated FA and lower saturated FA in milk fat compared with cows fed the other diets. The lowest n-6 FA proportion was in milk fat from cows fed control. The present study suggests that pelleted citrus pulp added to 9% to 18% DM increases total polyphenols and flavonoids concentration, and the FRAP in milk.

Antimicrobial Activity of Benzophenones and Extracts from the Fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis

F.J. Naldoni,A.L.R. Claudino,J.W. Cruz Jr.,J.K. Chavasco,P.M. Faria e Silva,M.P. Veloso,M.H. Dos Santos 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The pericarp and seeds from fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis were subjected to extraction with hexane and ethanol. The pericarp hexane extract (PHE) and seed ethanol extract (SEE) were purified by silica gel column chromatography, which permitted isolation of the prenylated benzophenones 7-epiclusianone (1) and guttiferone-A (2), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of PHE, SEE, and compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were established. The substances presented activity against S. aureus and B. cereus as follows: PHE, 4.0 μg/mL and 2.4 μg/mL; SEE, 10.0 μg/mL and 12.6 μg/mL; 7-epiclusianone, 1.2 μg/mL and 0.6 μg/mL; and guttiferone-A, 2.4 μg/mL and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. The direct relationship between the lipophilic character of the structure and activity in Gram-positive bacteria was specifically observed. Therefore these extracts and prenylated benzophenones represent an interesting topic for further studies and open possibilities for an alternative control of diseases associated with Gram-positive bacteria.

Antimicrobial Activity of Benzophenones and Extracts from the Fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis

Naldoni, F.J.,Claudino, A.L.R.,Cruz, J.W. Jr,Chavasco, J.K.,Silva, P.M. Faria e,Veloso, M.P.,Santos, M.H. Dos The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The pericarp and seeds from fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis were subjected to extraction with hexane and ethanol. The pericarp hexane extract (PHE) and seed ethanol extract (SEE) were purified by silica gel column chromatography, which permitted isolation of the prenylated benzophenones 7-epiclusianone (1) and guttiferone-A (2), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of PHE, SEE, and compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were established. The substances presented activity against S. aureus and B. cereus as follows: PHE, $4.0\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.4\;{\mu}g/mL$; SEE, $10.0\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $12.6\;{\mu}g/mL$; 7-epiclusianone, $1.2\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.6\;{\mu}g/mL$; and guttiferone-A, $2.4\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.4\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The direct relationship between the lipophilic character of the structure and activity in Gram-positive bacteria was specifically observed. Therefore these extracts and prenylated benzophenones represent an interesting topic for further studies and open possibilities for an alternative control of diseases associated with Gram-positive bacteria.

A facile ultrasound‑assisted synthesis of mesoporous carbon

Rayanne O. Araujo,Vanuza O. Santos,Jamily L. Santos,Flaviana C. P. Ribeiro,Maria J. F. Costa,Jamal S. Chaar,Newton P. S. Falc?o,Carlos E. F. da Costa,Luiz K. C. de Souza 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.1

The ultrasonic method is an alternative to the conventional route to produce structured carbon materials, offering the advantages of synthesis in a short period of time under room temperature. The main objective of this work is to synthesize a sulfonated mesoporous carbon catalyst from a phenolic resin composed of phloroglucinol and formaldehyde. The synthesis was performed by the soft-template method in an ultrasonic processor and the product was subsequently carbonized and sulfonated for application in the esterification model reaction. Functionalization with sulfuric acid of MCS5-6 h sample brought about a decrease in porosity but simultaneously resulted in the generation of functional groups of an acidic nature. The MCS5-6 h catalyst with a sulfonic density of 1.6 mmol g? 1, surface area of 402 m2 g? 1 and pore diameter of 10.6 nm maintained in mesoporous even after acid treatment. MCS5-6 h showed excellent activity in the esterification reaction with 95% oleic acid conversion. The recyclability of MCS5-6 h was satisfactory during five reaction cycles. The present work addressed a promising alternative for the synthesis of carbon catalysts using ultrasound irradiation, thus providing an alternative with a lower cost of time and energy for large-scale production.

Fundamental Development of Reproduction Management Systems in Dairy Cattle: Insight into Hormonal and Molecular Controls of Embryo Development and Survival

W. W. Thatcher,R. S. Bisinotto,E. S. Ribeiro,J.E.P. Santos,R.L.A. Cerri 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2012 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1