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Hutchinson, Michael,Oh, Hyondong,Chen, Wen-Hua Elsevier 2017 Information fusion Vol.36 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Understanding atmospheric transport and dispersal events has an important role in a range of scenarios. Of particular importance is aiding in emergency response after an intentional or accidental chemical, biological or radiological (CBR) release. In the event of a CBR release, it is desirable to know the current and future spatial extent of the contaminant as well as its location in order to aid decision makers in emergency response. Many dispersion phenomena may be opaque or clear, thus monitoring them using visual methods will be difficult or impossible. In these scenarios, relevant concentration sensors are required to detect the substance where they can form a static network on the ground or be placed upon mobile platforms. This paper presents a review of techniques used to gain information about atmospheric dispersion events using static or mobile sensors. The review is concluded with a discussion on the current limitations of the state of the art and recommendations for future research.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A review of techniques to gain information about atmospheric dispersion is presented. </LI> <LI> Optimisation- and Bayesian inference-based estimation methods are summarised. </LI> <LI> Mobile sensors provide an ideal platform for data gathering of atmospheric events. </LI> <LI> The current limitations and recommendations for future research is discussed. </LI> </UL> </P>
Entrotaxis as a strategy for autonomous search and source reconstruction in turbulent conditions
Hutchinson, Michael,Oh, Hyondong,Chen, Wen-Hua Elsevier 2018 Information fusion Vol.42 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper proposes a strategy for performing an efficient autonomous search to find an emitting source of sporadic cues of noisy information. We focus on the search for a source of unknown strength, releasing particles into the atmosphere where turbulence can cause irregular gradients and intermittent patches of sensory cues. Bayesian inference, implemented via the sequential Monte Carlo method, is used to update posterior probability distributions of the source location and strength in response to sensor measurements. Posterior sampling is then used to approximate a reward function, leading to the manoeuvre to where the entropy of the predictive distribution is the greatest. As it is developed based on the maximum entropy sampling principle, the proposed framework is termed as Entrotaxis. We compare the performance and search behaviour of Entrotaxis with the popular Infotaxis algorithm, for searching in sparse and turbulent conditions where typical gradient-based approaches become inefficient or fail. The algorithms are assessed via Monte Carlo simulations with simulated data and an experimental dataset. Whilst outperforming the Infotaxis algorithm in most of our simulated scenarios, by achieving a faster mean search time, the proposed strategy is also more computationally efficient during the decision making process.</P> <P> <UL> <P><B>highlights</B></P> <LI> Cognitive search and source term estimation strategy for a mobile sensor is proposed. </LI> <LI> Maximum entropy sampling principles are adopted to maximise the information gain. </LI> <LI> The proposed Entrotaxis strategy shows faster search time than the existing methods. </LI> </UL> </P>
Applications of New Remote Sensing Technology to Natural Rock Slope Stability Analysis
( D Jean Hutchinson ),( David Bonneau ),( Dave Gauthier ),( Ioannis Farmakis ),( Kurri Reich ),( Paul-mark Difrancesco ),( Alex Graham ),( Melanie Coombs ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Assessment of stability of natural rock slopes located above infrastructure corridors, such as railways, and highways is required in order to evaluate potential for failure, loss of infrastructure capacity, and threats to public safety. As these slopes are not engineered, natural failure processes dominate. These are difficult to assess as direct physical access is generally not possible, and monitoring data is rarely available. A variety of remote sensing techniques from several vantage points and platforms have been deployed to evaluate rock slope stability, including LiDAR, photogrammetry, and Gigapan photography, from terrestrial and a variety of airborne platforms. Techniques have been developed to utilize both single data acquisitions as well as time sequential data sets. Analysis of data sets from different sources has proven to be useful in order to reduce loss of data due to occlusion and to provide different data types which are useful for different applications. A number of case histories of large rock slopes in the mountainous areas of western Canada will be used to demonstrate the integration of engineering geology into the remote sensing analysis of the rock slopes. Research products include assessment of the rockmass characteristics, an assessment of block volume, analysis of slope deformation and failures leading to forecasting of potential future events, dependent on the failure mechanism. As the database of rock slope case histories continues to build, we are moving ever closer to a more detailed understanding of rock slope failure modes, precursor events, deformation thresholds and the effect of triggering events.
Centre–State Relations and Intra-Party Dynamics in Malaysia: UMNO and the Case of Johor
Francis E. Hutchinson 서울대학교행정대학원 2015 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.23 No.2
As multi-level governance structures led by multiple political parties, democratic federal systems can experience two types of tensions—those between central and state governments, and those between parties in power at those different levels. This has made the study of centre–state relations in Malaysia challenging, as one coalition has been in power at the federal level since independence. Most visible centre–state conflicts have occurred in states led by the opposition or minor coalition members. However, the majority of state governments are led by the United Malays’ National Organization (UMNO)—Malaysia's most powerful political party and coalition leader. Given this, it is instructive to analyse centre–state relations in a state that has also been led by UMNO, as this enables the elimination of inter-party strife as a source of conflict. Johor lends itself well to this exercise. Like the federal government, it has been led since independence by the ruling coalition, and is intimately linked to UMNO. Despite this congruence, the Johor state government has experienced serious conflict with the central government, demonstrating that the same party affiliation does not eliminate clashes and highlighting the need to further explore centre–state relations in UMNO-led states.