제한된 광 환경 아래서의 식물 대사의 변화 탐색

심이성(Ie Sung Shim),이영우(Young Woo Lee),김용현(Yong Hyun Kim),정효정(Hyo Cheng Cheng),김성민(Seong Min Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

배추, 양상추 및 시금치의 생장별 시스테인, 글루타치온 및 비타민 C의 함량 변화

김주성(Ju-Sung Kim),심이성(Ie-Sung Shim),김일섭(Il-Seop Kim),김명조(Myong-Jo Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.2

연구는 식물체의 기능성 물질 형성과 생장조건의 관계에 있어서 기초지식을 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 채소는 글루타치온과 비타민 함량과 소비량을 고려하여, 글루타치온 함량이 높은 배추와 시금치, 그리고 낮은 양상추를 선택하였다. 흑토, 모래, 퇴비의 다양한 혼합비율로 재배할 경우, 배추, 양상추 및 시금치는 6.5:3.5:2.0의 조건에서 생장이 가장 좋았다. 배추와 양상추에서는 토양조건에 따라 글루타치온 함량이 변하였으나, 시금치에서는 변화가 없었다. 각 식물체에서 4엽기 때 글루타치온과 비타민 C의 함량은 2엽기 때보다 높았으며, 어린잎일수록 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 위 결과는 식물에 있어서 글루타치온과 비타민 C 같은 기능성 물질이 성장단계에 따라 변화됨을 나타내었다. 따라서, 각 채소로부터 높은 함량의 기능성 물질을 얻기 위한 생장 조건은 보다 많은 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다. This study was conducted to gather basic information on the relationship between growth condition and formation of the functional substances in plants. Several vegetable crops were screened in consideration of glutathione and ascorbic acid contents; vegetable consumption amount was also used as a selection criteria. Chinese cabbage and spinach were selected for their higher glutathione contents and head lettuce for its lower. The different tendency of relationship between the growth condition of each plant and the glutathione content was observed. When vegetables were grown at various combination ratios of andosol, river sand, and compost, the growth rate was the highest at the ratios of 6.5:3.5:2.0. The glutathione content in Chinese cabbage and head lettuce differed depending on the soil condition, while it did not differ in spinach. Glutathione and ascorbic acid contents were higher at four-leaf stages than two-leaf stages of each vegetable. Moreover, they were higher in the young leaves than the old leaves of each seedling. These results suggest that the functional substances such as glutathione and ascorbic acid in vegetables are changed with the growth stage. Therefore, growth conditions to obtain their highest contents should be studied further.

각종 유식물체, 채소 및 가공식품 중의 글루타치온 함량

김주성(Ju-Sung Kim),심이성(Ie-Sung Shim),김명조(Myong-Jo Kim) 한국식품과학회 2009 한국식품과학회지 Vol.41 No.5

40종류 이상의 식물의 유식물체, 채소 그리고 가공식품의 글루타치온과 그의 산화형 글루타치온(GSSG)함량을 측정하였다. 유식물체를 이용한 실험에서 총글루타치온 함량은, 100 g(생체중)당 0-120 μmol의 범위였으며, 같은 과, 종 및 품종에 있어서도 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. 특히, 시판되고 있는 곡물과 채소를 이용한 실험에서는 콩과의 팥과 강낭콩에서 높은 글루타치온 함량을 나타내었다. 콩을 이용한 가공식품(고추장, 된장, 간장 등)에서는 글루타치온 함량이 거의 검출되지 않았다. 식품에 있어서 고농도의 글루타치온은 식품의 높은 부가가치가 되리라 생각된다. In this study, we investigated the levels of glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG) in more than 40 kinds of plant materials including seedling plants, grains, vegetables, and processed foods. The glutathione contents in the seedling plants were ranged from 0 to 120 μmol/100 g. In addition, the different levels of glutathione were observed within the same family and between species. In the case of marketed grains and vegetables, azuki and kidney beans of leguminosae contained the high levels of glutathione, whereas glutathione was scarcely detected in the processed bean foods (bean paste, soybean sauce, etc.). Overall, a higher GSH content in food may contribute to a higher added value.

염 스트레스에 대한 배추의 생리학적 반응

김주성(Ju-Sung Kim),심이성(Ie-Sung Shim),김명조(Myong-Jo Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.3

염 스트레스(0, 50, 100mM NaCl)에 의한 식물 반응을 이해하기 위하여, 본 실험은 수경법으로 2엽기까지 기른 배추를 이용하였다. 신선중과 건물중, 엽록소, 항산화 물질, 폴리아민함량, 항산화 효소 활성, 그리고 이온 레벨을 조사하였다. 배추의 생체중 및 건물중은 염의 증가에 따라 증가하였으며, 50mM NaCl 처리시 최적의 성장을 보였다. Chl a, total Chl, carotenoid 함량과 Chl a/b 비는 100mM NaCI 처리후 6일째 증가하였으나, Chl b 함량은 감소하였다. 글루타치온 함량은 염처리후 6일째 뿌리에서 증가하였으며, dehydroascorbate는 6일째 잎과 뿌리에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 염처리후 6일째 잎에서, ascorbate peroxidase 활성은 증가하였으나, catalase와 glutathione reductase 활성은 감소하였다. 지상부에 100mM NaCI 처리후 3일째, Na? 함량은 12.5배 증가하였으나, Ca²?, K?과 Mg²? 함량은 43-57% 감소하였다. 또한 염 스트레스에 의한 스페르미딘 감소 현상과 스페르민 증가현상을 나타내었다. 50mM NaCl 처리에 의해 배추의 생장 촉진, 글루타치온 및 비타민 C 함량 증가 현상이 나타났으며, 또한 식물의 생장 촉진에 의한 재배 기간의 단축효과도 기대된다. In order to understand the plant responses to salt stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), Chinese cabbage seedlings grown up to two leaf stages by hydroponic culture were used. Fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl), antioxidant materials, polyamine content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and inorganic ion level were evaluated. Fresh and dry weights of Chinese cabbage increased with the increase in salinity while the optimal growth occurred at 50 mM NaCl. The Chl a, total Chl, carotenoid content, and Chl a/b ratio increased by the 6 days after treatment with 100 mM NaCI; however, the Chl b content decreased. Glutathione increased in the root of Chinese cabbage for 6 days. Dehydroascorbate increased remarkably by day 6 caused by the salt stress in both leaf and the root. While ascorbate peroxidase increased, the activity of catalase and glutathione reductase decreased gradually in the first leaf for 6 days. The Na? content increased by 12.5-fold in the 3days after treatment with 100 mM NaCI in the shoot, whereas the Ca²?, K?, and Mg²? content measured in the same treatment decreased by 43 to 57%. Spermidine content decreased as salinity increased, but spermine content increased. The growth promotion, glutathione and ascorbic acid content in Chinese cabbage were increased by low salt stress, and shortening of the cultivation period for growth increase of Chinese cabbage is expected.

Changes in Growth Characteristics of Seven Foliage Plants Grown in an Indoor Bio-Wall System Depending on Irrigation Cycle

한철구(Cheolju Han),심이성(Ie-Sung Shim) 인간식물환경학회 2020 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.23 No.2

In order to increase the indoor air purification effect of plants, plants need to be placed on 5-10% of indoor spaces. To increase the density and utilization of plants in indoor spaces, studies on bio-wall, a vertical green wall system, have been recently conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of 7 indoor plants introduced to the system and their rooting zones at different irrigation cycles. This study was conducted to investigate a proper irrigation cycle for the continuous maintenance of bio-wall systems. The conditions of their growth environment were maintained as follows: light intensity, 20-50 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD; and temperature, 20 - 25℃. For fertilization, Hyponex diluted with water at the ratio of 1:1,000 was supplied to plants. Irrigation was treated at intervals of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days for 1 hour at a time. As a result, there was no significant difference in the growth of plants between different irrigation cycles. Dieffenbachia ‘Marianne’ showed a significant decrease in the number of leaves at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In addition, the chlorophyll content was relatively low at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In terms of the color of leaves, a decrease in L value and b value and an increase in a value were observed, resulting in changes in brightness and color. Ardisia pusilla Variegata showed a slightly higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance when it was watered every day and once per 5 days, while Epipremnum aureum showed a relatively higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance at the irrigation cycle of 3 days. In the case of root activity, it was found that the longer irrigation cycle, the higher root activity compared to daily irrigation. The development of roots of Peperomia clusiifolia was promoted by watering at long intervals. However, in the case of Aglaonema ‘Siam-Aurora’, the total number of roots decreased at the interval of 7 days. In conclusion, a proper irrigation cycle for the sustainable maintenance of vertical bio-wall systems seems to be 3 days.

우울증환자의 정서에 미치는 원예치료프로그램 효과 연구

송미진(Mi Jin Song),심이성(Ie Sung Shim),김미영(Mi Young Kim),김귀순(Gui Soon Kim) 한국원예학회 2009 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2009 No.10

만병초 자생지의 환경생태학적 특성

이병철 ( Byung Chul Lee ),심이성 ( Ie Sung Shim ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.10

Rhododendron brachycarpum is a evergreen broad-leaved shrub and belongs to the Ericaceae family and the Rhododendron genus. It is well known for its beautiful leaves and flowers. There are 11 species of the Rhododendron genus in Korea. It includes 3 species - Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron aureum Georgi and Rhododendron brachycarpum var. roseum Koidz. They grow naturally over 1,000 meters above sea level of the Baekdu Mountain Range in Korea. These habitats, according to investigations of 9 Rhododendron brachycarpum natural habitats, are mostly located on the slope of mountains facing north at an altitude of 1,200 m to 1,526 m above sea level with angle of inclination from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Based on the result of vegetation analysis of dominance species in the quadrates, there are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla in species of upper trees, and so on. Dominant species of woody plants in tree layer are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla, Betula platyphylla and Veeatrum patulum Loes. fil, Erythronium japonicum, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Paeonia japonica var. glabra Makino are founded in herbaceous plants. And we can see another result of the investigation that the flowering rates of the plants with the buds are highly ranked mountains such as Mt. Hambaek 68%, Mt. Gyebang 40%, Mt. Yagksu 9%, Mt. Gaein 7% and Mt. Seolag 0%. The results show that there are 24 over 15-year-old Rhododendron brachycarpums in Mt. Odae and are 56 under 15-year-old trees in Mt. Hambaek and are no trees in Mt. Gyebang and are 9 over 30-year-dead trees only in Mt. Taebaeg. Out of found trees, the highest tree is 7 m in height and 0.6 m in diameter. Also this result shows what are the vulnerability factors of the natural habitats. They are as follows: indiscriminate trails in mountains, damages by mountain climbers, uncareful plant collecting, the fierce competitions with other plants such as Acer pseudosieboldianum var. ishidoyanum Uyeki, Quercus aliena, Celastrus orbiculatus and damages by disease and insect, unusual temperature in natural habitats, etc. Rhododendron brachycarpums have high ornamental value and excellent pharmaceutical effect. But the areas of its habitats decrease dramatically. So we need measures to protect and their natural habitats. It is necessary that we conduct further investigations to designate conservation area for Rhododendron brachycarpums.

In the Germination of Plant the Production and Role of GABA

Jic Hyun Lee(이직현),Sung Min Kim(김성민),Ie Sung Shim(심이성) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.10

기능성 보리순 활용을 위한 품종 분석

김성민(Seong-Min Kim),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),심이성(Ie-Sung Shim) 한국원예학회 2009 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2009 No.5

국내 자생종 및 도입종 만병초의 내한성과 관련된 형태 및 생리적변화

이병철(Byung Chul Lee),김성민(Seong Min Kim),정효정(Hyo Cheng Cheng),심이성(Ie Sung Shim) 한국원예학회 2011 원예과학기술지 Vol.29 No.6

상록활엽관목으로서 꽃이 화려하고 관상가치가 높으나 멸종위기 수종인 자생만병초와 원예도입종 만병초 품종을 공시하여 내한성의 기작을 잎 운동과 광합성 활성 등의 생리적 반응을 조사하여 구명하고자 하였으며 다음과 같이 요약된다. 월동 후의 엽소 피해 정도로 측정한 내한성 정도는 자생종인 만병초와 홍만병초에서 도입종보다 크게 높았으며, 도입종 중에서도 "Nova Zembla"에서 가장 낮았고, "Cynosure"와 "Parker"s Pink"는 이보다 다소 높았다. 저온에 의한 엽각의 변화는 자생종과 "Parker"s Pink" 품종에서 크게 일어났으며, "Nova Zembla"와 "Cunningham"s White"에서의 변화는 적었다. 저온에 의한 잎말림 현상도 자생종에서 크게 일어났고 도입종은 이들보다 작았으며, 도입종 중에서는 "Parker"s Pink"가 다소 컸고 나머지 품종들은 작았다. 자생종의 내한성은 저온에 의한 엽각변화와 잎말림현상이 관여하는 것으로 판단되며, 내한성이 약한 "Parker"s Pink"에 있어서는 잎운동 활성과의 관련성이 적어 다른 요인이 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 내한성이 강한 만병초에서 월동 전 광합성 활성이 높았고 월동 후 광합성활성의 회복이 자생종 및 도입종의 "Cynosure"에서 비교적 빨랐으며, 내한성이 가장 약했던 "Nova Zembla"에서 월동 전 광합성 활성과 월동 후 광합성활성의 회복속도가 가장 낮았다. 기공전도도는 광합성활성과 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 내한성이 강한 자생종에서 월동 후 뿌리로부터 잎으로의 수분이동이 원활하여 엽소현상이 적었고, 월동 후 기공전도도가 가장 낮았고 수분이동에 크게 제한을 받은 "Nova Zembla"에서 엽소현상이 크게 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로부터 만병초 종에 있어서 월동중의 잎 운동과 월동후의 수분이동 및 광합성에 의해 축적되는 수분스트레스 관련 물질들이 종합적으로 관여하여 엽소현상으로서 나타나는 내한성을 결정하는 것으로 생각된다. Cold tolerance of the native Rhododendron species which are on the verge of extinction in Korean nature were compared with the introduced species and its mechanism were studied physiologically with the investigation of the leaf angle, leaf curling, and photosynthetic activity. The degree of cold tolerance measured with the leaf burning after winter season was higher in the native species, Rhododendron brachycarpum and Rhododendron brachycarpum var. roseum than all the introduced species. "Nova Zembla", an introduced species, showed high sensitivity to the low temperature. Changes in leaf angle by the low temperature were bigger in 2 native species and "Parker"s Pink" than the other introduced species and small comparatively in "Nova Zembla" and "Cunningham"s White" cultivar. Leaf curling also occurred strongly in 2 native species by the low temperature. While, it was comparatively little and mild in the other introduced species. Therefore these results suggested that the leaf movement such as leaf angle cha nge and curling adapted to the low temperature is positively related to the cold tolerance of 2 native species. By the way, such relationship is not explainable in the cold-sensitive ‘Parker’s Pink’ cultivar showing comparatively stronger leaf movement. Photosynthetic activity measured before the winter season was high in the cold-tolerant R. brachycarpum and its recovery after winter season was faster in the 2 native species and the introduced "Cynosure" cultivar than the other introduced species. They were the lowest in the most cold-sensitive "Nova Zembla". This phenomena occurred similarly even in the stomatal conductivity, suggesting that the movement of water from the roots to the leaves is better and then the leaf burning after winter season become small in the cold-tolerant species. The recovery of photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductivity was comparatively slower in the cold-sensitive "Parker"s Pink". From the above results, leaf behavior adapted to the low temperature during the winter season and water movement to the leaves are related collectively to the cold tolerance represented as the leaf burning in the Rhododendron species is suggested.