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Ether-functionalized ionic liquids as highly efficient SO<sub>2</sub> absorbents
Hong, Sung Yun,Im, Jinkyu,Palgunadi, Jelliarko,Lee, Sang Deuk,Lee, Je Seung,Kim, Hoon Sik,Cheong, Minserk,Jung, Kwang-Deog Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Energy & environmental science Vol.4 No.5
<P>Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), ether-functionalized imidazolium methanesulfonates, exhibit extremely high SO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility, at least 2 moles of SO<SUB>2</SUB> per mole of RTIL at 30 °C and at atmospheric pressure. The solubility of SO<SUB>2</SUB> in these RTILs increases with increasing number of tethered ether oxygen atoms and also with the pressure rise. FT-IR spectroscopic and quantum mechanical calculation results show that such high SO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility is originated from the combined interactions of SO<SUB>2</SUB> with methanesulfonate anion and ether oxygen atom or atoms on the imidazolium ring. The absorbed SO<SUB>2</SUB> gas can be readily and completely desorbed from the RTILs by heating at 100 °C in a N<SUB>2</SUB> flow, thereby allowing the RTILs to be reused up to 5 cycles without loss of their initial capacity.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Ether-functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquids bearing a methanesulfonate anion are highly effective for the reversible absorption of SO<SUB>2</SUB>. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0ee00616e'> </P>
( Sung-woo Ahn ),( Nam-joon Yi ),( Kyung-chul Yoon ),( Hyo-sin Kim ),( Suk-kyun Hong ),( Hyeyoung Kim ),( Jin-young Choi ),( Joon Koo Han ),( Min Uk Kim ),( Hyo-cheol Kim ),( Kwang-woong Lee ),( Kyung 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) has been the key therapy for end stage liver disease and the outcome has been excellent. However, still surgical complication associated with small recipient is the main cause of graft loss. In the present study, we assessed recent advances in outcome of PLTs through our experience. Methods: A total of 237 PLTs performed between Mar 1988 and July 2015 were analyzed. Three chronological periods were investigated: the initial period (1988-2007, n=117), the mid-term period in which our PLT management protocol was settled down (2008-2011, n=61), and the period in which surgical procedures were refined for small children (2012-2015, n=59). Results: The grafts’ (84% vs. 82% vs. 98%) and patients’ (84% vs. 87% vs. 98%) survival have been improved (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of Child class C (12% vs. 21% vs. 34%), the proportion of deceased donor (25% vs. 41% vs. 54%), and split PLT (15%vs. 20% vs. 39%) increased (p<0.05). The incidence of surgical complication has been improved, especially in hepatic artery (4% vs. 12% vs. 0%) but there was no significance. ABO incompatible PLT has introduced on the last period (9%). Conclusions: The quality of the PLT has recently been standardized through a large volume of experience, and the operation has been proven to improve the survival outcome. However, a constant evaluation of our experience is critical for further progress.
Gelatinization Characteristics of Glutinous Rice Varieties
Kwang Ho Kim,Hong Sook Park,Jae Sung Kim 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.1
Gelatinization characteristics of 111 glutinous rice varieties were evaluated by Rapid Visco Analyzer. Gelatinization viscosity of glutinous rice tested varied with ecotypes or varietal groups: indica, japonica, and Tongil type. Indica rice showed the highest average value of initial pasting temperature. The average values for peak, hot, and cool viscosities were highest in Tongil-type rice, and lowest in japonica rice. Japonica showed the lowest breakdown and consistency, but the highest setback value. Indica was lower in alkali digestion value (ADV), and shorter in gel length after gelatinization thanjaponica and Tongil-type. Glutinous rices tested could be divided into six groups by cluster analysis based on their gelatinization characteristics. Group I-A was mostly early maturing japonica varieties while I-B was mostly indica and Tongil-type rices. Groups II-A and II-B were consisted of very early maturingjaponica, and III-A and III-B included medium or medium late maturingjaponica varieties. Group III-A showed the lowest average values of peak, hot, cool, and consistency viscosities, and also in breakdown and setback ratios. Group I-B revealed the highest values in peak, hot, cool, breakdown, and consistency viscosities. ADV was low in groups I-A, I-B, and II-B, and gel consistency was not different among the six varietal groups. Principal component analysis using seven traits related with gelatinization produced four effective components, and the first and second components were highly correlated with all the gelatinization characters evaluated
A New Strategy for Condition Monitoring of Adjustable Speed Induction Machine Drive Systems
Sang Bin Lee,Jinkyu Yang,Jongman Hong,Ji-Yoon Yoo,Byunghwan Kim,Kwanghwan Lee,Jangho Yun,Myungchul Kim,Kwang-Woon Lee,Wiedenbrug, E J,Nandi, S IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol.26 No.2
<P>A new strategy for monitoring the condition of adjustable speed induction machine drive systems is presented in this paper. The main concept of the new method is to use the inverter to perform off-line tests for quality assessment of the vulnerable components in the inverter, cable, and induction motor automatically whenever the motor is stopped. This new approach is suitable for monitoring system components that deteriorate gradually to failure, if the degradation is observable. Off-line test methods for monitoring the quality of the 1) dc-link aluminum electrolytic capacitor; 2) electrical connections; 3) cable and stator winding insulation; 4) stator core; and 5) rotor bar are presented along with a summary of the failure mechanism and existing test methods. It will be shown that the new strategy can be implemented with minimal hardware requirements, and that it has many advantages over existing off-line and on-line tests. An experimental study performed under simulated fault conditions for each component shows that the method provides a reliable and sensitive indication of drive system problems for reliable, efficient, and safe operation.</P>
( Sung-wook Hong ),( Eunju O ),( Jun Young Lee ),( Jaeu Yi ),( Kyungjin Cho ),( Juhee Kim ),( Daeun Kim ),( Charles D. Surh ),( Kwang Soon Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.4
Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T (Treg) cells play an essential role in preventing overt immune responses against self and innocuous foreign antigens. Selective expansion of endogenous Treg cells in response to the administration of interleukin (IL)-2/antibody complex, such as the IL-2/JES6-1 complex (IL-2C) in mice, is considered an attractive therapeutic approach to various immune disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of IL-2C in allergic airway inflammation models. IL-2C treatment ameliorated Th17-mediated airway inflammation; however, unexpectedly, IL-2C treatment exacerbated Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation by inducing the selective expansion of Th2 cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells. We also found that IL-2 signaling is required for the expansion of Th2 cells in lymphoproliferative disease caused by Treg cell depletion. Our data suggest that IL-2C is selectively applicable to the treatment of allergic airway diseases depending on the characteristics of airway inflammation. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(4): 283-288]
Hong, Jin-Sung,Ryu, Ki-Hyun,Kwon, Soon-Jae,Kim, Jin-Won,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Park, Kyong-Cheul The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.3
Polygalacturonase (PG) gene is a typical gene family present in eukaryotes. Forty-nine PGs were mined from the genomes of Neurospora crassa and five Aspergillus species. The PGs were classified into 3 clades such as clade 1 for rhamno-PGs, clade 2 for exo-PGs and clade 3 for exo- and endo-PGs, which were further grouped into 13 sub-clades based on the polypeptide sequence similarity. In gene structure analysis, a total of 124 introns were present in 44 genes and five genes lacked introns to give an average of 2.5 introns per gene. Intron phase distribution was 64.5% for phase 0, 21.8% for phase 1, and 13.7% for phase 2, respectively. The introns varied in their sequences and their lengths ranged from 20 bp to 424 bp with an average of 65.9 bp, which is approximately half the size of introns in other fungal genes. There were 29 homologous intron blocks and 26 of those were sub-clade specific. Intron losses were counted in 18 introns in which no obvious phase preference for intron loss was observed. Eighteen introns were placed at novel positions, which is considerably higher than those of plant PGs. In an evolutionary sense both intron loss and gain must have taken place for shaping the current PGs in these fungi. Together with the small intron size, low conservation of homologous intron blocks and higher number of novel introns, PGs of fungal species seem to have recently undergone highly dynamic evolution.